Organizational Behaviour

 Organizational behaviour is concerned with understanding, predicting,

and controlling human behaviour at work.

 Organizational behaviour attempts to understand individuals in an

organization as a basis of meeting individual needs and achieving
organizational objectives.

Challenges of Organizational Behaviour

 Work-force diversity

 Changing Demographics of Work-Force

 Changed Employee Expectations

 Globalization

 Corporate Reorganizations

 Improving Quality & Productivity

 Stimulating Innovation & Change

 Improving Ethical Behaviour

 Individual Behaviour

 Individual behaviour means some concrete action by a person.

 Individuals will behave differently depending upon their motivation,

values, attitudes & perception they have. This difference is reflected
in difference types of behaviour which may be desirable or
undesirable.

 The process of human behaviour is a stimulus response process. The

environment acts as stimulus & the person responds to it.

Factors Affecting Individual Behaviour

Individual Factors

 Age

 Physical Characteristics

 Experience

 Intelligence

 Ability

 Religion

Learned Factors

 Personality

 Perception

 Attitude
 Values

Organizational Factors

 Facilities

 Structure

 Leadership

 Rewards

Environmental Factors

 Economic Factors

 Political Factors

 Legal Factors

 Socio-Cultural Factors

Models Of Human Behaviour

Type 1 : S – R Model

 There are certain forces that shape & determine human behaviour.
The entire situation is called “Stimulus Response” process.

 Without the stimulus there is no information to handled by the internal

processes prior to action taken by the person. This implies that his
behaviour is determined by the environmental forces.
 The S – R Model, however does not give the total concept of caused
nature of behaviour specially when the person concerned plays an
important role in behaviour because behaviour is shaped by his
internal feelings also.

Type 2 : S – O – R Model

 This model is achieved by inserting ‘O’ in S – R Model. Here, the

organism is constantly active, scanning its surroundings & monitoring
its own actions.

 The ‘O’ is not passive & immobile as assumed in S – R Model.

Rather, the ‘O’ is viewed as a mediating, maintenance & adjustive
function between ‘S’ and ‘R’. As a maintenance function, organs of
‘O’ are responsible for its health & growth.

 The S – O – R Model is mechanistic, simplistic & does not explain the

complexity of human behaviour.

Type 3 : S – O – B – A Model

 The ‘S’ : It stands for stimulus or external environment situation

which may include light weather, heat, sound & actions of supervisors
or any other aspect of environment to which a person is sensitive.

 The ‘O’ : It indicates organism as the person. It not only includes

physiological aspects of an individual but also includes process
within the person e.g. maturity level, responsibility level, perceptions,
attitude, philosophies, values, morale & motivation.

 The ‘B’ : It stands for individual behaviour which may be overt &
covert behaviour. Behaviour is anything that a person does , it is not
something that is done to a person.
 The ‘A’ : It stands for one’s accomplishments & consequences. One’s
behaviour leads to one’s accomplishments. The accomplishment may
further change the stimulating condition & thereby influence the
subsequent behaviour.