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RELATIVE CLAUSE
SAMPLE SENTENCES
You can see people that have got rings.
And they are in lots of other places that you can’t
see too!
Mick Shannon, who is a qualified body piercer,
took me to his salon.
He finished by giving the girl advice on how to
help the skin get better, which was a nice
professional touch.
Words
Words are the smallest meaningful bits of a sentence.
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Phrases
A phrase is a group of related words that
does not include a subject and verb.
several people
the story
the long and winding road
Clause
A clause is a group of related words
containing a subject and a verb
An independent clause - which could be its
own sentence
"She is older than her brother"
dependent clauses – which can’t stand by
themselves
Sentences
A sentence may consist of two or more
clauses together.
Corruption affects you even if you don’t
get close to it.
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Relative Clauses
Relative Clause
The boy is my brother. Which boy are you
talking about?
FUNCTION:
Defining Relative Clause is used to identify
the person or thing we are talking about.
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Relative pronouns
Usage
1/ For Person :
The one sees Dependent Arising. He sees the Dharma.
→ The one who/ that sees Dependent Arising sees the
Dharma.
He saw beings. Some are easy to teach and hard to teach.
→ He saw beings who / that are easy to teach and hard to
teach.
The Konandas were the Buddha’s old companions. The
Buddha was preaching Dharma to them
→ The Konandas whom/ that the Buddha was preaching
Dharma to were his old companions.
2/ Things :
Some lotuses are born in the water. They are
unstained by it.
→ Some lotuses which/ that are born in the water
are unstained by it.
The Dharma is profound. The Buddha has
realised it.
→ The Dharma which/ that the Buddha has
realised is profound.
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3/ Possession :
The lady has a beautiful smile. She is Princess
Yasodhara.
→ The lady whose smile is beautiful is Princess
Yasodhara.
The bird is sitting in the tree. Its wings are hurt.
→ The bird whose wings are hurt is sitting in
the tree.
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Example:
- I know a lot of people who have stopped
eating meat.
- You can see people that have got rings.
- I only pierce young people whose parent
or guardian is with them.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
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FUNCTION:
Non-Defining Relative Clause is used:
1)to give extra information about a person or
a thing.
2)To comment on the situation described in
the first part of the sentence, before the
comma
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More EXAMPLE:
- My father, who is a wonderful cook, promised to
make a cake for my 18th birthday.
- Josia, who did not come to class yesterday,
explained his absence to the teacher.
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Practice
Activity 28 Task B
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Participle Clauses
Instead of using a full relative clause we can
sometimes use a participle clause.
Form Use Example
Present participle To say what the You can see many
person/thing is doing people wearing rings
everywhere.
=
You can see many
people who are wearing
earings everywhere.
Past participle To say what is/was I was looking at the walls
done to the person/thing covered with photos of
mentioned clients.
=
I was looking at the walls
which were covered
with photos of clients.
Prepositional Phrase
You can omit the relative pronoun and the
verb be when they are followed by a
prepositional phrase in DEFINING
Relative Clauses.
The computers in our classroom are fast.
= The computers that are in our classroom
are fast.
Prepositional Phrase
An adjective can also come before the
prepositional phrase.
ADJ. + PREP. PHRASE
Example:
- Young workers low in self-esteem are unusual.
- Students great at Mathematics have a chance to
join International Olympiad.
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EXERCISE
PART A: Supply the correct Relative Pronoun!
1. The man ___________ wallet was stolen called the police.
2. Did I tell you about the woman _________ I met last night?
3. We are studying sentences __________ contain adjective clauses.
4. I saw the girl _________ crashed to my car yesterday.
5. The meeting _________ I went to was interesting.
6. I apologized the man __________ tea I spilled.
7. I love the restaurant ___________ we first met.
8. I am reading a book _________ was written by Andrea Hirata.
9. The town ___________ I grew up is small.
10. I like a girl ____________ character is unique and unusual.
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EXERCISE
PART B: combine the two clauses in each
number. Put commas when necessary!
1. The book was good. I read it.
2. Mr. Brown is very proud of his son’s
achievement. His son won the spelling contest.
3. The building is very old. He lives in that building.
4. Hawaii is a favorite vacation spot. It consists of
eight principal islands.
5. Mr. Cart has a painting. The painting’s value is
inestimable.
EXERCISE
PART C: Decide whether the sentence below is
Defining (D) or Non-Defining (ND). Add commas to
the Non-Defining sentence.
1. (D / ND) Barbara who is a hairdresser has her own
beauty salon.
2. (D / ND)Bandung which is sometimes called Paris van
Java has been visited by many tourists.
3. (D / ND) I only pierce people who have commitment to
do body piercing.
4. (D / ND) We stayed in a hotel whose pool was not used
by the guests.
5. (D / ND) My eldest sister who is wearing the blue jacket
is going to get married.
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