CURRICULUM AND MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

Group: ALDO PRADANA (170402090073)

INNOSENSIUS DURUNG (170402090031)

1. Grammar Translation Method

The grammar translation method is an method second language instruction based mostly on
the translation of passages from the native language into the target language.
 Characterkstic
- The unit of teaching is word, not a sentence. It means vocabulary is taught in
the form of isolated words.
- It considers grammar as a soul of language.
- Grammatical rules of teaching of English are explained into mother tongue.
- This method does not help in development of linguistic competence of
learner.
- English grammar is taught through rules, translation, definition and
comparative study of mother tongue grammar.
- Grammar is taught deductively.
- The main function of language learning, communication is ignored.
- Reading and writing are the major focus.

2. Direct Method
A method of teaching a language through conversation, discussion, and reading in the
language itself without translation and without the study of formal grammar.
 Characteristic
- Grammar taught is only casual, and students are not required to memorize
grammatical formulas, but the main thing is students are able to speak the
language well.
- in the teaching process always uses aids (props) both in the form of direct
teaching aids, indirect (artificial objects) or demonstration through symbols
or certain movements.
- after entering class, students or students are really conditioned to receive
and converse in foreign languages, and are prohibited from using other
languages.

3. Structural method
A technique by which students are taught to master the pattern of sentences.
 Charcteristik
- Begins with the spoken language. Material is taught orally before it is
presented in written form.
- The target language is the language of the classroom.
- New language points are introduced and practiced situationally.
 - Vocabulary selection procedures are followed to ensure that an essential
general service vocabulary is covered.
- Items of grammar are graded following the principle that simple forms
should be taught before complex ones-inductively.
- Reading and writing are introduced once a sufficient lexical and grammatical
basis is established.

4. Reading method
Reading method is a technique used by teachers to teach English where in this method
students are required to continue reading
 Characteristic
- Prereading phase- where the individuals are engaged in a program of
experiences intended to enhance his oral language development to a level
equal to or greater than the level of materials for beginning reading. -
Develop his mental, physical; emotional, and social readiness for reading.
- Initial Reading Phase- makes the individual begin to use picture,context and
guide to recognize words and goes on to begin instruction in phonetic and
structural analysis techniques.
- Rapid Progress Phase- the reader expands his use of a variety of word
recognition techniques ( use of dictionary-meaning, spelling, and
pronunciation) -extends his vocabulary and comprehension skills.
- Extended Reading experience and Increasing Reading Efficiency Phase.-
individual uses -recognition techniques routinely.
- Phase of Enhancement in Reading Abilities, Attitudes, and Tastes – the
reader has attained independence in establishing and utilizing a number of
materials.

5. Audiolingual Method
The Audio-Lingual method is the method which focuses in repetition somewords to
memorize, from audio media
 Characteristic
- Language learning is habit-formation.
- Mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they are considered bad habits.
- Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first,
then in written form.
- Analogy is a better foundation for language learning than analysis.
- The meanings of words can be learned only in a linguistic and cultural
context.

6. Situational method
Is based on a structural view of language. Speech, structures and a focus on a set of basic
vocabulary items are seen as the basis of language teaching.
 Characteristic
 - Focus on both vocabulary and reading is the most salient trait of SLT. In fact,
mastery of a set of high-frequency vocabulary items is believed to lead to
good reading skills.
- An analysis of English and a classification of its prominent grammatical
structures into sentence patterns (also called situational tables) is believed
to help learners internalize grammatical rules.

7. Communicative method
Is an approachto language teaching that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the
ultimate goal of study.
 Charaterristic
- There is a combination of functional and structural aspects of language.
- Emphasize how the language is used,
- Emphasize the system or rules of language.