Intake manifold is the route through that air and air/fuel mixture are

inhaled to cylinder. At that time engine works as a pump that draws air
into intake manifold.
When engine is not operating, air
will not flow, and then intake
manifold pressure will be same
as atmospheric pressure. That's
why if you try to measure MAP
voltage at IG on which is not
engine operating, with Hi-Scan
Pro, it should show around 3.8 ~
4.2Voltage in current data.
When engine operates, throttle
valve located in intake manifold
will partly interrupt air flow.
Then pressure in intake manifold
will decrease getting lower than
atmospheric pressure to
generate partly vacuum in intake
manifold. If engine were a
perfect air pump and throttle Intake System Outline Diagram
valve is close, then intake
manifold pressure will be
absolute zero pressure, say
perfect vacuum. However an
actual engine cannot be a perfect
pump, and perfect vacuum is not
available, intake manifold's
absolute pressure is a little
above zero.

On the contrary when throttle valve is wide open, intake manifold

pressure will be approx. atmospheric pressure. As described above,
intake manifold's absolute pressure will vary from relatively low value to
just a little lower value than atmospheric pressure during engine
operation.
Like this, using this kind of pressure difference when throttling, is a
method to measure intake air flow by indirect pressure changing. This is
very commonly used regardless of both system and region these days
because of the production cost and convenience and it is called as
manifold absolute pressure(MAP) sensor. For air density compensation by
different intake temperature, intake air temperature sensor is attached
together. We call this as T_MAP sensor in technical term.

Picanto's manifold absolute

pressure(MAP) sensor is installed on the
surge tank. It detects intake manifold
pressure and sends it to the ECM. The
ECM calculates the air intake quantity
and controls fuel injection amount.

This sensor consists of

diaphragm, piezo-resistive
resistance. The piezo-resistive
resistance is located on the
diaphragm. The diaphragm is
deflected depending on the air
intake pressure. Accordingly
resistance is changed and output
voltage also changed. The MAP
sensor signal is sent to the ECM
to calculate the intake air
amount and it can be checked
by the current data. If any fault
code is present or current data
is wrong, check the sensor,
wiring and ECM.
The sensor terminal consists of 5-
volt supply from ECM, ground, IAT
sensor and MAP sensor. To check
the sensor power wire and ground
wire, measure the voltage at each
terminal.
To check the signal wire, measure
the waveform and voltage at the
signal wire depending on engine
condition. In addition, check the
signal wire and the ECM, perform
sensor simulation. And then, check
the current data to confirm
whether correct current data
outputs against the given voltage
or not.

Digital volt-meter or Hi-scan pro's multi meter function is commonly used

to measure sensor's supply voltage. With ignition switch on, measure
output voltage at sensor power supply and decide if there is specified
input 5 V reference voltage from ECM. It should be 5 Voltage regardless
of any conditions. If not, check wire from ECM supply line to MAP sensor
side and decide whether this problem comes from ECM side(ECM Pin No.
42) or wire problem. For confirming ECM reference supply voltage faulty,
try to measure another reference voltage supply line like TPS'.
Sensor output signal can be measured at signal line (ECM Pin NO. 37).
Then with ignition switch on (not starting up) output voltage shall be
approx. 3.8~4.2V, and during idling output voltage shall be approx.
0.8~1.6V. In addition connector's connection, and break and short at
supply side and ground side.
In case engine goes off sometimes, crank engine and shake MAP sensor
harness. Then if engine goes off, it may be decided as connector's poor
contact. If output value goes outside specified value with ignition switch
on (no cranking), MAP sensor or ECM may be faulty.
If MAP sensor output voltage is outside specified value but engine still
idles, the following defects other than MAP sensor itself's fault shall be
checked such as poor connection between surge tank and hose, imperfect
combustion inside cylinder, air leak at intake manifold, etc.
Another useful method to check
sensor problem is using vacuum
pump. At ignition switch on
condition, supply some vacuum
through some hole which is
directly connected to diaphragm
inside of MAP sensor and check
whether proportional voltage
increase happens or not. Of
course to check wire problem
with sensor itself's you can use
hi-scan pro's simulation scan
function.

P Code Description Threshold Condition1 Condition2 Time Mil On

P0108 Signal High >4.88V
1Sec after Engine Start
P0107 Signal Low <0.25V 5Sec. Yes
P0106 Rationality (RPM,TPS) No Faulty in TPS

Rationality Check with engine speed and TPS

The
measured
output by
MAP
should be
located
between
Max.
threshold
and Min.
threshold
which are
calculated
by engine
speed
with TPS.
If not,
rationality
check
fault code
shows.