Explanation of calculations

We’ve calculated the initial head (1.132656023 m) before T-joint (after globe valve) by
calculating 1 minor and 2 major losses and then subtracting them from initial head (1.2 m). The
minor losses comprise the losses in ball valve. The major losses comprise the losses in initial
length (1.3 m) up to ball valve and the length between ball valve and T-fitting (0.05 m). The
following formulae have been used during the calculation:
8flQ2
ℎ𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 =
𝜋 2 𝐷5 𝑔
𝐾𝐿 v 2
ℎ𝑙,𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 =
2𝑔
𝜌𝑣𝐷
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
𝜀 1.11
1 6.9
= −1.8 log(( 𝐷 ) + )
√𝑓 3.7 𝑅𝑒

Firstly, the Reynolds number is calculated for individual pipe lengths (different diameter). From
Reynolds number, we calculated the friction factor separately for the 2 segments. The flowrate
used was 5.37 L/min. Given the Q and f, we calculated major losses. For minor losses, we
incorporated the 𝐾𝐿 for the ball valve (1/3 closed); and got the initial head 1.132656023 m.
The static pressure heads, are then calculated by individually figuring out the major losses in
segments FG, GH etc. and minor losses in T-joints, and then subtracting their sum (Head loss =
𝒉𝒍,𝒎𝒂𝒋𝒐𝒓 + 𝒉𝒍,𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓) from the initial head.
The 𝐾𝐿 values for T-joints for in-line and branched flow is 0.2 and 1.0 respectively.
The overall network consists of two lengths T1FGHABDT2 and T1ECT2 whose lengths were
considered to be 4.6 m and 5.3 m respectively. The flowrate 5.37 liters/min was divided equally
on both sides, and consequently the Reynolds number and friction factor were calculated
separately for each segment.
The different joints and fittings utilized along with their loss-coefficients values and diagrams
are as under:
Fittings 𝑲𝑳 values
Regular 90 degree flanged, 0.3
 Line flow flanged, 0.2
Branch flow flanged, 1.0

The data along with calculations are demonstrated below:

 Initial Head Calculation

 Flowrate calculation (Hardy-Cross method):

 Static pressure heads calculation at different points: