Section A (A1) B C (A2) D E

Diameter (mm) 20.75 17.22 10.38 14.71 18

Diameter (m) 0.02075 0.01722 0.01038 0.01471 0.018
Cross- Sectional Area (m^2) 0.000338163 0.0002328929 0.000084622 0.00016995 0.000254469
Cross- Sectional Area (m^2) * 10^4 3.381629967 2.3289286076 0.846222539 1.69947675 2.544690049

Volume (L) Time to Fill (s) hA (mm) [h1]hB (mm) hC (mm) [h2]
1 10 54.96 285 265 10
2 10 58.34 270 255 20
3 10 59.25 260 245 25
4 10 61.25 250 235 27
5 10 65.06 240 225 30
6 10 67.5 220 210 35
7 10 70 210 200 35
8 10 75.65 200 185 35
9 10 76.5 190 180 35

Measured DifferTheoretical dif Loss ( Theoritical - Measured)

hB - hA -0.015 -0.003434621 0.01156538
hC - hA -0.25 -0.205929967 0.04407003
hD - hA -0.1 -0.038975693 0.06102431
hE - hA -0.07 0.005735596 0.0757356
hF - Ha -0.055 0.037873084 0.09287308
 F A1 20.75 h1 = hA
20.75 A2 10.38 h2 = hC
0.02075 g 9.81 A1 = AA
0.000338 A2 = AC
3.38163

hD (mm) hE (mm) hF (mm) Q measured/actual Q actual (x 1 u

175 210 220 1 0.000182 1.819505 2.399154
170 200 215 2 0.000171 1.714090 2.287504
165 190 205 3 0.000169 1.687764 2.217817
160 185 200 4 0.000163 1.632653 2.16045
155 180 190 5 0.000154 1.537043 2.096532
140 165 175 6 0.000148 1.481481 1.967785
140 160 170 7 0.000143 1.428571 1.913863
130 150 155 8 0.000132 1.321877 1.858377
125 145 150 9 0.000131 1.307190 1.801182

- Measured)

Discharge Cofficient vs Flow Rate

0.91
0.9
0.89
0.88
0.87
0.86
C

0.85
0.84
0.83
0.82
0.81
0.000100 0.000110 0.000120 0.000130 0.000140 0.000150 0.000160 0.000170 0.000180 0.000190

Q (m^3/s)
 Q(ideal) Q (x 10^-4)h1 - h2 (mC
0.0002030218 2.03 0.275 0.896212 89.621158
0.0001935737 1.94 0.25 0.885497 88.54972
0.0001876767 1.88 0.235 0.899293 89.929325
0.0001828221 1.83 0.223 0.893028 89.302804
0.0001774132 1.77 0.21 0.866363 86.636303
0.0001665184 1.67 0.185 0.88968 88.968032
0.0001619554 1.62 0.175 0.882077 88.207712
0.00015726 1.57 0.165 0.840568 84.056773
0.0001524201 1.52 0.155 0.857623 85.762283

ow Rate

0.000160 0.000170 0.000180 0.000190

Lab
 Table 1.
V (L) V(m^3) Time (s) V (L/s) h1 h2
1 20 0.02 37 0.0005405 540 420
2 20 0.02 40.1 0.0004988 525 415
3 20 0.02 42.47 0.0004709 510 415
4 20 0.02 44.88 0.0004456 495 410
5 20 0.02 49.06 0.0004077 480 410
6 20 0.02 54.94 0.0003640 465 405

Table 2.
V (L) V(m^3) Mitre Straight Pipe Elbow Enlargment
(h1-h2) (h2-h3) (h3-h4) (h5-h6)
1 20 0.02 120 40 97 -30
2 20 0.02 110 35 85 -30
3 20 0.02 95 35 75 -25
4 20 0.02 85 25 70 -20
5 20 0.02 70 25 60 -10
6 20 0.02 60 20 50 -15

Table 3.
V (L/s) V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
1 20 0.01459459 0.01135135 0.01027027 0.00764865 0.00743243
2 20 0.01309227 0.01034913 0.00947631 0.00735661 0.00710723
3 20 0.01200848 0.00977160 0.00894749 0.00718154 0.00694608
4 20 0.01102941 0.00913547 0.00857843 0.00701872 0.00679590
5 20 0.00978394 0.00835711 0.00784753 0.00662454 0.00642071
6 20 0.00846378 0.00737168 0.00700764 0.00609756 0.00600655

Table 4.
V (L/s) Re1 Re2 Re3 Re4 Re5
1 20 328.378 255.405 231.081 172.095 167.230
2 20 294.576 232.855 213.217 165.524 159.913
3 20 270.191 219.861 201.319 161.585 156.287
4 20 248.162 205.548 193.015 157.921 152.908
5 20 220.139 188.035 176.570 149.052 144.466
6 20 190.435 165.863 157.672 137.195 135.147

Table 5.
V (L/s) f1 f2 f3 f4 f5
1 20 0.195 0.251 0.277 0.372 0.383
2 20 0.217 0.275 0.300 0.387 0.400
3 20 0.237 0.291 0.318 0.396 0.410
4 20 0.258 0.311 0.332 0.405 0.419
5 20 0.291 0.340 0.362 0.429 0.443
6 20 0.336 0.386 0.406 0.466 0.474
 V (L/s) h1 h2 h3 h4 h5
1 20 0.000033854 2.6330918E-05 2.382321E-05 0.000017742 1.7240482E-05
2 20 3.0369201E-05 2.400613E-05 2.198152E-05 1.7064599E-05 1.6486138E-05
3 20 2.7855204E-05 2.266649E-05 2.075486E-05 1.6658505E-05 1.6112324E-05
4 20 2.5584138E-05 2.1190902E-05 1.989877E-05 1.6280815E-05 0.000015764
5 20 2.2695101E-05 1.9385399E-05 1.820336E-05 1.5366475E-05 1.489366E-05
6 20 1.9632822E-05 1.7099555E-05 1.625513E-05 1.4144076E-05 0.000013933

Table 6.
Mitre Straight Pipe Elbow Enlargment Contraction
V (L/s) (h1-h2) (h2-h3) (h3-h4) (h5-h6) (h7-h8)
1 20 7.5231194E-06 0 6.081188E-06 2.705739E-06 -1.1384225E-06
2 20 6.3630707E-06 0 4.916918E-06 2.6353197E-06 0.000000257
3 20 5.1887146E-06 0 4.096354E-06 2.826853E-06 -0.000000369
4 20 4.3932358E-06 0 0.000003618 2.9954674E-06 -9.2806233E-07
5 20 3.3097023E-06 0 2.836888E-06 3.2130628E-06 -1.5582117E-06
6 20 2.5332674E-06 0 2.111056E-06 2.8606237E-06 -0.000001594

Table 7.
Mitre Straight Pipe Elbow Enlargment Contraction
V (L/s) (h1-h2) (h2-h3) (h3-h4) (h5-h6) (h7-h8)
1 20 119.99999248 40 96.999993919 -30.000002706 55.0000011384
2 20 109.99999364 35 84.999995083 -30.000002635 79.999999743
3 20 94.999994811 35 74.999995904 -25.000002827 70.000000369
4 20 84.999995607 25 69.999996382 -20.000002995 60.0000009281
5 20 69.99999669 25 59.999997163 -10.000003213 45.0000015582
6 20 59.999997467 20 49.999997889 -15.000002861 45.000001594
 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10
380 283 275 305 305 250 205 145
380 295 285 315 315 235 230 175
380 305 295 320 320 250 245 200
385 315 305 325 325 265 260 220
385 325 315 325 325 280 275 245
385 335 330 345 345 300 295 270

Contraction Large Elbow

(h7-h8) (h9-h10)
55 60
80 55
70 45
60 40
45 30
45 25

V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V^2/2g (V1) V^2/2g (V2)

0.00824324 0.00824324 0.00675676 0.00554054 0.00391892 0.00001086 0.00000657
0.00785536 0.00785536 0.00586035 0.00573566 0.00436409 0.00000874 0.00000546
0.00753473 0.00753473 0.00588651 0.00576878 0.00470921 0.00000735 0.00000487
0.00724153 0.00724153 0.00590463 0.00579323 0.00490196 0.00000620 0.00000425
0.00662454 0.00662454 0.00570730 0.00560538 0.00499389 0.00000488 0.00000356
0.00627958 0.00627958 0.00546050 0.00536949 0.00491445 0.00000365 0.00000277

Re6 Re7 Re8 Re9 Re10

244.000 244.000 152.027 124.662 88.176
232.519 232.519 131.858 129.052 98.192
223.028 223.028 132.446 129.798 105.957
214.349 214.349 132.854 130.348 110.294
196.086 196.086 128.414 126.121 112.362
185.876 185.876 122.861 120.814 110.575

f6 f7 f8 f9 f10
0.262 0.262 0.421 0.513 0.726
0.275 0.275 0.485 0.496 0.652
0.287 0.287 0.483 0.493 0.604
0.299 0.299 0.482 0.491 0.580
0.326 0.326 0.498 0.507 0.570
0.344 0.344 0.521 0.530 0.579
 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10
1.4534743E-05 1.453474E-05 1.56732E-05 0.000012852 9.09044E-06
1.3850818E-05 1.385082E-05 1.35938E-05 1.33046E-05 1.01231E-05
1.3285471E-05 1.328547E-05 1.36545E-05 1.33814E-05 1.09236E-05
1.2768496E-05 1.27685E-05 1.36966E-05 1.34381E-05 1.13707E-05
1.1680598E-05 1.16806E-05 1.32388E-05 1.30024E-05 0.000011584
1.1072347E-05 1.107235E-05 1.26663E-05 1.24552E-05 1.13997E-05

Large Elbow
(h9-h10)
3.7615597E-06
3.1815353E-06
2.4578122E-06
2.0674051E-06
1.4184438E-06
1.0555281E-06

Large Elbow
(h9-h10)
59.999996238
54.999996818
44.999997542
39.999997933
29.999998582
24.999998944
 Given Information
Regular Diameter (1) Enlarge Diameter (2) Area 1 Area 2
1 22.5 29.6 397.60782022 688.13445484
2 0.0225 0.0296 0.0003976078 0.0006881345
Viscosity Viscosity
0.000001
Gravity
9.81

V^2/2g (V3) V^2/2g (V4) V^2/2g (V5) V^2/2g (V6) V^2/2g (V7) V^2/2g (V8)
0.00000538 0.00000298 0.00000282 0.00000346 0.00000346 0.00000233
0.00000458 0.00000276 0.00000257 0.00000315 0.00000315 0.00000175
0.00000408 0.00000263 0.00000246 0.00000289 0.00000289 0.00000177
0.00000375 0.00000251 0.00000235 0.00000267 0.00000267 0.00000178
0.00000314 0.00000224 0.00000210 0.00000224 0.00000224 0.00000166
0.00000250 0.00000190 0.00000184 0.00000201 0.00000201 0.00000152
 mm
m

V^2/2g (V9) V^2/2g (V10)

0.00000156 0.00000078
0.00000168 0.00000097
0.00000170 0.00000113
0.00000171 0.00000122
0.00000160 0.00000127
0.00000147 0.00000123
 Density

Depth of
Water level centroid (hbar) Pressure at Centroid (pbar) Force on flat Distance from
Mass [kg] (y) [m] [m] [Pa] [N/m^2] surface (Fs) [N] pivot [m]
1 0.0981 0.025 0.0125 245.25 1.71675 0.224167
2 0.2943 0.04 0.02 392.40 2.74680 0.021667
3 0.3924 0.045 0.0225 441.45 3.09015 0.014537
4 0.4905 0.05 0.025 490.50 3.43350 0.008333
5 0.6867 0.06 0.03 588.60 4.12020 -0.002222
6 0.8829 0.067 0.0335 657.27 4.60089 -0.008624
7 1.0791 0.074 0.037 725.94 5.08158 -0.014477
8 1.2753 0.08 0.04 784.80 5.49360 -0.019167

Moment from pressure vs. Moment from mass

Moment from pressure vs. Moment from mass

0.4000000

0.3500000

0.3000000

0.2500000
Water Level (m)

0.2000000

0.1500000

0.1000000

0.0500000

0.0000000
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07

Moments from pressure and mass (N*m)

 1000 Gravity 9.81 Area 7000 mm I 5.8333333E-06 a 100
0.007 m 0.1
Moment from
pressure (Ms) Moment from
[Nm] mass (Mm) [Nm]
0.1359094 0.0279585
0.1693860 0.0838755
0.1839784 0.111834
0.2002875 0.1397925
0.2380560 0.1957095
0.2685798 0.2516265
0.3024685 0.3075435
0.3341940 0.3634605

Moment from mass respective to Water level

Moment from
pres s ure (Ms ) [Nm]

Moment from ma s s
(Mm) [Nm]

05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

sure and mass (N*m)

b 70 Length 285
0.07 0.285