ROLE OF DATA WAREHOUSING & DATA

MINING IN E-GOVERNANCE

Dr. Kishori Lal Bansal, Associate Professor, Dept. Satish Sood, Research Scholar, Department of
of Computer Science, H.P. University, Summer Computer Science, H.P. University, Summer Hill,
Hill, Shimla-171005 India Shimla-171005 India
Abstract—While E- technologies to transform dissemination to citizens speedy, transparent,
Governance is defined as the efficiency, using electronic means accountable, efficient and
being accessible effectiveness, providing the following effective interaction with
electronically to provide transparency and benefits over the the public, citizens,
the public with relevant accountability of conventional system. business and other
information besides informational & agencies.
facilitating communication transactional exchanges  Increased efficiency
between different in various In the back-office, the
with in Government,
government sector, E-
between Government and Governmental internal objective of E-
Government refers to processes Government in
government use of
Government agencies of
National, State,  Transparency and government operations is
electronic resources and to facilitate a speedy,
technology to conduct its Municipal & Local anticorruption in all
levels, citizen & transparent, accountable,
business. It refers to the transactions
efficient and effective
application of information businesses, and to  Empowerment of
empower citizens through process for performing
and communication citizens and government
technology (ICT) by the access & use of encouragement of
information. administration activities.
government with the aim their participation in Significant cost savings
of exchanging information Governments deal with governance.
and services among large amount of data. To (per transaction) in
different arms of government operations
ensure that such data is The main objective of E-
government, and with its put to an effective use in can be the result.
citizens and businesses. Governance is to change
facilitating decision- organization into e- II. DATA
This could be done by any making, a data warehouse
government, anywhere in organization. An e- WAREHOUSE
and data mining organization needs to
the world. Governments techniques can be Data warehousing is one
deal with large amount of focus on the following of the key data
adopted. It permits things:-
data. To ensure that such management
data is put to an effective
several types of queries
requiring complex  develop customer technologies to support
use in facilitating decision data mining. Several
making, a data warehouse analysis on data to be orientation
addressed by decision- organizations are
and Data Mining  manage customer
makers. E-Governance is building their own
techniques are used over relationships
the historical data. It an emerging field, faced warehouses. Commercial
 streamline business database system vendors
permits several types of with various
processes are marketing
queries requiring complex implementation problems
analysis on data to be related to technology,  communicate better warehousing products. In
addressed by decision employees, flexibility  organize information addition, some
makers. In this paper the and change related issues,  work more flexibly companies are
focus is on the scope and to mention a few. Global  make better specializing only in
use of Data Warehousing shifts towards increased decisions. developing data
& Data Mining in all the deployment of IT  coordinate activities warehouses. What then is
dimensions of E- infrastructure by a data warehouse? The
Governance like better
governments emerged idea behind this is that it
Government to Citizen is often cumbersome to
with the advent of the Regarding E-Government
(G2C), Government to access data from the
Government (G2G) and
World Wide Web. With a distinction can be made
the increase in Internet heterogeneous databases.
Government to Business between the objectives
and mobile connections, Several processing
(G2B). The efficiency of for internally focused
the citizens are learning modules need to
Government can be processes (operations)
to exploit their new mode cooperate with each other
increased by using the and objectives for
Data Warehouses and of access in wide ranging to process a query in a
externally focused
Data Mining. ways. They have started heterogeneous
services.
expecting more and more environment. Therefore,
Keywords-Data information and services The external objective of a data warehouse will
Mining;Warehouse;E- online from governments E-Government is to fulfil bring together the
Governance and corporate the public’s needs and essential data from the
organizations to enhance expectations satisfactory heterogeneous databases.
I. INTRODUCTION their civic, professional on the front-office side, This way the users need
E-Governance is the and personal lives. by simplifying the to query only the
application of interaction with various warehouse. Data
information & E-governance is the online services. The use warehouse design
communication process of service of ICT in government depends to a great extent
delivery and information operations facilitates on the application
utilizing them. They
integrate diverse and
possibly heterogeneous
data sources. They are
persistent. That is, the
warehouse is very much
like a database. They
vary with time. This is
because as the data
sources from which the
warehouse s built get
updated, the changes
have to be reflected in the
warehouse. Essentially
data warehouses provide
support to decision
support functions of an
enterprise or an
organization. For
example, while the data
sources may have the raw
data, the data warehouse
may have correlated data,
summary reports, and
aggregate functions
applied to the raw data.
With a data warehouse,
data may often be viewed
differently by different
applications. That is, the
data is multidimensional.
For example, the payroll
department may want
data to be in a certain
format while the project
department may want
data to be in a different
format. The warehouse
must provide support for
such multidimensional
data. In integrating the
data sources to form the
warehouse, a challenge is
to analyze the application
and select appropriate
data to be placed in the
warehouse. At times,
some computations may
have to be performed so
that only summaries and
averages are stored in the
data warehouse.
III. DATA MINING
Data mining is the
process of posing various
queries and extracting
useful information,
patterns, and trends often
previously unknown from
large quantities of data  Case based IV. ROLE OF DATA
possibly stored in reasoning WAREHOUSE IN E-
databases. Essentially, for (CBR): The GOVERNANCE
many organizations, the main idea Data warehouse is a
goals of data mining underlying this subject-oriented,
include improving method is very integrated, time-variant,
marketing capabilities, simple. To non-volatile collection of
detecting abnormal forecast a future data, cutting across the
patterns, and predicting situations, or to enterprise. Until there is a
the future based on past make a correct repository of accurate
experiences and current decision, such data across the enterprise
trends. There is clearly a systems find the value chain, application
need for this technology. closest past of mining tools to
There are large amounts analogs of the analyze and aid in
of current and historical present strategic government
data being stored. situations and decisions is impossible.
Therefore, as databases choose the same Currently, in most
become large, it becomes solution, which enterprises, the most
increasingly difficult to was the right difficult and resource
support decision making. one in those past consuming stage of
In addition, the data situations. That development and
could be from multiple is why this deployment is data
sources and multiple method is also warehouse and mining
domains. There is a clear called the application development.
need to analyze the data nearest
to support planning and neighbour At times, government
other functions of an method. departments might come
enterprise. across shortages of
 Decision Trees: resources in one
There are various data Tree shaped
department and excess of
mining techniques structures that resources in the other.
available with their represent set of
This could due to non-
suitability depends on the decisions. These availability of proper data
domain application. decisions
and facilities to
Some of the techniques generate rules disseminate information.
of data mining are: for the
Even if government
 Neural classification of departments are
Networks: the data set. computerized and
Neural networked more for the
Choosing the best
Networks are algorithm to use for a purpose of Internet usage
well suited to specific business task can and mail transfer, the
tackle problems be a challenge. While we information available in
that people are can use different on department, which
good at solving algorithms to perform the posses the data might not
like predictions same business task, each be utilized by other
and pattern algorithm produces a departments. This is
recognition. different result, and some because the information
algorithms can produce is stored in different
 Rule Induction:
more than one type of formats, in different
The extraction result. We also do not platforms and in
of useful if-then heterogeneous data base
have to use algorithms
rules from data independently. In a single systems. A look at the
based on information requirements
data mining solution we
statistical can use some algorithms at each level and the
significance. information flow across
to explore data, and then
Rule induction use other algorithms to levels shows a pattern.
method has the While information that
predict a specific
potential to use outcome based on that flows from top (fund
retrieved cases sanction, allocation and
data.
for predictions. disbursement details) is
split up to generate time to generate. An need to depend on V. ROLE OF DATA
information for lower information warehouse their IT staff. MINING IN E-
levels, information that can deliver strategic GOVERNANCE
flows from grass root intelligence to the  Decision makers can
perform extensive It is well known that in
level (such as decision makers and
analysis of stored Information Technology
expenditure details, provide an insight into
data to provide (IT) driven society,
benefits details, the overall situation. This
answers to the knowledge is one of the
beneficiary detail etc.) is greatly facilitates
exhaustive queries to most significant assets of
consolidated to generate decision-makers in taking
the administrative any organization. The
information for higher micro level decisions in a
cadre. This helps role of IT in E-
levels. This pattern timely manner without
them to formulate Governance is well
makes the entire vertical the need to depend on
more effective established. The
domain of E-Governance their IT staff.
strategies and importance of collecting
framework, an ideal for
Benefits of a data policies for citizen data that reflect the
development of data
warehouse for E- facilitation. business or scientific
warehousing and use of
Governance: activities or services to
data mining applications.  Citizens are the achieve competitive
Data warehouse can be ultimate advantage is widely
Need for data
warehouse: beneficial to both the beneficiaries of the recognized now.
Government decision new policies Powerful systems for
Governments deal with makers and citizens. The formulated by the collecting data and
enormous amount of benefits can be decision makers and managing it in large
data. In order that such summarized as follows: policy planners. databases are already in
data is put to an effective place in most large and
use in facilitating  A Data Warehouse  Citizens can get the
allows reduction of answers of their mid range government
decision-making, a data sectors. However, the
warehouse is constructed staff and computer queries whose
resources required to answers will already bottleneck of turning this
over the historical data. It data in to success is the
permits several types of support queries and be there in the
reports against database. difficulty of extracting
queries requiring knowledge about the
complex analysis on data operational
databases. This  Citizens can have system that is studied
to be addressed by easy access to the from collected data.
decision-makers. typically offers
significant savings. Government policies
of the state.  What services should
When used properly, it Having a Data be promoted to the
can help planners and Warehouse also  The Government can clients?
decision makers in eliminates the maintain better
making informed resource drain on client’s relationships  What is the
decisions leading to production systems by correlating all probability that
positive impact on when executing long clients’ data via a certain clients will
targeted group of running, complex single Data respond to the
citizens. However to use queries and reports. Warehouse planned services?
information to its fullest architecture.
potential, the planners  Decision makers do  Will the client
and decision makers need not have to deal with  A Data Warehouse default on a loan or
instant access to relevant the heterogeneous that is based upon pay back on
data in a properly information enterprise-wide, data schedule?
summarized form. In generated by various requirements
state-level  What medical
spite of taking lots of provides a cost- diagnosis should be
initiative from computerization effective means of
projects as they can assigned to the
computerization, the establishing both patient?
Government decision access current data data standardization
makers are currently with a high and operational  How large the peak
having difficulty in granularity from the system loads of a telephone
obtaining meaningful information interoperability. Data or energy network
information in a timely warehouse. Warehouse are going to be?
manner because they  Decision makers can development can be
 Why the facility
have to request and take micro-level an effective first step
suddenly starts to
depend on IT staff for decisions in a timely in reengineering the
produce defective
making special reports manner without the enterprise’s legacy
services?
which often takes long systems.
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