ROBERT HOOKE

-He coined the term “cell” which is the

basic biological unit of all living things
1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. All cells come only from preexisting cells
 3. Cells are the
smallest
structural and
functional unit of
organisms
Description: It is the outermost boundary of animal cells. It is a
semipermeable membrane that is composed of phospholipid
bilayer with embedded proteins
Function: To protect the
cell and regulates the
movement of materials
in and out of the cell.
Description: It covers the largest area within the cell and consists
of semifluid portion called “cytosol”. It is mainly composed of
water, salts, and proteins
Function: It contains
and holds the
organelles where the
main life activities of
the cell occur.
 Organelles are the
membrane-bound
parts of the cell that
performed a specific
function.
 Description: It is covered by
a membrane (nuclear
membrane) and consists of
nuclear pores. Inside it, the
nucleolus and chromatin
can be found.

Nucleolus- it functions to
synthesize proteins (RNA)

Chromatin- contains the DNA

and protein called “Histones”
Function:
 Command center of the
cell.
 It contains the DNA or
genetic information that is
responsible to determine
the traits of the cell
Description: These are the tiny spherical structures that may be
found free or attached, singly or in groups.
Function:
They are the sites where
protein molecules are formed.
Description: This is an interconnecting membranous network of
vesicles, tubules, and flattened sacs (cisternae).
 ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (rER)
 It is characterized by the
presence of ribosomes
attached to it.
 It functions to be the site of
protein synthesis

SOFT ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM (sER)
 It doesn’t have ribosomes.
 It functions to be the site of
lipid and steroid synthesis.
 Description: These are
flattened stacks of disc likes
membranes were named after
Camillo Golgi, the scientists
who discovered it in 1898
Function:
It chemically modified,
packed, and sealed off
proteins from ribosomes in
small packets for
absorption in different
parts of the cell and the
body.
 Description: These are
spherical to elongated
structures that are found
dispersed in the cytoplasm.
Function:
It is known as the
“powerhouse of the cell”
because it serves as the
energy producing
organelle that produces
ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) from
cellular respiration
 Description:
These are membranous
storage sacs in cells,
usually either food vacuoles
or water vacuoles.
Function:
 Food vacuole- storage
of food.
 Water and Contractile
vacuole- removal of
nitrogenous waste and
storage of water.
Description: These are dark
spherical bodies prominent
in the cytoplasm.
Function:
 Hydrolysis or breaking
down of chemical
compounds to simpler ones

 It is known as the suicide

bag which destroy worn-
out organelles in the cell
through phagocytosis
Description: Sac containing
specific enzymes for
oxidizing small molecules.

Function:
Helps detoxify harmful
compounds like hydrogen
peroxide. It is usually in
kidney and liver cells that
help remove toxins in blood.
Description: It is the framework of most cells consists of network
of microtubules and filaments.
Function:
 Maintains the shape of
the cell
 Assists in the movement
of cell and organelle
Description: These are rod like structures located within the
microtubule organizing center of an animal cell.
Function:
 Determines the plane of division during cell division.
Description: It is the outermost part of the plant cell. This is
relatively rigid.
Function:
 It supports and defines the
shape of plant cell
 It protect the cell from
mechanical injury and
invasion of microorganism
Description: These are double membrane bound organelles that
contain the green pigment “chlorophyll”.
Function:
 It contains the pigment
chlorophyll that identify the
color of the plant.
 It is where photosynthesis
happens.
 PART OF THE CELL PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
Cell membrane present present
Cell wall present absent
Centrioles absent present
Chloroplasts present absent
Endoplasmic Reticulum present present
Golgi Apparatus present present
Lysosomes mostly absent present
Mitochondria present present
Nucleus present present
Ribosomes present present
Vacuoles present present