5/4/2019 Difference Between RISC and CISC Architectures and its Applications

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What is The Difference Between RISC and

Architecture
ELECTRONICS

The architecture of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) operates the capacity to function from “Instruction S
where it was designed. The architectural design of the CPU is Reduced instruction set computing (RI
instruction set computing (CISC). CISC has the capacity to perform multi-step operations or addressing
instruction set. It is the CPU design where one instruction works several low-level acts. For instance, memo
from memory, and an arithmetic operation. Reduced instruction set computing is a Central Processing Un
based on the vision that basic instruction set gives a great performance when combined with a microproc
which has the capacity to perform the instructions by using some microprocessor cycles per instruction. Th
the di erence between the RISC and CISC architecture. The hardware part of the Intel is named as Comp
Computer (CISC), and Apple hardware is Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC).

Difference-between-RISC-and-CISC

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Difference between RISC and CISC Architecture

Before we discuss the di erences between the RISC and CISC architecture let us know about the concepts of R

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What is RISC?
A reduced instruction set computer is a computer which only uses simple commands that can be div
instructions which achieve low-level operation within a single CLK cycle, as its name proposes “Reduced Instr

RISC Architecture
The term RISC stands for ‘’Reduced Instruction Set Computer’’. It is a CPU design plan based on simple orders

RISC Architecture

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5/4/2019 Difference Between RISC and CISC Architectures and its Applications

This is small or reduced set of instructions. Here, every instruction is expected to attain very small jobs. In
instruction sets are modest and simple, which help in comprising more complex commands. Each instructio
length; these are wound together to get compound tasks done in a single operation. Most commands are
machine cycle. This pipelining is a crucial technique used to speed up RISC machines.

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assembly machine

What is CISC?
A complex instruction set computer is a computer where single instructions can perform numerous low-leve
load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store or are accomplished by multi-step proces
modes in single instructions, as its name proposes “Complex Instruction Set ”.

CISC Architecture
The term CISC stands for ‘’Complex Instruction Set Computer’’. It is a CPU design plan based on single com
skilled in executing multi-step operations.

CISC Architecture

CISC computers have small programs. It has a huge number of compound instructions, which takes a long
Here, a single set of instruction is protected in several steps; each instruction set has additional than 300 sep
Maximum instructions are finished in two to ten machine cycles. In CISC, instruction pipelining is not easily im

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5/4/2019 Difference Between RISC and CISC Architectures and its Applications

Difference between RISC and CISC Architecture

Difference between RISC and CISC

RISC CISC

1. RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. 1. CISC stands for Complex Instruction Se
2. RISC processors have simple instructions taking about 2. CSIC processor has complex instruction
one clock cycle. The average clock cycle per instruction multiple clocks for execution. The average
(CPI) is 1.5 instruction (CPI) is in the range of 2 and 15
3. Performance is optimized with more focus on software 3. Performance is optimized with more focu
4. It has no memory unit and uses a separate hardware to 4. It has a memory unit to implement comp
implement instructions..
5. It has a hard-wired unit of programming. 5. It has a microprogramming unit.
6. The instruction set is reduced i.e. it has only a few 6. The instruction set has a variety of differ
instructions in the instruction set. Many of these instructions that can be used for complex operations.
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5/4/2019 Difference Between RISC and CISC Architectures and its Applications

are very primitive.

7. The instruction set has a variety of different instructions 7. CISC has many different addressing mo
that can be used for complex operations. be used to represent higher-level programm
statements more efficiently.
8. Complex addressing modes are synthesized using the 8. CISC already supports complex address
software.
9. Multiple register sets are present 9. Only has a single register set
10. RISC processors are highly pipelined 10. They are normally not pipelined or less
11. The complexity of RISC lies with the compiler that 11. The complexity lies in the microprogram
executes the program
12. Execution time is very less 12. Execution time is very high
13. Code expansion can be a problem 13. Code expansion is not a problem
14. Decoding of instructions is simple. 14. Decoding of instructions is complex
15. It does not require external memory for calculations 15. It requires external memory for calculat
16. The most common RISC microprocessors are Alpha, 16. Examples of CISC processors are the S
ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, PIC, Power VAX, PDP-11, Motorola 68000 family, AMD
Architecture, and SPARC. CPUs.
17. RISC architecture is used in high-end applications such 17. CISC architecture is used in low-end ap
as video processing, telecommunications and image as security systems, home automation, etc
processing.

This article discusses the concepts of RISC, CISC and its di erences. We hope that you have got a better und
concept. Furthermore, for any doubts regarding this concept, or implementation of any electrical and electron
give your feedback by commenting on the comment section below

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16 Comments

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5/4/2019 Difference Between RISC and CISC Architectures and its Applications

Charlie Richard Says:

at
Which is better, RISC or CISC?

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Charlie Richard
RISC has many more advantages over CISC.So RISC is better

Manish Maurya Says:

at
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Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Manish Maurya
No, we don’t take any classes.

Chitrakala Says:
at
Very useful. clear & crisp explanation

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Hi Chitrakala
Thank you so much for your feedback.

Anuj Gandhat Says:

at
thanks for risc and cisc very helpful

Tarun Agarwal Says:

at
Anuj Gandhat,
Thanks for the compliment.
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5/4/2019 Difference Between RISC and CISC Architectures and its Applications

Ashok Amirtharaj Says:

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Nice…..this help me prepare my exams….

Tarun Agarwal Says:

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Hi Ashok Amritraj
Thank you so much for your feedback.

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Hello john doe,
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