12/12/2018 Education system

in India
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Introduction
Education: is about teaching, learning skills and knowledge. Education
also means helping people to learn how to do things and encouraging them
to think about what they learn. It is also important for educators to teach
ways to find and use information.
Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private
sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: central, state and local.
Under various articles of the Indian Constitution, free and compulsory
education is provided as a fundamental right to children between the ages of 6 and
14. The ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5.
At the primary and secondary level, India has a large private school system
complementing the government run schools, with 29% of students receiving
private education in the 6 to 14 age group. Certain post-secondary technical
schools are also private. The private education market in India had a revenue of
US$450 million in 2008, but is projected to be a US$40 billion market.
The basic divisions in the academics include primary, secondary, senior
secondary and higher education. Elementary education is till standard 8 while
secondary and higher secondary education consists two years each. Graduation is
between three to five years depending on the course after which there is an option
for post-graduation (a two-year course) and research.

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Re-define the purpose of the education system

Our education system is still a colonial education system. We may have the most
number of engineering graduates in the world, but that certainly has not translated
into much technological innovation here. Rather, we are busy running the call
centres of the rest of the world – that is where our engineering skills end.
The goal of our new education system should be to create entrepreneurs,
innovators, artists, scientists, thinkers and writers who can establish the foundation
of a knowledge based economy rather than the low-quality service provider nation
that we are turning into.

Allow private capital in education

The government cannot afford to provide higher education to all the people in
the country. It is too costly for the government to do so. The central government
spends about 4% of budget expenditure on education, compared to 40% on
defense. Historically, the government just did not have enough money to spend on
even opening new schools and universities, forget overhauling the entire system
and investing in technology and innovation related to the education system.

Allowing profit making will encourage serious entrepreneurs, innovators and

investors to take interest in the education sector. The government does not have
enough money to provide higher education of reasonable quality to all of us, and it
has no excuse to prevent private capital from coming into the educational sector.

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Through education, the knowledge of society, country, and of

the world is passed on from generation to generation. This may include
education in morality, for example learning how to act as loyal, honest and
effective citizens.
Education may help and guide individuals from one class to other.
Educated individuals and groups can do things that the less educated
cannot.

 Types of education:

There are different ways to categorize education, for example by age or

subject. One way is to divide it into formal education, non-formal
education and informal education.

1. Formal education: is usually in school, where a person may learn

basic, academic, or trade skills. Small children often attend
a nursery or kindergarten but often formal education begins in elementary
school and continues with secondary school. Post-secondary education (or
higher education) is usually at a college or university which may grant
an academic degree.

2. Non-formal education: includes adult basic education,

adult literacy education or school equivalency preparation. In Non-formal
education someone (who is not in school) can learn literacy, other basic
skills or job skills. Home education, individualized instruction(such
as programmed learning), distance learning and computer-assisted
instruction are other possibilities.

3. Informal education: is less organized. It may be a parent teaching a

child how to prepare a meal or ride a bicycle. People can also get an
informal education by reading many books from a library or
educational websites. This may also be called self-education.

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 History of education in the Indian subcontinent:

The history of education began with teaching of traditional elements

such as Indian religions, Indian mathematics, Indian logic at
early Hindu and Buddhist centers of learning such as ancient
Takshashila (in modern-day Pakistan) and Nalanda (in India) before the
common era. Islamic Education became ingrained with the establishment
of the Islamic empires in the Indian subcontinent in the middle Ages while
the coming of the Europeans later brought western education to colonial
India. A series of measures continuing throughout the early half of the 20th
century ultimately laid the foundation of education in the Republic of
India, education in Pakistan and much of South Asia.

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IMPACT OF EDUCATION

Education is becoming one of the most important factors to a person’s

success in today’s society. Whether a person is living in poverty or among
the wealthiest in the world, education is necessary to advance in any
situation. National Public Radio is calling education “the most
important revolution of our time.” Yet, still so many people ask the
question: “Why is education so important?” Let’s look at five positive
effects of education in our society:
1. Education Decreases Poverty:

About 61 million children are not enrolled in primary school. Of these

kids, 40 million live in poverty. It is hardest for those living below the
poverty line to even imagine sending their kids to school because in many
countries, obtaining an education is not free. If there must be a choice
between eating a meal and educating a child, most families would choose
eating a meal. Boys are often kept out of school so they can work and bring
in money for the family, while girls are kept out to farm, cook and do other
things in the home that are needed to keep the family functioning.

If those living in poverty can get an education, they can pull

themselves out of those living conditions. They can find a job and earn an
income, which is a key part to ending poverty. They can become self-
sufficient and independent from outside aid. An education is an invaluable
tool for anyone living in poverty today.

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2. Education Promotes Health:

People who have an education are significantly healthier than those

who are not. Maternal health benefits hugely from education. A child who is
born to an educated mother is 50 percent more likely to survive past the
age of five. In the same way, every additional year of education a mother
has lowers the child mortality rate by two percent. Educated mothers are
twice as likely to immunize their children, and are more likely to seek
prenatal care and assisted childbirth.

Another area in which health could improve with education is

decreasing the cases of HIV/AIDS. If every child in the world receives a
primary education, seven million cases of HIV could be avoided in the next
10 years. A secondary education lowers people’s risk of HIV by 75 percent.
Such a strong correlation has been seen that education is considered a
“social vaccine” for girls in avoiding HIV.

3. Education Closes the Gender Gap:

For many years, women were not allowed to attend school or obtain
an education. Because of this, there is a large gender gap, which only
creates further problems. Women who gain an education are working
toward minimizing the gap to further the abilities of women around the
world. An education often prevents young girls from being married off into a
potentially limiting, harmful situation. Additionally, women with an education
are able to make better, informed decisions for themselves. They often wait
longer to have children than those who do not have an education. This
ensures that the woman is ready to have children, rather than just being
pressured into it by her husband or society. Women with an education have
on average three children, while uneducated women have on average
seven children.

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4. Education Minimizes Malnutrition:

Malnutrition is a severe problem that many poor countries are facing

today. Education has the potential to decrease malnutrition in these
countries. According to USAID, educating girls is one of the best ways to
fight hunger, even outperforming temporarily increasing a country’s food
supply. Education can provide people with new, more effective farming
techniques, which can increase crop production and decrease malnutrition.
Additionally, studies show that if women farmers had the same education
as men farmers, crop production could rise by up to 20 percent.

5. Education Provides Economic Growth:

In order for a country to see steady economic growth, education must

be a priority. For every year of education, a person’s average earnings
increase by 10 percent. This means that the GDP could increase by one
percent every year if all citizens receive a quality education. With regard to
women, if girls receive the same education as boys, developing countries
could gain up to $90 billion each year. No country in history has seen a
steady economic increase without at least 40 percent literacy rate.
Education also increases a person’s chance at obtaining a steady job. By
earning an income, people contribute to the country’s economy as a whole.

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Advantages of education system in India

 With the advancement of education, India has seen a great development in
the field of economy.

 People are less unemployed and some of them are even self-employed.
One of the best positive things is that the child labor has gone down to a
great extent. There are also reservation systems available for the socially
deprived people. The present statistics is 7.5% of the schedule tribes, 15%
for the schedule castes and 27% of the other backward class.

 Presently there are mainly two boards apart from the state boards
imparting education till higher secondary, that is, ICSE and CBSE. Added to
this there are also Open Universities providing study at home facility. Our
education system makes our theoretical knowledge of the subjects very
strong which is very important for conducting research.

 India grants Right to Education to every child so that every child gets
compulsory schooling. Government schools provide free education to all
its students so that no one is deprived of education.

 Our educational curriculum has a wide range of subjects from the

school level itself starting from the regular subjects like science, English
etc to the subjects for honing extra-curricular skills like painting, music,
dance etc. I agree these subjects are available at very few schools and
many students don't take up such subjects but things are changing
gradually.

 Our education system has a compulsory moral education subject for

building good moral amongst the students.

 India have the world's largest university i.e. IGNOU. This university
provides cheap education to the students in every corner of the country.
There is no age bar for the students to take admission in this university
and even jail prisoners can pursue education through this university.
Most importantly the degree awarded by this university is at par with
other universities.

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 Some of the educational institutions are excellent and several foreign

students come there to pursue higher education such as the IITs, IIMs,
ISI,Kolkata etc.

Disadvantages of education system in India

1. Rural Schooling: Roughly 80% of our village students
cannot learn basic math. Many people cannot recognize
alphabets. Sanitation facilities are pathetic in some of the
deepest villages in India.
2. Alumni involvement: Foreign University usually keeps
alumni meets. Comparing to India. It don’t give much
importance to alumni involvement. Alumni meet mostly limits
to having dinner together, meetups and party. This step has got a
lot of scope because it improves quality of education to next
generations.
3. Foreign investments: Very few schools and colleges in India
have collaboration programmes and international scholarship
programmes with foreign universities. Its good to connect up
with other countries and make students interact with each other.
It gives more scope for exchange of ideas between the two
countries. We have a huge pool of talent in India, which any
foreign university can utilize.
4. Limited job opportunities: We have a lot of job
opportunities in the field we study. For example, the number of
engineers produced per million in India is lowest( lower
compared to countries like New Zealand and Japan which have
lesser population than India).
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India produces the lowest number of engineers despite an

increase in the number of colleges.
All the more a reason to bring in foreign investments and a job-
oriented economy into India. More employment opportunities,
more job- satisfaction. More efficiency.
5.Lack of research funding:
Another area of disappointment for our students. Getting a
license for a new invention or a patent itself is a highly
bureaucratic process. Not much funds go in scientific research.

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Significance of Education In Our Life

 Makes better citizen
 Education makes a worthy contribution to our lives.
 Education open our mind and expands our horizon.
 It enables us to understand our duties as a citizen.

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Challenges in present education system

 Lack of will to learn in youth:

The students are unable to adjust for long period in class room, the
ability of teachers to inspire students is decreasing day by day. Because of
this, people are becoming bookish knowledge in present education system.

 Quality of teaching:

The very recent graduates are appointed as teachers which affect a lot,
this is all done because the managements can reduce their burden of
spending money for experienced ones.

 Infrastructure:

The infrastructure provided today in any college is not that sufficient as it

should be. In government school there is no proper class rooms, staffs,
teachers etc.

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Conclusion

According to the information above we concluded that education system

in India needs to evaluate the needs of schools , so it can be more
innovative to meet the needs of all their students. It signals that the future
success for secondary school students is dependent on schools identifying
and responding to the aspirations, strengths, culture and needs of their
students.
The most responsive schools put considerable effort into ensuring
teachers understood the goals for each student and designed programs
that encouraged students to increase their own self-awareness and self-
management to monitor progress towards achieving their goals.

Education System In India