 Absence or want of cause  Contract

 Absolute simulation  Contractual negligence (culpa contractual)

 Acceptance  Contravention of the terms of the
 Accessions obligation
 Accessories  Conventional indivisibility
 Accessory contract  Conventional novation
 Accessory obligation  Conventional or voluntary period
 Accidental elements  Conventional penal clause
 Active solidarity  Conventional solidarity
 Active subject (creditor or obligee) – the  Conventional subrogation
person who is entitled to demand the  Criminal negligence (culpa criminal)
fulfillment of the obligation; he who has  Damages
right p.19  Dation in payment (adjudication or dacion
 Aleatory contract en pago)
 Alternative obligation  Definite period
 Annulment  Deflation
 Application of payments  Delegacion
 Bilateral (or mutual) mistake  Disjunctive condition
 Bilateral contract  Disputable (or rebuttable) presumption
 Bilateral obligation  Distributive obligation
 Capacity to alienate  Divisible condition
 Casual condition  Divisible contract
 Causal fraud (dolo causante)  Divisible obligation
 Cause (causa)  Do ut des
 Civil fruits  Do ut facias
 Civil loss  Domicile
 Civil negligence (culpa aquiliana)  Essential elements
 Collective obligation  Executed contract
 Common essential elements  Executory contract
 Commutative contract  Express condition
 Compensatio morae  Express novation
 Compensation  Express ratification
 Compensatory penal clause  Express remission
 Complete remission  Expromision
 Compound obligation  Extra-ordinary fortuitous events
 Conclusive presumption  Facto ut des
 Condition  Facto ut facias
 Conditional obligation  Facultative compensation
 Condonation or remission  Facultative obligation
 Confusion or merger  Falsity of cause
 Conjunctive condition  Form of a contract
 Conjunctive obligation  Fortuitous event (force majeure)
 Consensual contract  Fraud (deceit or dolo)
 Consent  Free disposal of the thing due
 Consignation  Generic or indeterminate thing
 Consummation or termination  Genus nunquam perit
 Gratuitous contract  Mistake of fact
 Ideal or intellectual division  Mistake or error
 Ignorantia legis neminem excusat  Mixed condition
 Illegality of cause  Mixed novation
 Implied condition  Mixed solidarity
 Implied novation  Mora accipiendi
 Implied or tacit ratification  Mora solvendi
 Implied remission  Morals
 Impossible condition  Mortis causa remission
 In delicto  Motive
 In pari delicto  Mutual mistake
 Incidental fraud (dolo incidente)  Natural elements
 Indefinite period  Natural fruits
 Individual obligation  Natural indivisibility
 Indivisible condition  Negative condition
 Indivisible contract  Negligence (fault or culpa)
 Indivisible obligation  Negotiorum gestio – ARTICLE 2144.
 Industrial fruits Negotiorum gestio is the voluntary
 Inexistent contracts management of the property or affairs of
 Inflation another without the knowledge or consent
 Informal or common or simple contract of the latter. p.27
 Innominate contract  Nominate contract
 Inter vivos remission  Non-reciprocal obligation
 Interpretation of a contract  Non-uniform or varied solidary obligation
 Joint obligation  Novation
 Joint or cumulative penal clause  Object or prestation (subject matter of the
 Judicial compensation obligation) – the conduct required to be
 Judicial costs observed by the debtor p.19
 Judicial period  Obligation – ARTICLE 1156. An obligation is
 Juridical or legal tie (efficient cause) – binds a juridical necessity to give, to do or not to
or connects the parties to the obligation do. p.17
p.19  Obligation with a penal clause
 Kinds of defective contracts  Obligation with a period
 Legal compensation  Obligations are extinguished
 Legal delay or default or mora  Offer
 Legal impossibility  Onerous contract
 Legal indivisibility  Option
 Legal loss  Option contract
 Legal novation  Option money
 Legal penal clause  Option period
 Legal period  Ordinary delay
 Legal solidarity  Ordinary fortuitous events
 Legal subrogation  Partial compensation
 Legal tender  Partial or modificatory novation
 Lesion  Partial remission
 Lucid interval  Passive solidarity
 Passive subject (debtor or obligor) – the  Real obligation (obligation to give) – the
person who is bound to the fulfillment of subject matter is a thing which the obligor
the obligation; he who has a duty p.19 must deliver to the obligee p.21
 Payment  Real or objective novation
 Payment by cession  Real right
 Penal clause  Real solidarity
 Perfection or birth  Reciprocal obligation
 Period  Reformation
 Personal obligation (obligation to do or not  Relative simulation
to do) – the subject matter is an act to be  Remuneratory or remunerative contract
done or not to be done p.21  Rescissible contracts
 Personal or subjective novation  Rescission
 Personal right  Resolutory condition
 Physical impossibility  Resolutory period (in diem)
 Physical loss  Simple loan or mutuum
 Positive condition  Simple obligation
 Possible condition  Simulation of a contract
 Potestative condition  Solemn contract
 Preparation or negotiation  Solidary obligation
 Preparatory contract  Solutio indebti – ARTICLE 2154. Solutio
 Presumption indebti is the juridical relation which is
 Principal contract created when something is received when
 Principal obligation there is no right to demand it and it was
 Public order unduly delivered through mistake. p.28
 Public policy  Special essential elements
 Punitive penal clause  Special forms of payment
 Pure obligation  Specific or determinate thing
 Qualitative division  Stipulation pour autrui
 Quantitative division  Subrogation
 Quasi-contract – ARTICLE 2142. A quasi-  Subrogation personal novation
contract is that juridical relation resulting  Subsidiary or alternative penal clause
from lawful, voluntary and unilateral acts by  Substantial mistake of fact
virtue of which the parties become bound  Substitution personal novation
to each other to the end that no one will be  Suspensive condition (condition precedent
unjustly enriched or benefited at the or condition antecedent)
expense of another. p.27  Suspensive period (ex die)
 Quasi-delicts or torts – ARTICLE 2176. A  Tender of payment
quasi-delict is an act or omission by a  Third person
person which causes damage to another in  Total compensation
his person, property, or rights giving rise to  Total or extinctive novation
an obligation to pay for the damage done,  Unauthorized contracts
there being fault or negligence but there is  Undue influence
no pre-existing contractual relation  Unenforceable contracts
between the parties. p.30
 Uniform solidary obligation
 Ratification
 Unilateral contract
 Real contract
 Unilateral mistake
 Unilateral obligation
 Usufruct
 Usury
 Valid contracts
 Venue
 Void contracts
 Voidable or annullable contracts
 Voluntary compensation