TEST 2 REVIEW – CHAPTER 14.

ACIDS AND BASES

Monoprotic Acids

Name Formula Ka
acetic HC2H3O2 (or CH3COOH) 1.8 x 10-5
benzoic HC7H5O2 6.3 x 10-5
butanoic HC4H7O2 1.5 x 10-5
formic HCHO2 1.8 x 10-4
hydrocyanic HCN 4.9 x 10-10
hydrofluoric HF 6.8 x 10-4
hypobromous HBrO 2.5 x 10-9
hypochlorous HClO 3.0 x 10-8
hypoiodous HIO 2.3 x 10-11
lactic HC3H5O3 1.4 x 10-4
nitrous HNO2 4.5 x 10-4
propanoic HC3H5O2 1.3 x 10-5

Polyprotic Acids

Name Formula Ka1 Ka2 Ka3

arsenic H3AsO4 5.6 x 10-3 1.0 x 10-7 3.0 x 10-12
carbonic H2CO3 4.3 x 10-7 5.6 x 10-11
citric H3C6H5O7 7.4 x 10-4 1.7 x 10-5 4.0 x 10-7
hydrosulfuric H2S 9.5 x 10-8 1.0 x 10-19
malonic H2C3H2O4 1.5 x 10-3 2.0 x 10-6
oxalic H2C2O4 5.9 x 10-2 6.4 x 10-5
phosphoric H3PO4 7.5 x 10-3 6.2 x 10-8 4.2 x 10-13
selenous H2SeO3 2.3 x 10-3 5.3 x 10-9
sulfuric H2SO4 huge 1.2 x 10-2
sulfurous H2SO3 1.7 x 10-2 6.4 x 10-8
tartaric H2C4H4O6 1.0 x 10-3 4.6 x 10-5

Bases

Name Formula Kb
ammonia NH3 1.8 x 10-5
aniline C6H5NH2 4.3 x 10-10
dimethylamine (CH3)2NH 5.4 x 10-4
ethylamine C2H5NH2 6.4 x 10-4
methylamine CH3NH2 4.4 x 10-4
pyridine C5H5N 1.7 x 10-9
trimethylamine (CH3)3N 6.4 x 10-5
Acid/Base Chapter 14 Review Problems CHM250C

For the following questions, as yourself whether these are strong or weak acids or bases before beginning

1. Calculate the pH and percent ionization of

a. 0.026 M HClO4 (pH = 1.59; 100% ionization)
b. 0.019 M Ba(OH)2 (pH = 12.6; 100% ionization)
c. 0.13 M HCN (pH = 5.10; 0.0061% ionization)
d. 0.076 M (CH3)3N (pH = 11.34; 2.89% ionization)

2. Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following reactions:
a. CN- + H2O HCN + OH- (HCN is the conj. acid to CN-; OH- is the conj. base to H2O)
-
b. HCO3 + H2O CO32- + H3O+
(CO32- is the conj. base to HCO3-; H3O+ is the conj. acid to H2O)

3. Which of the following will yield an acidic solution when mixed with distilled water? SKIP THIS ONE
Ar CH4 CO2 N2 NO2 O2 SO2 SO3

4. Are solutions of the following salts acidic, basic or neutral? For those that are not neutral, write the
balanced net ionic equations for the hydrolysis reactions causing the solution to be acidic or basic and
calculate the value of Ka or Kb for each reaction.
a. NH4NO3 ACIDIC – NH4+ H+ + NH3 – Ka = 5.55 x 10-10
b. KBr NEUTRAL
c. Ca(OCl)2 BASIC – OCl- +H2O HOCl + OH- - Kb = 3.33 x 10-7
d. CH3NH3CN (CH3NH3+ and CN-)
BASIC BECAUSE Kb (CN-) = 2.04 x 10-5 and Ka (CH3NH3+) = 2.27 x 10-11
CN- +H2O HCN + OH-
+
CH3NH3 CH3NH2 + H+

5. The pH of a 0.070 M weak monoprotic acid is 3.38. Calculate Ka for the acid. (Ka = 2.04 x 10-5)

6. Given that the Kb value for ammonia, NH3, is 1.8 x 10-5 and the Kb value for methylamine, CH3NH2, is
4.4 x 10-4, which is the stronger acid, NH4+ or CH3NH3+?
NH4+ is the stronger acid because NH3 is the weaker base.

7. The pH of a 0.29 M weak base is 10.48. Calculate Kb for the base. (Kb = 3.14 x 10-7)

8. Write stepwise ionization reactions with Ka values and calculate the pH of 0.12 M arsenic acid.
H3AsO4  H+ + H2AsO4-
H2AsO4-  H+ + HAsO42-
HAsO42-  H+ + AsO43-
pH = 3.76

9. Calculate the pH of
a. 0.050 M NaCN (pH = 11.00)
b. 0.10 M CH3NH3Cl (CH3NH3+ and Cl-) (pH = 5.82)
c. 0.12 M KNO2 (pH = 8.21)
10. Identify the stronger acid. Explain.
a. HBrO2 v. HClO2 – Cl is more e-neg than Br
b. HIO4 v. HIO3 – more O atoms make it more acidic
c. ICH2CH2COOH v. ClCH2COOH (give 2 reasons) – Cl is more e-neg than I, Cl is closer to acidic
H than I is.

11. What is the original molarity of an ammonia solution that is 4.4% ionized? (0.0089 M = [NH3])

12. A 0.1268 g sample of a monoprotic weak acid was dissolved in 25 mL of water and titrated with 0.0625
M NaOH. If 17.9 mL of base was required to reach the equivalence point, calculate the molar mass of
the acid to the correct number of significant figures. (molar mas is 113 g/mol)