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Reviews of Geospatial Information Standardization for Indonesia National

Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

Conference Paper · October 2016

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Reviews of Geospatial Information Standardization for Indonesia National
Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

Suprajaka1, A. Ari Dartoyo1, Anindita Diah Kusumawardhani1, Mira Harimurti1, Rizky

Kurniawan1
1
Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), JL. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor,

Abstract: Geospatial information play important role in decision making. Many national,
regional, and international programs and projects are working to improve access to available
spatial data known as National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Legal framework of
establishments of Indonesian National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is based on the
Presidential Decree number 27/2014. Indonesian NSDI consists of central Geospatial
Information network and regional Geospatial Information network. As one of 5 pillars of
NSDI, sstandard allow NSDI to function and ensures compatibility as common rules to share
geospatial data in heterogeneous environment. This study aims to review a current condition
of Indonesian NSDI and the availability of geospatial information standard to support
Indonesian NSDI. 80 established geospatial information standard are devided into three
classification as base standards, geospatial data and services to know it’s role to support
Indonesian NSDI. 22 SNI are available as a guidelines for base standard to support Indonesia
NSDI. 38 SNI are available as a guidelines for geospatial data to support Indonesia NSDI and
8 SNI are available as a guideline for services. Therefore, implementation statuses of those
standard documents still need a further study.

Key words: NSDI, standardization, geospatial standard

Introduction
Geospatial information play important role in decision making. About 80% of daily
decisions on national or local level either in economy, finances/ taxation, demography, spatial
planning, environment, hazard areas, infrastructure, housing, cultural heritage, etc. are
spatially or georeferenced[1]. However, information is an expensive resource, and for this
reason appropriate information and the resources to fully utilize this information may not
always be readily available. Many national, regional, and international programs and projects
are working to improve access to available spatial data, promote its reuse, and ensure that
additional investment in spatial information collection and management results in an
evergrowing, readily available and useable pool of spatial information. This is true of many
initiatives even if they are not actually labeled as “SDI initiatives” [2].
The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is a means to assemble geographic
data nationwide to serve a variety of users. NSDI is a spatial data management system wich
contain institutional, basic spatial data along with it’s standard and guidance, legal system
and human resource to collect, process, store, distribute and encreasing the use of spatial data.
NSDI consist of 5 pillars: institutional, legal system, framework data, human resources and
technology. The goals of NSDI are to to reduce duplication of effort among agencies,
improve quality and reduce cost related to data and information, to make data more
accessible to the public, and to increase the benefits of using available data.
Legal framework of establishments of Indonesian National Spatial Data Infrastructure
(NSDI) is based on the Presidential Decree number 27/2014. Indonesian NSDI consists of
central Geospatial Information network and regional Geospatial Information network. The
central Geospatial Information network composed by National High Institution, Government
Office, Indonesian National Armed Forces, and Indonesia National Police whereas regional
government act as regional Geospatial Information network. Those institutions officiate as
NSDI network node.
NSDI means to facilitate access to the spatial data and services through the use of
practice, protocols and standard specifications without the need for a database or services in a
single location, it is an access mechanism in a decentralized manner, the maintenance of the
data occurs in each provider, through a single “front door”: the geoportal [3].As one of NSDI
fundamental pillars, standardization takes an important role. Standard allow NSDI to function
and ensures compatibility as common rules to share geospatial data in heterogeneous
environment. Presidential Decree number 27 year 2014 state that provision of geospatial
information by networks node must refer to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) or other
technical specification. This study aims to review a current condition of Indonesian NSDI and
the availability of geospatial information standard to support Indonesian NSDI.

Current Status on Indonesian NSDI

Based on the presidential decree number 27/2014 every ministries, agencies and local
governments act as network node in Indonesian SDI (National Geospatial Information
Network). Up to 2015, 54 network nodes that consist of 23 Ministries/agencies, 18 Provinces
and 13 Regencies have been connected to Ina-Geoportal as Indonesian official geoportal.
These nodes are participating in geospatial information sharing. All ministries, agencies, and
local governments can explore and use the information together for their daily decision
making purposes through Ina-Geoportal. To achieve the purposes of data sharing, Indonesia
has set 17 data custodians (ministries) for 85 thematic geospatial information on 1:50.000
scale based on one base map that is made by BIG. This regulation is stated in presidential
decree No 9/2016 on Accelerated the Implementation of One Map Policy on 1:50.000 scale
geospatial information.
As the nodes coordinator, BIG develops National Geospatial Information Network
National Geospatial Information Network. A powerful data center has been established for
supporting geospatial information exchange implementation. Table 1 lists items and its
current status of technology aspect provided by BIG.

Table 1 - items and its current status of technology aspect provide by BIG
No Item Current status/condition
1. Data storage 2.300 TB
2. Servers 300 servers, located in ministries/agency and local
government.
3. Cloud computing has been implemented in 4 local government (Jatim,
Sampang, Kulon Progo and Pasaman Barat)
4. Bandwidth International: 300 Mbps
Domestic: 1000 Mbps
5. WAN (Wide Area Network) VPN 10 Mbps: BPS, BPN, PU, Kem Hut, KKP, KLH,
Kem ESDM, Pemprov DKI and Jabar
VPN 40 Mbps: LAPAN
6. Network Operation Center (NOC) Operational
7. Geospatial Support Command Operational
Center (GSCC)
8. Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) Active. Located in Batam
9. Software DEM Processing, GCP and High Resolution Image
 Processing software
10. Geoportal active: http://tanahair.indonesia.go.id.
Source: BIG[4]

In National Geospatial Information Network daily management, BIG implemented

some of national standard (SNI), such as SNI ISO 19157 on data quality, SNI ISO 19115 on
metadata, SNI ISO 19110 on feature cataloguing and other SNIs supported data quality
management and assessment.
Although BIG data center is sufficient for Indonesia current condition, Indonesia
going to need a more powerful data center when all network nodes are connected and actively
exchange their data together. Even today, not all of the 54 network nodes are active due to
many reasons. Problems that commonly occur in network nodes include bad internet
connection, low budget support from institution, hardware problem and competency of their
human resources.
BIG endorse both ministries/agencies and local governments to actively participate in
National Geospatial Information Network by support them with hardware, software, and
training for capacity building. BIG also support them to prepare all factors that are needed in
NSDI such as human resources, technology, management policy, standard and legal system.
Table 2 lists network nodes that had been endorsed by BIG.

Table 2 – Endorsement by BIG in Network Nodes Establishment

Endorsement Web Map
No Province Training Endorsement Legal
/Grant/Loan GIS Service
1 Aceh Pendmapingan 2016 v v v v v
2 Sumatera Utara New Inisiatif v v - - -
3 Sumatera Barat Pendampingan 2015 v v v v -
4 Bengkulu - v v - - -
5 Riau New Inisiatif v v - - v
6 Kepulauan Riau - v v - - -
7 Jambi - v v - - v
8 Sumatera Selatan APBNP v v - v v
9 Lampung New Inisiatif v v - v v
JICA dan New
10
DKI Jakarta Inisiatif v v - v v
11 Jawa Barat JICA v v v v v
12 Banten New Inisiatif v v - - -
13 Jawa Tengah APBNP 2011 v v v - v
14 D.I. Yogyakarta v v - v -
15 Jawa Timur Pendampingan 2015 v v v v v
16 Kalimantan Barat - v v - - -
17 Kalimantan Tengah - v v - - v
18 Kalimantan Selatan APBNP 2011 v v - v v
19 Kalimantan Timur - v v - v v
20 Bali APBNP 2011 v v - v v
Nusa Tenggara
21
Barat Pendampingan 2015 v v v v -
Nusa Tenggara
22
Timur - v v - - -
23 Sulawesi Barat - v v - - -
 24 Sulawesi Utara - v v - - -
25 Sulawesi Tengah - v v v v v
26 Sulawesi Selatan APBNP 2011 v v - v v
27 Sulawesi Tenggara - v v - - -
28 Gorontalo - v v - - -
29 Maluku Pendampingan 2016 v v - - -
30 Maluku Utara - v v - - -
31 Papua Pendampingan 2016 v v - - -
32 Papua Barat APBNP 2011 v v v v v
Kepulauan Bangka
33
Belitung - - - - - -
34 Kalimantan Utara - 2016 2016 - - -
Source: BIG[5]

Not only the endorsement, BIG also evaluate all network nodes that has been
endorsed. BIG holds Bhumandala award every year to give reward for the best network node
in some category. Therefore, comprehensive evaluation of Indonesian NSDI has not been
conducted by BIG and leaves a question whether the NSDI meets Indonesian needs.

NSDI Challenge and Opportunities in Indonesia

There are many challenges to be faced about Indonesian NSDI. First, Indonesia has
many national standars for geospatial information, but it doesn’t implemented optimally. That
condition caused lack of concern by geospatial information stakeholders. Second, skilled
human resources for this field are limited. Until 2015, there are only about 8,500 people
understand about geospatial information, and about 10% were certified. There are many
causes like lack of understanding about the importance of geospatial information and lack of
facilities that support the implementation of geospatial information. Third, the technology in
Indonesia is uneven. Some regions in Indonesia still considers the technology as an expensive
things.
Because of that challenges, Indonesia has many homeworks to upgrade the condition
of its NSDI. First, review the outdated standards and implementation of existing standards.
But the most important thing is to know how many standard needed to support Indonesian
NSDI. Second, strengthening education, policy, national standard for competency and
cooperation with companies in geospatial information field. Third, Indonesia should conduct
dissemination and socialization related to NSDI for increasing the people awareness.
Beside that challenges, there are also opportunities in Indonesian NSDI. Indonesia
established a new working group that called Kelompok Kerja Penilaian Kesesuaian (Working
Group for Conformity Assessment) whose in charge to conduct accreditation for conformity
assessment institutions, geospatial information products, instrumentations, and courses
institutions.

Standardization of Geospatial Information in Indonesian NSDI

A standard is a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or
characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes and
services are fit for their purpose[6]. Standardization is a set of activities and procedures to
develop consensus standards. Geospatial standard is a key component of SDI[7]. Geospatial
standard make it easier to access, discover, fuse and apply of sharing geospatial information
and services. For that aims, providing geospatial standard and receiving uses implementation
is the most important part.
 Standards for NSDI can be divided into standardization of framework data,
standardization of coding system, standardization for reference system, standardization of
classification, etc. Some of international standards for NSDI are provided by ISO/TC211,
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)
provided by U.S Geological Survey. This study will focus only in Indonesia National
Standard (SNI) both original and adaptation form international standards.
Until 2016 Indonesia Geospatial Information Agency along with National
Standardization Agency has provide 80 Geospatial National Standard. To evaluate geospatial
information standard, each document are divided into classification based on its function on
NSDI. Three classifications have been prepared based on NSDI framework: base standards,
geospatial data and services. Base standard consist of standardization for reference models,
terminologies, qualities, and guideline. Geospatial data consist of standardization for
geospatial database, metadata, imagery, framework data, and application data. Services
consist of standardization for encoding, services, portrayal, service framework, and access.

Table 2 – Classification of Geospatial Information Standard of NSDI

Classification SNI Number SNI Name
Reference
Models SNI ISO 19101:2011 Informasi geografis - Model referensi
Informasi geografis - Pereferensian
SNI ISO 19111:2011 spasial dengan koordinat
Informasi geografis - Pereferensian
SNI ISO 19112:2011 spasial dengan identifikasi geografis
SNI ISO/TS Informasi geografis - Kode dan
19127:2015 parameter geodetik
SNI ISO/TS 19101- Informasi geografis - Model referensi
2:2016 - Bagian 2: Citra
Informasi geografis - Pereferensian
SNI ISO 19148:2016 linier
SNI ISO/TS Informasi geografis - Bahasa skema
Terminologies 19103:2011 konseptual
SNI ISO/TS
Base 19104:2011 Informasi geografis - Terminologi
Standards
Qualities SNI ISO 19113:2011 Informasi geografis - Prinsip kualitas
Informasi geografis - Prosedur
SNI ISO 19114:2011 evaluasi kualitas
SNI ISO/TS Informasi geografis – Jaminan
19158:2015 kualitas penyediaan data
SNI ISO 19157:2015 Informasi geografis - Kualitas data
Informasi geografis – Spesifikasi
SNI ISO 19131:2014 produk data
SNI ISO/TS Informasi Geografis – Ukuran
19138:2014 kualitas data
SNI 8202:2015 Ketelitian Peta Dasar
Guidelines Pertukaran data lintang, bujur, dan
(Procedures) SNI 7336:2008 tinggi lokasi geografis
SNI 7802:2013 Prosedur pemotretan udara analog
SNI 7803:2013 Prosedur pengumpulan nama rupa
 bumi
Prosedur pembangunan Continuously
SNI 7964:2014 Operating Reference Station (CORS)
SNI 7965:2014 Prosedur pemotretan udara digital
Informasi geografis - Pengamatan
SNI ISO 19156:2015 dan pengukuran
Informasi geografis - Model acuan
Digital Rights Management untuk
SNI ISO 19153:2016 informasi geospasial (GeoDRM)
Basis data spasial oseanografi: Suhu,
salinitas, oksigen terlarut, derajat
Geospatial DB SNI 7644:2010 keasaman, turbiditas dan kecerahan
Informasi geografis - Metodologi
SNI ISO 19110:2015 penyusunan katalog unsur geografis
Informasi geografis - Sistem
SNI ISO 19144- klasifikasi - Bagian 1: Struktur sistem
1:2015 klasifikasi
Informasi geografis – Sistem
klasifikasi – Bagian 2: Meta language
SNI ISO 19144- penutup lahan/ Land Cover Meta
2:2015 Language (LCML)
Metadata SNI 7335:2008 Metadata spasial
SNI ISO 19115:2012 Informasi geografis - Metadata
Informasi geografis - Metadata –
SNI ISO 19115- Bagian 2: Ekstensi untuk citra dan
2:2012 gridded data
SNI ISO/TS Informasi geografis - Metadata -
Geospatial 19139:2012 Implementasi skema XML
Data SNI ISO/TR Informasi geografis - Citra dan data
Imagery 19121:2015 grid
Informasi geografis - Model sensor
SNI ISO/TS citra untuk penentuan posisi
19130:2016 geografis
Informasi geografis - Model sensor
citra untuk penentuan posisi
SNI ISO/TS 19130- geografis - Bagian 2: SAR, InSAR,
2:2016 lidar, dan sonar
Informasi geografis - Kalibrasi dan
validasi sensor dan data citra
SNI ISO/TS 19159- penginderaan jauh - Bagian 1: Sensor
1:2016 optik
Framework Data SNI 19-6724-2002 Jaring kontrol horizontal
Jaring kontrol vertikal dengan
SNI 19-6988-2004 metode sipatdatar
SNI 19-7149-2005 Jaring kontrol gayaberat
Survei hidrografi menggunakan
SNI 7646:2010 singlebeam echosounder
 Pemetaan habitat perairan laut
dangkal - Bagian 1: Pemetaan
SNI 7716:2011 terumbu karang dan padang lamun
SNI 7717:2011 Survei dan pemetaan mangrove
Pemetaan lahan gambut skala
1:50.000 berbasis citra penginderaan
SNI 7925-2013 jauh
Survei batimetri menggunakan
SNI 7988:2014 multibeam echosounder
Penyusunan neraca spasial sumber
daya alam - Bagian 4: Sumber daya
SNI 6728.4:2015 dan cadangan mineral dan batubara
Spesifikasi penyajian peta curah
SNI 8196:2015 hujan
Metode pemetaan rawan banjir skala
SNI 8197:2015 1:50.000 dan 1:25.000
Prosedur penentuan batas daerah
aliran sungai (DAS) untuk peta skala
SNI 8200:2015 1:250.000
Penyusunan neraca spasial sumber
daya alam – Bagian 1: Sumber daya
SNI 6728.1:2015 air
Penyusunan neraca spasial sumber
daya alam – Bagian 2: Sumber daya
SNI 6728.2:2015 hutan
Penyusunan neraca sumber daya
alam spasial - Bagian 3: Sumber daya
SNI 6728.3:2015 lahan
Informasi geografis - Antarmuka web
Application Data SNI ISO 19128:2012 map server
Informasi geografis – Geography
SNI ISO 19136:2016 Markup Language (GML)
Informasi geografis - Skema untuk
SNI ISO 19123:2016 geometri dan fungsi coverage
Informasi geografis - Register
SNI ISO 19145:2016 representasi lokasi titik geografis
Informasi geografis - Akses fitur
SNI ISO 19125- sederhana - Bagian 1: Arsitektur
1:2016 umum
Informasi geografis - Rights
expression language untuk informasi
SNI ISO 19149:2016 geografis - GeoREL
Informasi geografis - Model Domain
Administrasi Pertanahan (Land
Administration Domain
SNI ISO 19152:2016 Model/LADM)
Informasi geografis - Arsitektur
pengidentifikasi tempat (Place
SNI ISO 19155:2016 Identifier/PI)
 SNI ISO/TS 19150- Informasi geografis - Ontologi -
1:2016 Bagian 1: Kerangka kerja
Encoding SNI ISO 19118:2016 Informasi geografis - Encoding
Services SNI ISO 19119:2014 Informasi Geografis – Layanan
Informasi geografis – Layanan fitur
SNI ISO 19142:2014 berbasis web
Informasi geografis - Layanan
SNI ISO 19116:2015 penentuan posisi
Services Portrayal SNI ISO 19117:2016 Informasi geografis - Portrayal
Informasi Geografis – Layanan
Service Berbasis Lokasi – Penjejakan dan
Framework SNI ISO 19133:2014 navigasi
Informasi geografis - Layanan
SNI ISO 19132:2016 berbasis lokasi - Model acuan
SNI ISO 19125- Informasi geografis – Akses fitur
Access 2:2015 sederhana – Bagian 2: Pilihan SQL
Source: BIG

66 of 80 standard documents fit for its classification. 22 SNI are available as

guidelines for base standard to support Indonesia NSDI. 38 SNI are available as guidelines
for geospatial data to support Indonesia NSDI and 8 SNI are available as a guideline for
services. 65% of the standard documents are adopted form ISO. 6 ISO has been identically
adopted as reference models standard including Spatial referencing by coordinates and
Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers. 7 standard documents have been arranged for
data qualities including base map accuracy. 4 ISO has been adopted as metadata standard,
and already implemented as Indonesian Metadata Country Profile. Among established
standard, only one document that manage access services for NSDI.

Distribution of Indonesian Standard on

Geospatial Information
15

9
6 7 7
4 4 4 3
2 1 1 2 1

Figure1. Distribution of SNI for NSDI

Numbers of the standard document have already enough to support NSDI. Distribution of
standard document fits each classification. Therefore, implementation statuses of those
standard documents still need a further study.
 Conclusion
Indonesian NSDI aims to facilitate data sharing among the geospatial information
stakeholders. 34 network nodes have been connected through INA-Geoportal. Indonesian
NSDI faced several challenge such as implementation of standard, lack of skilled human
resources and poor technology in some regions. Although number of standard already enough
to support NSDI, further study concerning implementation of each standard is still needed.

Reference
[1] International Federation of Surveyors. The Contribution of the Surveying Profession to
Disaster Risk Management. 2006.
[2] NSDI Cookbook. Available on line
http://gsdiassociation.org/images/publications/cookbooks/SDI_Cookbook_from_Wiki_2009.
pdf
[3] Purwonegoro, B; Wijanarto, A.B; Syafii, A. Cloud Computing Concept for Indonesia
Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) as Spatial Data Sharing and Accelerating Economic
Growth of Indonesia; FIG Working Week. 2015.
[4] Badan Informasi Geopsasial. Laporan Rapat Koordinasi Nasional Informasi Geospasial.
2015.
[5] Badan Informasi Geopsasial. Laporan Tahunan Kegiatan Simpul Jaringan. 2015.
[6] Kang, H.K. Geospatial Standard on SDI. In Geospatial Information and Policy Training:
Korean Research on Human Settlement. 2014.

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