Hvacnewexam 3

SOLUTION 1
PRINCIPLES BASIC ENGINEERING PRACTICE
Three non-condensing boilers have an efficiency of 80% and consumes a total of 1,500 million
Btu of natural gas each year. The boilers are to be replaced with higher efficient non-
condensing boilers that are 95% efficient at design conditions. The new boilers have an
installed cost of $160,000 and a salvage value of $11,000 after 15 years. The new boilers will
reduce average operation and maintenance cost by $300 per month. The fuel cost is $2.50 per
therm. What is the present value cost/savings of replacing the boilers after 15 years, assuming
an interest rate of 4%?
First find the yearly energy savings from the higher efficient boiler.
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 ∗ 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑂𝑙𝑑 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 1500 𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ ∗ 0.8 1200 𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ
1200 𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 1263 𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ
0.95
Find the total yearly savings and convert to present value.
10 𝐵𝑡𝑢ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚 $2.50

𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 1500 𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ 1263𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ ∗ ∗ ∗
𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ 10 𝐵𝑡𝑢ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 $5,920
$300 12𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 $5,920 ∗ $9,520
𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑃
𝑃 𝐴∗ , 4%, 15
𝐴
𝑃 $9,520 ∗ 11.118 $105,855
Next, convert the future salvage value to present worth.
𝑃
𝑃 𝐹∗ , 4%, 15
𝐹
𝑃 $11,000 ∗ 0.5553 $6,108
Finally find the total present worth.
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 $160,000 $105,855 $6,108
𝑃 $48,036
The total present value cost is $48,036.
Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

Partial Practice Exam 3 Solutions -1
http://www.engproguides.com
The answer is most nearly (A) $48,000 cost
(A) $48,000 cost
(B) $59,000 savings
(C) $75,000 cost
(D) $82,000 savings

SOLUTION 2
PRINCIPLES – THERMODYNAMICS
A compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 85%. It is used to compress R 134a refrigerant

from 50 PSIA to 150 PSIA. What is the resulting enthalpy of the refrigerant at the outlet of the
compressor? Assume the refrigerant enters the compressor as a saturated vapor (no
superheat).
Use the following efficiency equation for the compressor. The ideal amount of change in
enthalpy is on the denominator and the actual change in enthalpy is in the numerator.
ℎ , ℎ
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
ℎ , ℎ
The input enthalpy and entropy can be found via the refrigerant tables.
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑃 50 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴; 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 → ℎ 109 ;𝑠 0.222
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏 𝑅
The ideal output entropy will be the same as the input entropy. You can use this entropy value
and the output pressure to find the ideal output enthalpy.
𝑃 150 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴; 𝑠 0.222 →ℎ 119
𝑙𝑏 𝑅 𝑙𝑏
Now plug-in the values for the efficiency equation.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ , 109
0.85 𝑙𝑏
119 109
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ , 117.5
𝑙𝑏
The correct answer is most nearly, (C) 118 Btu/lb.
(A) 92 Btu/lb
(B) 109 Btu/lb
(C) 118 Btu/lb
(D) 123 Btu/lb

SOLUTION 3
PRINCIPLES – PSYCHROMETRICS
A space is maintained at 75 F DB/50% RH. The cooling load in the room consists of 60,000
Btu/h sensible load and 20,000 Btu/h latent load. A cooling coil is used to supply air 55 F DB to
the space. What is most likely the wet bulb condition of the supply air? Assume sea level.
First, find the sensible heat ratio.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 60,000 20,000 80,000
ℎ
𝐵𝑡𝑢
60,000
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 ℎ 0.75
𝐵𝑡𝑢
80,000
ℎ
Next, use the psychrometric chart and plot the sensible heat ratio line from 75 F DB/50% RH to
the 55 °F DB vertical line. These two lines intersect at 52 F WB.
The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 52 °F
(A) 52 °F
(B) 53 °F
(C) 54 °F
(D) 55 °F

SOLUTION 4
PRINCIPLES – PSYCHROMETRICS
A desiccant dehumidifier is used to lower the dew point of incoming air down to -20 F. If the
dehumidifier is adiabatic, then what will be the outgoing dry bulb temperature? Assume sea
level and the incoming air is 87 F DB, 80% RH.
The incoming air enthalpy from the psychrometric chart is shown below.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ 45.52
𝑙𝑏
Since the process is assumed to be adiabatic then the outgoing enthalpy will be the same. Find
the intersection of this enthalpy line with the dew point line of -20 F.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ 45.52 ;𝑇 187.5 𝐹 𝐷𝐵
𝑙𝑏
The correct answer is most nearly, (D) 188 °F.
(A) 116 °F
(B) 138 °F
(C) 153 °F
(D) 188 °F

SOLUTION 5
PRINCIPLES – HEAT TRANSFER
A 6” steel, schedule 40 pipe carries steam at 300 °F. The pipe surface must be kept below 120
°F. The ambient temperature is 80 °F. What equivalent thickness insulation is required?
Insulation: k = 0.20 Btu-in/h-ft2-°F
Insulation Surface Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient: h = 1.0 Btu/h-ft2-°F
𝑄 𝑄
𝑘
∗𝐴∗ 𝑇 𝑇 ℎ ∗𝐴∗ 𝑇 𝑇
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑘
∗ 𝑇 𝑇 ℎ ∗ 𝑇 𝑇
𝑘∗ 𝑇 𝑇
ℎ ∗ 𝑇 𝑇
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑖𝑛
0.20 ∗ 300 𝐹 120 𝐹
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
1.0 ∗ 120 𝐹 80 𝐹
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 𝐹
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 0.9 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 0.9 inches.
(A) 0.9 inches
(B) 1.5 inches
(C) 1.8 inches
(D) 2.4 inches

SOLUTION 6
PRINCIPLES – FLUID MECHANICS
A compressor provides 150 CFM at 100 psig. What is the actual CFM entering the
compressor? The ambient air is 68 °F/36% RH and the output temperature of the compressor
is 200 °F.
Make sure pressure and temperature are in absolute units for the equation below.
𝑃 519
𝑆𝐶𝐹𝑀 𝐴𝐶𝐹𝑀 ∗ ∗
14.7 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴 𝑇
100 14.7 519
𝑆𝐶𝐹𝑀 150 ∗ ∗
14.7 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴 458.67 200
𝑆𝐶𝐹𝑀 922 𝐶𝐹𝑀
The correct answer is most nearly, (B) 922 CFM.
(A) 636 CFM
(B) 922 CFM
(C) 1,229 CFM
(D) 2,647 CFM

SOLUTION 7
PRINCIPLES – ENERGY/MASS BALANCE
A propane condensing boiler is operated as a low pressure boiler. 100 lb/h of fuel is provided.
The boiler is 90% efficient. If 1,550 lb/hr of steam is produced, then what is most likely the
outgoing conditions of the steam? Assume the feedwater enters the boiler at 70 F and the
boiler operates at 14.7 PSIA. Propane has a higher heating value of 21,564 Btu/lb.
90% of the heat developed by the fuel will be transferred to the feed water.
𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑙𝑏 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚

100 ∗ 𝐻𝐻𝑉 21,564 ∗ 0.9 1,550 ∗ 𝐻 𝐻
ℎ𝑟 𝑙𝑏 ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 → 𝐻 38.1
𝑙𝑏
Solve for outgoing enthalpy of steam.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐻 1,290
𝑙𝑏
Use the enthalpy and pressure to find the temperature of steam with the superheat tables.
𝑃 14.7 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴; 𝑇 500°𝐹
The correct answer is most nearly, (D) 500 °F.
(A) 250 °F
(B) 300 °F
(C) 400 °F
(D) 500 °F

SOLUTION 8
APPLICATION – HEATING/COOLING LOADS
An internal space (no exterior walls/roofs) has a lighting load of 1.5 watts/sf. The lights are
recessed with an 80% load to space. There are three 2.5 HP lathes in the space. Assume a
usage factor of 75%. There are also 3 people (250 Btu/h sensible and 200 Btu/h latent) in the
space. The total area of the space is 1,578 square feet. What is the total internal cooling load
of the space?
𝑊 3.412 2,545
𝑄 1.5 ∗ 1,578 𝑓𝑡 ∗ 0.8 ∗ ℎ 3 ∗ 0.75 ∗ 2.5 𝐻𝑃 ∗ ℎ 3 ∗ 250
𝑓𝑡 1 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 1 𝐻𝑃
𝐵𝑡𝑢
200
ℎ
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 6,461 14,316 1,350 22,127 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ
ℎ ℎ ℎ
The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 22,130 Btu/h.
(A) 22,130 Btu/h
(B) 24,780 Btu/h
(C) 28,220 Btu/h
(D) 30,550 Btu/h

SOLUTION 9
APPLICATION – HEATING/COOLING LOADS
A food storage refrigerator will contain 500 pounds of food at an initial temperature of 75 °F.
The food has the properties shown below. The refrigerator must be sized to cool the food down
to 0 °F in a maximum of 2 hours. Assume a safety factor of 25%. What is the size of the
refrigerator?
Specific heat at all temperatures: 0.5 Btu/lb-°F
Latent heat of fusion: 133 Btu/lb.
Freezing point: 10 °F.

𝑄 500 𝑙𝑏𝑠 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 75 10 500 𝑙𝑏𝑠 ∗ 133 500 𝑙𝑏𝑠 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 10 0
𝑙𝑏 𝐹 𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏 𝐹
𝑄 85,250 𝐵𝑡𝑢
Add in the safety factor
𝑄 85,250 𝐵𝑡𝑢 ∗ 1.25 106,563 𝐵𝑡𝑢
Now divide by two hours and convert to tons.
106,563 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 1 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝑄 53,281 ∗ 4.4 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠
2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 ℎ 12,000 𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ
The correct answer is most nearly, (B) 4.4 tons.
(A) 3.6 tons
(B) 4.4 tons
(C) 7.1 tons
(D) 8.9 tons

SOLUTION 10
APPLICATIONS EQUIPMENT & COMPONENTS
A 100-ton, 480 V, 3 PH, 60 HZ, HVAC equipment has the following efficiencies at various
loading conditions. The HVAC equipment operates at 100% load for 20 hours/year, 75% load
for 2,000 hours/year, 50% load for 4,000 hours/year and 25% load for the remaining hours.
What is the total electricity usage per year?
100% load: 3.0 COP
75% load: 3.3 COP
50% load: 2.5 COP
25% load: 2.2 COP
3.52 𝑘𝑊
100 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 ∗ 352 𝑘𝑊
1 𝑡𝑜𝑛
1 𝑘𝑊 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
100% 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 → 352 𝑘𝑊 ∗ ∗ 20 2,346.7 𝑘𝑊ℎ
3 𝑘𝑊 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
75% 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 → 352 𝑘𝑊 ∗ 0.75 ∗ ∗ 2,000 160,000 𝑘𝑊ℎ
3.3 𝑘𝑊 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
50% 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 → 352 𝑘𝑊 ∗ 0.5 ∗ ∗ 4,000 281,600 𝑘𝑊ℎ
25% 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 → 352 𝑘𝑊 ∗ 0.25 ∗ ∗ 2,740 109,600 𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒 2346.7 160,000 281,600 109,600 553,547
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
The correct answer is most nearly, (D) 550,000 kWh/year.
(A) 2,400 kWh/year
(B) 109,400 kWh/year
(C) 378,400 kWh/year
(D) 550,000 kWh/year

SOLUTION 11
Which of the following methods is not a suitable method for removing moisture from air?
The correct answer is most nearly, (D) Regeneration
(A) Cooling
(B) Compression
(C) Absorption
(D) Regeneration
Cooling air reduces the capacity of air to hold moisture. Moisture can be removed from the air,
if it is lowered below its dewpoint. Compression reduces the capcaity of air to hold moisture,
similar to cooling, if the air can be compressed such that its dewpoint is higher than the dry bulb
temperature, then moisture will be removed from the air. Absorption attracts moisture from the
air into a dessicant material. Regeneration is the process of heating a dessicant material and
transferring moisture within the dessicant to an exhaust airstream. Regeneration actually
moves moisture into air.

SOLUTION 12
Which of the following is not an approach to increasing the efficiency of a condenser (shell and
tube)?
The correct answer is most nearly, (A) Increase tube thickness
(A) Increase tube thickness
(B) Increase number of rows
(C) Increase fins
(D) Increase number of passes
Increasing number of rows and fins will increase the heat transfer area. This will increase the
efficiency of the heat exchanger by allowing more heat transfer. The downside of this approach
is increased pressure drop through the heat exchanger.
Increasing the number of passes will allow for more heat transfer time, which will increase the
amount of heat transfer and therefore increase efficiency. The downside of this approach is
also increased pressure drop through the heat exchanger.
Increasing the tube thickness will actually increase the resistance to heat transfer and will not
promote more heat exchange. This will decrease efficiency.
The correct answer is most nearly (A) Increase tube thickness.

SOLUTION 13
A 10,000 CFM, 2.0 in wg centrifugal fan has an efficiency of 70% and the motor has an
efficiency of 90%. If supply air enters the fan at 55 F DB, 90% RH, what will be the exiting
temperature of the fan? Assume the motor is not in the airstream.
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡
2.0 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑔 ∗ 5.193 ∗ 13.14
𝑓𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑔 𝑙𝑏
∆𝑇
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑓
0.24 ∗ 778.2 ∗ 0.7
𝑙𝑏 𝐹 𝐵𝑡𝑢
The correct answer is most nearly, (D) 56.1 °F DB.
(A) 55 °F DB
(B) 55.3 °F DB
(C) 55.7 °F DB
(D) 56.1 °F DB

SOLUTION 14
Which of the following valves would most likely be able to cause water hammer?
Water hammer is caused by quick closing valves that abruptly stop a large slug of fluid. Quick
closing is relative to the amount of water that is abruptly stopped. A valve that abruptly stops a
mile long slug of a fluid will have to be closed slower than the same valve that only serves 10
feet of pipe. The valve that most likely will cause water hammer will be the one that normally
closes the fastest.
A ball valve only requires a quarter turn to switch from 100% open to 100% closed. A gate
valve will require multiple full turns to accomplish the same change. Thus the ball valve will
most likely cause water hammer.
The automatic relief valve and pressure reducing valve are not normally designed to abruptly
stop fluid.
The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 1 A, 24 V, motorized 2” ball valve
(A) 1 A, 24 V, motorized 2” ball valve
(B) 1 A, 24 V, motorized 2” gate valve
(C) Automatic relief valve
(D) Automatic pressure reducing valve

SOLUTION 15
APPLICATIONS SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
5,000 CFM outside air (90 F DB, 78 F WB) is pre-cooled through a total energy recovery device.
The device is 75% efficient (both sensible and latent) and there is 5,000 CFM exhaust air (78 F,
55% RH). What will be the new outside air conditions prior to mixing with the return air?
Assume sea level conditions.
Use the efficiency equation to find the dry bulb air of the outside air leaving the energy recovery
device. Assume the sensible heat transfer efficiency is the same as the total heat transfer
efficiency.
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 1.08 ∗ 5,000 𝐶𝐹𝑀 ∗ 90 𝐹 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 75%
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 1.08 ∗ 5,000 𝐶𝐹𝑀 ∗ 90 𝐹 78 𝐹
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 81 °𝐹 𝐷𝐵
Now find the enthalpy with the total heat efficiency.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 4.5 ∗ 5,000 𝐶𝐹𝑀 ∗ 41.5 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 75% 𝑙𝑏
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
4.5 ∗ 5,000 𝐶𝐹𝑀 ∗ 41.5 31.1
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 33.7
𝑙𝑏
Check the psychrometric chart for the wet bulb.
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 81 𝐹 𝐷𝐵, 69.6 𝐹 𝑊𝐵
The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 81 F DB, 70 F WB.
(A) 81 F DB, 70 F WB.
(B) 81 F DB, 60 F WB.
(C) 87 F DB, 70 F WB.
(D) 87 F DB, 60 F WB.

SOLUTION 16
PRINCIPLES – SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
A VAV with reheat has minimum/maximum airflow of 300 and 1,000 CFM. The supply air to the
space served by the VAV is 55 F DB, 53 F WB. The load within the space can range from
3,000 to 36,000 Btu/h. What is the most nearly the size of the reheat coil? The space is
maintained at 75 F DB/50% RH.
First, find the enthalpy at the space and supply air temperatures.
ℎ 22 ;ℎ 28.15 ;
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
𝑝 0.07377 ;𝑝 0.07684 ;𝑝 0.075
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
Next, find the minimum cooling provided by the VAV box and compare this to actual cooling
load required.
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 , 4.5 ∗ 300 𝐶𝐹𝑀 ∗ 28.15 22 8,302.5 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ
𝑙𝑏
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 3,000
ℎ
The VAV box will overcool the space. The reheat will need to offset the overcooling.

𝑅𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 → 8,303 3,000 5,303
ℎ ℎ ℎ
The correct answer is most nearly, (B) 5,303 Btu/h
(A) 3,000 Btu/h
(B) 5,303 Btu/h
(C) 7,760 Btu/h
(D) 9,820 Btu/h

SOLUTION 17
A duct serving a kitchen hood over a set of deep fryers should most likely use which of the
following materials? Assume all ducts are site-built.
(A) Stainless steel with gaskets
(B) Aluminum fully welded
(C) Thermoplastic duct
(D) Carbon steel welded
A grease duct must be rated in accordance with NFPA 96 to be able to withstand high
temperatures, grease laden air and contain smoke. The duct must be welded to contain the
smoke within the duct and expel it to the outdoors. Any duct with gaskets as its sealant is not
acceptable. The duct must be thick, high-grade, and metal to be able to withstand high
temperatures. Aluminum will not work, but stainless steel and carbon steel will work. The
plastic ducts like PVC will also not work. The only duct that meets all the requirements is
carbon steel welded.
The correct answer is most nearly, (D) Carbon steel welded.

SOLUTION 18
PRINCIPLES – SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS
Which of the following HVAC equipment changes a refrigerant chemically?
The correct answer is most nearly, (C) Absorption. During absorption there is a change to the
chemical composition of the refrigerant.
(A) Evaporative cooler
(B) Adsorption heat exchanger
(C) Absorption chiller
(D) Direct expansion condenser

SOLUTION 19
In a cooling system with a hot gas bypass, the bypass diverts gas away from which component?
The correct answer is most nearly, (B) Condenser. The hot gas from the compressor discharge
is redirected away from the condenser and is either sent to the evaporator or compressor. This
will artificially increase the temperature of the cool liquid sent to the evaporator or the cool gas
sent to the evaporator.
(A) Compressor
(B) Condenser
(C) Absorption chiller
(D) Direct expansion condenser

SOLUTION 20
APPLICATIONS SUPPORTIVE KNOWLEDGE
Which of the following properties, best describes a class 0 flexible duct?
(A) Flame spread index less than 25; Smoke developed index less than 50
(B) Flame spread index less than 50; Smoke developed index less than 25
(C) Flame spread index - 0; Smoke developed index - 0
(D) Flame spread index less than 50; Smoke developed index less than 50
The correct answer is most nearly, (C) Flame spread index - 0; Smoke developed index – 0. A
class 0 duct has no surface burning characteristics, it is basically just metal.


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SOLUTION 1

PRINCIPLES BASIC ENGINEERING PRACTICE

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 ∗ 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

𝑂𝑙𝑑 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 1500 𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ ∗ 0.8 1200 𝑀𝑀𝐵ℎ

Find the total yearly savings and convert to present value.

10 𝐵𝑡𝑢ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚 $2.50

𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 $5,920

𝑃 $9,520 ∗ 11.118 $105,855

Next, convert the future salvage value to present worth.

𝑃 $11,000 ∗ 0.5553 $6,108

Finally find the total present worth.

𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 $160,000 $105,855 $6,108

The total present value cost is $48,036.

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

(A) $48,000 cost

(B) $59,000 savings

(C) $75,000 cost

(D) $82,000 savings

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

A compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 85%. It is used to compress R 134a refrigerant

Now plug-in the values for the efficiency equation.

The correct answer is most nearly, (C) 118 Btu/lb.

(B) 109 Btu/lb

(C) 118 Btu/lb

(D) 123 Btu/lb

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

First, find the sensible heat ratio.

The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 52 °F

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

The correct answer is most nearly, (D) 188 °F.

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

Insulation: k = 0.20 Btu-in/h-ft2-°F

Insulation Surface Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient: h = 1.0 Btu/h-ft2-°F

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 0.9 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 0.9 inches.

(A) 0.9 inches

(B) 1.5 inches

(C) 1.8 inches

(D) 2.4 inches

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

𝑆𝐶𝐹𝑀 922 𝐶𝐹𝑀

The correct answer is most nearly, (B) 922 CFM.

(A) 636 CFM

(B) 922 CFM

(C) 1,229 CFM

(D) 2,647 CFM

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑙𝑏 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚

Solve for outgoing enthalpy of steam.

𝑃 14.7 𝑃𝑆𝐼𝐴; 𝑇 500°𝐹

The correct answer is most nearly, (D) 500 °F.

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

The correct answer is most nearly, (A) 22,130 Btu/h.

(A) 22,130 Btu/h

(B) 24,780 Btu/h

(C) 28,220 Btu/h

(D) 30,550 Btu/h

Mechanical PE - HVAC and Refrigeration

Specific heat at all temperatures: 0.5 Btu/lb-°F

Latent heat of fusion: 133 Btu/lb.

Freezing point: 10 °F.

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢

Add in the safety factor