1.

Hitunglah pH larutan yang terbentuk dari campuran berikut :

a. 100 mL larutan HCN 0.1 M + 50 mL larutan NaCN 0.2 M (Ka HCN = 4 x 10-5)
b. 50 mL larutan NH3 0.2 M + 100 mL larutan NH4Cl 0.1 M (Kb NH3 =1 x 10-5)
c. 150 mL larutan CH3COOH 0.1 M + 100 mL larutan NaOH 0.1 M (Ka CH3COOH
=1 x 10-5)
d. 200 mL larutan NH3 0.1 M + 100 mL larutan HCl 0.1 M (Kb NH3 =1 x 10-
Jawab :
a. [H+] = Ka mol asam lemah
Mol garam. ×
= 4 x 10-5 x 0.1 M X 100 mL
0.1 M x 100 mL x 1
= 4 x 10-5
pH= 5 – log 4= 4.39

b. [OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah

Mol garam. ×
=1 x 10-5 x 0.2 M x 50 mL
0.1 M x 100 mL x 1
= 1 x 10-5
pOH= 5 – log 1
pH= 14 - 5 = 9

c. n CH3COOH = 0.1 M x 150 mL = 15 mmol

n NaOH = 0.1 M x 100 mL = 10 mmol
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
m 15 10 - -
r 10 10 - 10 10 +
s 5 - 10 10
[H ] = Ka mol asam lemah
+

mol garam. ×
=1 x 10-5 x 5 mmol = 5 x 10-6
10 mmol
pH= 6 – log 5 = 5.30

d. n NH3 = 0.1 M x 200 mL x 20 mmol

n HCl = 0.1 M x 100 mL x 10 mmol
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
m 20 10 -
r 10 10 - 10 +
s 10 - 10
[OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah
Mol garam. ×
=1 x 10 x 10 mmol = 5 x 10-5
-5
 10 mmol
pOH= 5
pH= 14 - 5 = 9

2. Berapa volume larutan NaOH 0.1 M dan CH3COOH 0.1 M yang diperlukan untuk
membuat 100 mL larutan penyangga dengan pH = 6 (Ka CH3COOH = 1 x 10-5)
Jawab :
n CH3COOH = 0.1M x V mL = 0.1V mmol
n NaOH = 0.1M x (100-V) mL = 10-0.1V mmol
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
m 0.1V 10-0.1V - -
r 10-0.1V 10-0.1V - 10-0.1V 10-0.1V +
s 0.2V-10 - 10-0.1V 10-0.1V
[H+] = Ka mol asam lemah
mol garam. ×
10-6=1 x 10-5 x 0.2V-10
10-0.1V
10-1(10-0.1V) = 0.2V-10
1-10-2V= 0.2V-10
11= 0.21V
V= 11 =52.38 mL (Volume CH3COOH)
0.21
V NaOH = 100 – 52.39 = 47.62 mL

3. Berapa gram NaOH (Mr=40) harus dimasukan ke dalam 200 mL larutan CH3COOH
0.005 M agar didapat larutan penyangga dengan pH = 4 (Ka CH3COOH = 1 x 10-5)
Jawab :
n CH3COOH = 0.05M x 200 mL = 10 mmol
n NaOH = n mmol
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
m 10 n - -
r n n - n n +
s 10-n - n n
[H+] = Ka mol asam lemah
mol garam. ×
10 =1 x 10-5 x 10-n
-4

n
10 n = 10-n
-1

11-n = 10
n = 10 = 0.909
11
gr = n x Mr = 0.909 x 40 = 36.36 gr
4. Larutan NH4OH 0.1 M yang volumenya 400 mL ditambahkan ke dalam H2SO4,
ternyata diperoleh larutan penyangga pH = 9 – 2 log 2(Kb NH4OH =10-5 ). Hitunglah
kemolaran H2SO4 tersebut.
Jawab :
n NH4OH = 0.1 M x 400 mL = 40 mmol
n H2SO4 = n mmol
2NH4OH + H2SO4 (NH4) 2SO4 + 2H2O
m 40 n - - r
r 2n n - n 2n +
s 40-2n - n 2n
pH = 9 – 2 log 2 = 8.4
pOH = 14 – 8.4 = 5.6
[OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah
Mol garam. ×
2.5 x 10 = 10-5 x 40 – 2n
-6

2n
0.5n = 40 – 2n
2.5n = 40
n = 40
2.5
M = n = 16 mmol = 0.08 M
V 200mL

5. berapa volume NH4OH 0.1 M dan HCl 0.05M masing-masing harus dicampurkan
agar diperoleh 400 mL larutan penyanggga dengan pH = 9 – 2 log 2. (Kb NH4OH =
10-5)
Jawab :
n NH4OH = 0.1 M x V mL = 0.1V mmol
n HCl = 0.05 M x (400-V) mL = 20-0.05V mmol
NH4OH + HCl NH4Cl + H2O
m 0.1V 20-0.05V - -
r 20-0.05V 20-0.05V - 20-0.05V 20-0.05V +
s 0.15V-20 - 20-0.05V 20-0.05V
pH = 9 – 2 log 2 = 8.4
pOH = 14 – 8.4 = 5.6
[OH-]= 2.5 x 10-6
[OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah
mol garam. ×
2.5 x 10 = 10-5 x 0.15V-20
-6

20-0.05V
0.25(20-0.05V) = 0.15V-20
5-0.0125V = 0.15V – 20
25 = 0.1625 V
V= 25 = 153.84 mL (volume NH4OH)
0.1625
Volume HCl = 400 - 153.84 = 246.16 mL

6. Larutan NH4OH dengna volume 200 mL ditambahkan ke dalam 200 mL larutan

H2SO4 sehingga diperoleh larutan penyangga dengan pH = 9 – 2 log 2. Jika diketahui
Kb NH4OH = 10-5, berapa kemolaran larutan NH4OH.
Jawab :
n NH4OH = n
n H2SO4 = 0.05 M x 200 mL = 10 mmol
2NH4OH + H2SO4 (NH4) 2SO4 + 2H2O
m n 10 - -

r 20 10 - 20 20 +

s n-20 - 10 20
pH = 9 – 2 log 2 = 8.4
pOH = 14 – 8.4 = 5.6
[OH-]= 2.5 x 10-6
[OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah
mol garam. ×
2.5 x 10 = 10 n-20
-6 -5

10 X 2
0.25 x 20 = n-20
5+20 = n
n = 25
n = M x V = 25 = 0.125 M
200

7. Hitunglah pH campuran antara 200 mL larutan HNO2 0.15 M dengan 150 mL

larutan KOH 0.10 M (Ka = 10-5)
Jawab :
n HNO2 = 0.15 M x 200 mL = 30 mmol
n KOH = 0.10 M x 150 mL = 15 mmol
HNO2 + KOH KNO2 + H2O
m 30 15 - -
r 15 15 - 15 15 +
s 15 - 15 15
[H+] = Ka mol asam lemah = 10-5 15 mmol = 10-5
mol garam. × 15 mmol
pH = 5
8. Suatu campuran penyangga yang terbentuk dari 500 mL larutan HCOOH 1M dan
500 mL larutan HCOONa 1M ditambah 100 mL yang mempunyai pH = 1. Hitunglah
pH sebelum dan sesudah diitambah larutan tersebut (Ka HCOOH = 2 x 10-4)
Jawab :
Menentukan pH sebelum
[H+] = Ka mol asam lemah = 2 x 10-4 1M x 500 Ml = 2 x 10-4
mol garam. × 1M x 500 mL x 1
pH = 4 – log 2 = 3.69
Menentukan pH sesudah ditambah larutan pH = 1
n HCOO- = 1 M x 500 mL = 500 mmol
n HCOOH = 1 M x 500 mL = 500 mL
n H+ = 10-1 x 100 mL = 10 mmol
H+ akan berkonjugasi dengan basa kanjugasi HCOO-
HCOO- + H HCOOH
m 500 10 500
r 10 10 - 10 +
s 490 - 510
[H+] = Ka mol asam lemah = 2 x 10-4 x 510 = 2.08 x 10-4
mol garam. × 490
pH = 4 – log 2.08 = 3.68

9. Sebanyak 50 ml larutan yang terdiri dari CH3COOH 1M dan CH3COONa 1M

ditambahkan larutan HCl 1M sebanyak 1 ml. Tentukan pH larutan setelah
penambahan HCl 1M ! ( Ka = 1.8 x 10-5)
Jawab :
n CH3COOH = 50 x 1 = 50 mmol
n CH3COONa = 50 x 1 = 50 mmol
n HCl = 1 x 1 = 1 mmol
CH3COONa + HCl CH3COOH + NaCl
m 50 1 50 -
r 1 1 - 1 1+
s 49 - 51 1
[H+] = Ka mol asam lemah = 1.8 x 10-5 51 = 1.87 x 10-5
mol garam. × 59
pH = - log [H+]
pH = 5 – log 1.87 = 4.72

10. Bila 2 liter larutan NH4OH 0.2 M dicampurkan dengan 2 liter larutan NH4Cl 0.2 M
dan Kb NH4OH = 1.8 x 10-5
Tentukan:
a. pH larutan penyangga
b. pH larutan penyangga setelah penambahan 10 ml HCl 0.1 M
c. pH larutan penyangga setelah penambahan 10 ml NaOH 0.1 M
Jawab:
a. n NH4OH = V × M = 2 × 0.2 = 0.4 mol
n NH4Cl = V × M = 2 × 0.2 = 0.4 mol
[OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah = 1.8 x 10-5 0.4 = 1.8 x 10-5
mol garam 0.4
pOH = - log [OH-] = - log 1.8 x 10-5
pH = 14 – ( 5 – log 1.8)
pH = 9 + log 1.8 = 9 + 0.255 = 9.255
Jadi, pH larutan adalah = 9.255

b. n NH4Cl awal = 0.4 mol = 400 mmol

n NH4OH awal = 0.4 mol = 400 mmol
n HCl = V x M = 10 mL x 0.1 M = 1 mmol
NH4OH + HCl NH4Cl + H2O
m 400 1 400 -
r 1 1 - 1 1 +
s 399 - 401 1
[OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah = 1.8 x 10-5 399 = 1.79 x 10-5
mol garam 401
pOH = - log [OH-] = - log 1.79 x 10-5
pH = 14 – ( 5 – log 1.79)
pH = 9 + log 1.79 = 9 + 0.253 = 9.253
Jadi, pH larutan adalah 9.253

c. n NH4Cl awal = 0.4 mol = 400 mmol

n NH4OH awal = 0.4 mol = 400 mmol
n NaOH = V x M = 10 mL x 0.1 M = 1 mmol
NH4Cl + NaOH NH4OH + NaCl
m 400 1 400 -
r 1 1 - 1 - +
s 399 - 401 1
[OH-]= Kb mol basa lemah = 1.8 x 10-5 399 = 1.81 x 10-5
mol garam 401
pOH = - log [OH-] = - log 1.81 x 10-5
pH = 14 – ( 5 – log 1.81)
pH = 9 + log 1.81 = 9 + 0.258 = 9.258
Jadi, pH larutan adalah 9.258