UPS System

chapter 09
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a battery backup, provides emergency power
and, depending on the topology, line regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying power from
a separate source when utility power is not available.
A UPS can be used to provide uninterrupted power to equipment, typically for 60 minutes until an
auxiliary-/emergency power supply can be turned on (e.g. Diesel ), until utility power is restored, or the
connected equipment is safely shut downed.
This chapter describes features of the following devices:
BTL: Battery chargers (Rectifier) 400V AC / 220V DC

BTA: Battery 220V DC
Shuweihat S3, AE1172, Copyright © Siemens AG 2012 / Siemens Power Academy - Energy Solutions
BUK: DC/DC converters 220V DC / 26 DC
BRU: Power Inverter 220V DC / 230V AC
9-1
BTL - Battery Charger (Rectifier)
General:
The protection of electrical load against power failure is often carried out by battery backed up DC power
supplies, providing electrical energy to important loads during mains supply, as well as during mains
failure.
BENNING Thyrotronic rectifiers are operating with a controlled output characteristic.
The output voltage is kept constant to the set value with a permissible deviation of ± 0,5 % within a load
range between 0 % and 100 % of the unit current.
Mains voltage fluctuations of ± 10 % and mains frequency fluctuations of ± 5 % will be controlled

automatically and compensated.
As an energy storage mainly closed or vented lead acid batteries are used.
Nickel-cadmium batteries are used in extreme ambient conditions, which is the case for Shuweihat S3
Power Plant.
9-2
BTL - Battery Charger (Rectifier)
Principle:
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process
known as rectification. This almost always involves the use of some device that only allows one-way flow
of electrons, a diode or a thyristor. Below schematic diagram shows a Three-Phase Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier Circuit Diagram. Each three-phase line connects between a pair of diodes: one to route power
to the positive (+) side of the load, and the other to route power to the negative (-) side of the load.
Three-Phase Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Circuit Diagram Output voltage
9-3
BTL - Battery Charger (Thyrotronic)
The Thyrotronic series consists mainly of a thyristor-controlled
power unit and a microprocessor-controlled monitoring and
control unit.
Characteristics:
Rectifier in 6 pulse three-phase full-wave bridge circuit with full

control
Smoothing chokes and capacitor bank to reduce ripple
Operation to an I/U-characteristic with high temperature stability
Operation without parallel battery system is possible
Control unit with digital setpoint setting
Display and operation unit with graphical LCD display on the front
door
Battery charger housed in a metal-clad cubicle with doors at the
front
Equipment installed is accessible from the front
Equipped with monitoring devices and measuring instruments
9-4
BTL - Battery Charger (for ST & Common –part))
Battery Charger 70/80 BTL10/20
BENNING D400G216/315BWrug-TDG
AC Input voltage: 400V 3phase/PEN
Rated DC Output voltage: 216V (1,2V / Cell)
( „Direct feeding“)
Float charging: 252,0 V (1,4V / Cell)

Boost charging: 270,0 V (1,5V / Cell)
Equalizing charge: 306,0 V (1,7V / Cell)
Voltage decrease: 162,0 V (0,9V / Cell)
(Battery Circuit Test every 24h for 5 sec.)
Boost charging and Equalizing charge is only allowed during complete plant shut down, because
the BTL- rectifier redundancy and the emergency supply via battery supply is not available !!!
9-5
BTL - Battery Charger
Modes of Operation:
Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries achieve
optimum service life when remaining on float (Float charging),
in a charged condition.
This mode is to be set as standard operating mode for the
battery charger. At every start of the battery charger this mode is
activated automatically. The application of this mode is the
stand-by parallel operation of the battery and the consumer
connected to the 220V DC busbar.
Switching the charge characteristic from float charging
(1,4V / Cell) to Boost charging (1,5 V/cell) gives an accelerated
recharge of the battery.
Parallell Operation
When switched to Equalizing charge the battery is charged
with 306V (1,7V / Cell) and measured while discharging. During Boost charge and
This mode is used to check for proper operation of each battery Equalizing Charge all
cell. consumers must be
disconnected!!!
The „Direct Feed“ is a special mode with a voltage equal to the rated voltage (216 V). This mode
applies in case when the battery is disconnected from the battery charger and the battery charger is just
feeding the 220V DC busbar.
9-6
Display & Operation Unit:
The display and operation unit mounted on the front door of the Thyrotronic features a graphical LCD
display to indicate the status and the measurements in plain text, as well as 17 LED’s controlled by the
monitoring and control unit. Green LED`s indicate that this is normal operation, yellow LED`s indicate an
abnormal operating condition and red LED`s indicate a malfunction.
Equal./boost charge
Battery Charger – Front Panel The 4 LED’s integrated in the
display above the push buttons are
9-7
linked to fixed functions
ST Battery Charger
Shuweihat S3, AE1172, Copyright © Siemens AG 2012 / Siemens Power Academy - Energy Solutions 9-8
BTA – Vented NiCd-Battery
Batteries provide a secure power supply to essential plant DC loads in case of total loss of AC power
supply.
Operation
The batteries are operated in parallel standby mode and are kept fully charged during normal operation
of the plant.
The operating voltage is 1,2V per cell where no additional charging is necessary.
Therefore, disconnection of the loads is only required in exceptional events,
e.g. boost-charging of the Ni-Cd batteries after emergency discharge.
The current varies over time depending on the static and dynamic loads.
During the discharge time, the voltage of the Ni-Cd battery does not drop
below the minimum values permitted for the loads.
If the battery is completely discharged after an emergency has occurred it is recommended to

equalizing-charge the battery to shorten the battery charging duration directly after the AC supply is
restored.
The turbine/generator set is allowed only be started if the battery is fully charged again.
9-9
BTA – Vented NiCd-Battery
In a conventional flooded electrolyte pocket plate Flame arresting vents
nickel-cadmium battery water is lost from the battery
Protective cover to
on overcharge. The Uptimax battery has been prevent external
designed with an excess of cadmium negative material to short circuits
enhance this effect and ensure that oxygen evolution
Plate group bus
commences prior to hydrogen evolution. The oxygen which
is produced at the positive plate surface is collected by the
special porous separator and thus not allowed to escape Plate tab
from the region between the plates. Some displacement

of electrolyte within the separator occurs, thus generating
extra unfilled pores for the diffusion of oxygen directly to
the adjacent cadmium negative plate. Pocket Plate
Fibrous separators
Topping-up interval 14,6 years !!
9 - 10
BTA – NiCd-Battery
The nickel-cadmium battery is a type of rechargeable battery using uses nickel oxide hydroxide
(positive) and metallic cadmium hydroxide (negative) as electrodes.
This electrodes are immersed in an alkaline solution (electrolyte) comprising potassium, sodium and
lithium hydroxides.
The electrolyte is only used for ion transfer; it is not chemically changed or degraded during the
charge/discharge cycle. In the case of the lead acid (PbSO4) battery, the positive and negative
active materials chemically react with the sulphuric acid electrolyte resulting in an ageing process.
The NiCd block battery has an electrolyte which allows it to have a
normal operating temperature of from –40°C to +70°C.
The batteries are tolerating deep discharge for long periods.
NiCd batteries typically last longer, in terms of number of
charge/discharge cycles, than other rechargeable batteries such as
lead/acid batteries.
9 - 11
Battery layout 71/72/81/82 BTA10
PCC - UBA 02
Shuweihat S3, AE1172, Copyright © Siemens AG 2012 / Siemens Power Academy - Energy Solutions 9 - 12
Battery room (Example from Shuweihat S2)
BUK - DC/DC Converter
Configuration:
For the 24 VDC supply of the I&C cubicles and other 24V auxiliary systems each gasturbine and each of the
steam turbine units including common part is equipped with two sets (2x100%) of 220/24V DC-DC-converters
*BUK01* and *BUK02*. Each DC-DC converter cubicle is equipped with a set of 100% DC/DC-converters. The
DC-DC-converter cubicles are supplied from the associated two 220 VDC switchgear boards *BUB* and
*BUC*.
The circuit breakers and isolators of the 24V DC system are of manually operated types.
The DC/DC-converter-racks are operated in “parallel

operation” within one cabinet. To prevent that
the converter-racks mutually affect each other during
parallel operation (in case of internal malfunctions), the
outputs are decoupled using diodes on the output of the
converters. In order to ensure symmetrical output current
distribution, the control units of the converter perform a
parallel operation adjustment realized by data bus connected
between the converter-racks.
Any interruption of the 220V DC supply voltage must
not cause a final switch-off of the DC/DC converter.
After the recovery of the 220V DC supply voltage the
DC/DC-converter shall resume normal operation without the
need of any local or remote start-up signal.
9 - 14
Function:
In the DC-DC converter the direct voltage applied at the input end is converted into direct voltage of
another level which is then fed to the consumers.
In the DC-DC converters the input voltage is routed via an input filter to an energy storage consisting of
electrolyte capacitors. Through high-speed power transistors (MOSFET) which convert the DC input to
high frequency rectangular voltage and a transformer to give the required output voltage.
The rectification is achieved using high speed diodes. A special choke reduces the ripple of the output
voltage to ≤ 1 %. The DC Converter is equipped with a microprocessor subassembly for control and
monitoring, it also has an interface for remote communications
Operating frequency:
When using a high frequency, this allows the use of smaller inductors. transformers and capacitors in
order to handle the same power level. And this in turn allows a reduction in both the size and material
cost of the converters .
Of course moving to a higher operating frequency also increases same kinds of losses. Once you go
beyond a few hundred hertz iron can't be used in the inductor or transformer core, for example - its
losses are too great.
So ferrite material must be used instead, but this allows very efficient operation at many hundreds of
kilohertz. Progress is being made all the time in developing materials and components that work
efficiently at high frequencies.
Already some DC-DC converters operate very efficiently at around 1 MHz.
9 - 15
Characteristics:
Converters are designed for continuous operation
Up to four parallel converter units can be installed in one
metal clad cubicle with a front door
All equipment installed is accessible from the front side
Prevention of overloading due to automatic current
limitation
Automatically delayed trip in case of under-voltage
MCB's and switches for the outgoing feeders are
integrated in the converter cubicle
Monitoring devices and measuring instruments are
integrated in the panel front
9 - 16
The graphic LCD in the front panel indicates current, voltage, data address, as well as the operating
status of the system. Operation and fault indicators are available on the front panel. All terminals and
operating elements are installed on the front side of the DC-DC converter.
LED's for indicating operating states

ON/OFF unit switch
LC display for indicating
current, voltage and other
operating states
9 - 17
Technical Data:
BRU - DC/AC Inverter
Application:
The static inverter provides power to essential AC loads (e.g. I&C equipment) which require
uninterruptible power supply.
The infeed voltage is taken from the battery powered 220V DC switchgear.
The integrated static bypass switch automatically takes over the power supply in case of an inverter
failure or DC infeed loss, so that the power supply is not interrupted.
From 70BMG From 70BFG
9 - 19
Operating Mode ‘Inverter’:
This mode is to be set as standard operating mode for the inverter. At every start of the inverter
this mode shall be activated automatically. The application of this mode is to provide an
uninterruptible power supply for specific 230V/400V AC consumer. The output voltage of the
inverter is synchronized to the AC input voltage of the bypass in order to allow an uninterruptible
switch-over between inverter an auto-bypass.
Operating Mode ‘Auto-Bypass’:
Fallback mode to supply the specific 230V/400V AC consumer in case of a failure in the inverter or
loss of the DC input power supply. Activation and stop of this mode have to be performed
automatically by the internal control of the cabinet or by manual/local control. Switch-over from the
inverter bridge to the auto-bypass must not interrupt the voltage waveform and must not lead to
any disturbance of the consumers (switching time inverter-to-bypass <2ms). After voltage recovery
of the DC input power supply, the loads shall be instantly and automatically switched back without
interruption of the voltage waveform (switching time bypass-to-inverter <2ms).
Operating Mode ‘Manual-Bypass’:
Fallback mode to supply specific 230V/400V AC consumer in case the control electronic as well as
the power electronic of the inverter cabinet are to be switched-off. Activation and stop of this mode
is limited to manual/local control. Switch-over from the inverter bridge to the manual-bypass does
not interrupt the voltage waveform and does not lead to any disturbance of the consumers. This
requirement also applies for the switch-back from manual-bypass to normal inverter-operation.
9 - 20
Characteristics
Suitable for continuous operation in the nominal or emergency power mode

Housed in a metal-clad cubicle with front doors
All equipment installed is accessible from the front side
Standard design with full electronic control
Integrated manual bypass switch for service activities
Monitoring devices and measuring instruments
MCB’s for the outgoing feeders are integrated in the inverter cubicle
BRU-Consumers:
H2 Gas Analyser (MKG31/32CQ001)

Generator Exhaust Blower (MKQ82AN001)
CCR I&C Power supply (BJD01)
Aviation Warning Lights (HNE00GH001)
CEMS System (CFE01GH001)
9 - 21
General Arrangement (Example):
The operation of the inverter is made by a plastic foil keyboard with 6 keys, 2 three colored and 4 single
colored LED’s. There is a mimic diagram on the operating section.
The operating condition and any operational disturbances are represented by the multi color LED’s.
There is a 4-line, 80-digit LC display in the operating section for reading information and/or for clear
guidance by the menu. Control of the operating section takes place via the display controller, which
communicates over the CAN bus with the controller board.
In addition, the most important operating and fault signals are indicated by 13 single LED’s.
9 - 23
Technical Data:
DC/ UPS (HMI)

UPS System

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chapter 09

Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

This chapter describes features of the following devices:

BTL: Battery chargers (Rectifier) 400V AC / 220V DC

Mains voltage fluctuations of ± 10 % and mains frequency fluctuations of ± 5 % will be controlled

Rectifier in 6 pulse three-phase full-wave bridge circuit with full

Float charging: 252,0 V (1,4V / Cell)

If the battery is completely discharged after an emergency has occurred it is recommended to

from the region between the plates. Some displacement

Topping-up interval 14,6 years !!

The DC/DC-converter-racks are operated in “parallel

LED's for indicating operating states

Suitable for continuous operation in the nominal or emergency power mode

H2 Gas Analyser (MKG31/32CQ001)

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