Cálculos: Rectificación

Datos experimentales:

Pop = 0.3 kg / cm2, Pabs = 1.333 kg / cm2

Pvap = 0.43 kg / cm2, Pabs = 1.463 kg / cm2

∆h = 2.4 cm

t = 4 min

T = 31 ° C @ p = 995.41 kg / m3

Alimentación Destilado Residuo

T (°C) 28 25 25
p (g/cm3) 0.952 0.805 0.98
Xpeso 0.28 0.96 0.1
Xmol 0.18 0.93 0.059
%R 100% 11% 81%

- Corrección del rotámetro:

-Alimentación:
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑀𝑓 = (32 ∗ 0.18 + 18 ∗ 0.82) = 20.52
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑙
𝑙 𝑙 7.02 ∗ 𝑝 𝑙 𝐻20
𝐻20 = 𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 ∗ √ ∴ 𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑓 − 𝑝 𝑚𝑖𝑛 7.02 ∗ 𝑝
√
𝑝𝑓 − 𝑝
𝑔
𝑝𝑓 = 8.02
𝑐𝑚3
𝑔
𝑝 = 0.952
𝑐𝑚3
𝑙 1.64 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 = = 1.69 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛
√ 7.02 ∗ 0.952
8.02 − 0.952
1000 𝑐𝑚3 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.952 𝑔 1 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹 = 1.69 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ ( )∗( )∗( ) ∗ ( ) ∗ ( ) = 4.7
1𝑙 1ℎ 1 𝑐𝑚3 1000 𝑔 20.52 𝑘𝑔 ℎ

-Destilado:
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑀𝑑 = (32 ∗ 0.93 + 18 ∗ 0.07) = 31.02
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
 𝑙 1.01 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 = = 1.14 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛
√ 7.02 ∗ 0.805
8.02 − 0.805
𝑙 11% 𝑙
1.14 ∗( ) = 0.1254
𝑚𝑖𝑛 100% 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑙 1000 𝑐𝑚3 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.805 𝑔 1 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐷 = 0.1254 ∗( )∗( )∗( ) ∗ ( ) ∗ ( ) = 0.1952
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1𝑙 1ℎ 1 𝑐𝑚3 1000 𝑔 31.02 𝑘𝑔 ℎ

-Residuo:
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑀𝑤 = (32 ∗ 0.06 + 18 ∗ 0.94) = 18.84
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑙 1.64 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 = = 1.66 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 7.02 ∗ 0.98
√
8.02 − 0.98
𝑙 81%
1.66 ∗( ) = 1.34 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 100%
𝑙 1000 𝑐𝑚3 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.98 𝑔 1 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑊 = 1.34 ∗( )∗( )∗( 3
)∗( )∗( ) = 4.18
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1𝑙 1ℎ 1 𝑐𝑚 1000 𝑔 18.84 𝑘𝑔 ℎ

-Balance General:

𝐹 = 𝐷+𝑊
4.7 = 4.18 + 0.1952; 4.7 = 4.37

-Ajustando el Destilado:
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐷 = 4.7 − 4.18 = 0.52
ℎ
-Reflujo: (a 12%R)
𝑙 4.5 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 = = 5.15 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛
√ 7.02 ∗ 0.805
8.02 − 0.805
𝑙 12%
5.15 ∗( ) = 0.618 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 100%
1000 𝑐𝑚3 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.805 𝑔 1 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐿 = 0.618 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ ( )∗( )∗( 3
)∗( )∗( ) = 0.96
1𝑙 1ℎ 1 𝑐𝑚 1000 𝑔 31.02 𝑘𝑔 ℎ

-Cálculo de Rop y bop:

𝐿 0.96
𝑅𝑜𝑝 = = = 1.85
𝐷 0.52
 𝑥𝑑 0.93
𝑏𝑜𝑝 = = = 0.33
𝑅𝑜𝑝 + 1 1.85 + 1
-Calculo de q:
𝐻𝑣𝑓 − ℎ𝑓
𝑞= ; 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 𝑡𝑓 = 28℃
𝐻𝑣𝑓 − ℎ𝑤𝑓
𝐻𝑣𝑓 = 𝐶𝑝𝑓 ∗ (𝑡𝑑 − 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑓) + 𝜆𝑑
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝑓 = (19.38 ∗ 0.18) + (18 ∗ 0.82) = 18.25
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℃
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝜆𝑑𝑓 = (8415 ∗ 0.18) + (9718 ∗ 0.82) = 9483.46
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
-Leyendo de graficas:

td@Zf,tr = 96 °C
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐻𝑣𝑓 = 18.25 ∗ (96 − 28)℃ + 9483.46 = 10724.46
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℃ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ℎ𝑤𝑓 = 𝐶𝑝𝑓 ∗ (𝑡𝑤 − 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑓)
-Leyendo de graficas:

tw@Zf,tb = 83.2 °C
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
ℎ𝑤𝑓 = 18.25 ∗ (83.2 − 28)℃ = 1007.4
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℃ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐶𝑝𝑓 ∗ (𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑓) = 0
10724.46 − 0
𝑞= = 1.1
10724.46 − 1007.4
-Trazando las líneas de alimentación, de enriquecimiento y agotamiento, de graficas se obtiene que:

NET= 6
𝑵𝑷𝑻 𝟔−𝟏
𝜼= ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟒𝟏%
𝑵𝑷𝑹 𝟏𝟕
-Eficiencia térmica:

𝑭𝒉𝒇 + 𝑸𝒉 = 𝑫𝒉𝒅 + 𝑾𝒉𝒘 + 𝑸𝒄 ; 𝑸𝒔 = 𝑸𝒂

𝑄𝑎
𝜂= ∗ 100
𝑄𝑠
-Cálculo de Qc:

𝑄𝑐 = 𝐷 ∗ (𝑅𝑜𝑝 + 1) ∗ 𝜆𝑑
 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝜆𝑑 = (8415 ∗ 0.93) + (9718 ∗ 0.07) = 8506.21
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑐 = 0.52 ∗ (1.85 + 1) ∗ 8506.21 = 12606.2
ℎ
-Cálculo de entalpias:
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
ℎ𝑓 = 𝐶𝑝𝑓 ∗ 𝑡𝑓 = 18.25 ∗ 28 = 511
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ℎ𝑤 = 𝐶𝑝𝑤 ∗ 𝑡𝑤; tw@xw = 93℃
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝑤 = (19.38 ∗ 0.06) + (18 ∗ 0.94) = 18.08
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℃
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
ℎ𝑤 = 18.08 ∗ 93 = 1681.44
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ℎ𝑑 = 𝐶𝑝𝑑 ∗ 𝑡𝑑 ; 𝑡𝑑@𝑥𝑑 = 67℃
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐶𝑝𝑑 = (19.38 ∗ 0.93) + (18 ∗ 0.07) = 19.28
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ℃
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
ℎ𝑑 = 19.28 ∗ 67 = 1291.76
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
-Cálculo de Qh:
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄ℎ = 𝑀𝑣 ∗ 𝜆𝑣 ; 𝜆𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 640.93
𝑘𝑔

𝜋 𝜋
4 ∗ 𝜃 2 ∗ Δℎ ∗ 𝜌 4 ∗ (0.4)2 ∗ (0.024) ∗ (995.41) 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑣 = = = 45.05
𝑡 1 ℎ
4∗
60
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄ℎ = 45.05 ∗ 640.3 = 28873.9
ℎ
-Cálculo de la eficiencia térmica:
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑠 = 𝐹ℎ𝑓 + 𝑄ℎ = 31275.6
ℎ
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑎 = 𝐷ℎ𝑑 + 𝑊ℎ𝑤 + 𝑄𝑐 = 20306.33
ℎ
20306.33
𝜂= ∗ 100 = 64.93%
31275.6
Eficiencia de platos:
Plato Índice de Refracción Xpeso Xmol
1 1.3456 - -
2 1.3394 0.765 0.65
3 1.3330 0.94 0.9
4 1.3341 0.912 0.85
5 1.3341 0.912 0.85
6 1.3341 0.912 0.85
7 1.3341 0.912 0.85
8 1.33305 0.94 0.9
9 1.33407 0.914 0.856
10 1.33405 0.915 0.858
11 1.33405 0.915 0.858
12 1.33515 0.07 0.041
13 1.3373 0.16 0.097
14 1.34055 0.295 0.19
15 1.34265 - -
16 1.3426 - -
17 1.3426 - -
Si alimento 100% con el rotámetro de alimentación y tengo una composición de alimentación
del 23%w de metanol ¿Qué porcentaje debo de tener de destilado y residuo?
Datos:
Pman = 0.5 kg / cm2
Alimentación: 1.64 l/min – 100%R ; Zfpeso=0.23
Residuo: 1.64 l/min – 100%R ; Xwpeso=0.06
Destilado: 1.01 l/min – 100%R ; Xdpeso=1

Alimentación Destilado Residuo

p (g/cm3) 0.957 0.795 0.987
Xpeso 0.23 1 0.06
Xmol 0.14 1 0.03

-Alimentación:
𝑙
𝑙 𝑙 7.02 ∗ 𝑝 𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐻20
𝐻20 = 𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 ∗ √ ∴ 𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 =
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑓 − 𝑝 𝑚𝑖𝑛 7.02 ∗ 𝑝
√
𝑝𝑓 − 𝑝
𝑙 1.64 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑒𝑧𝑐𝑙𝑎 = = 1.68 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛
√ 7.02 ∗ 0.937
8.02 − 0.937
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑀𝑓 = (32 ∗ 0.14 + 18 ∗ 0.86) = 19.96
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
1000 𝑐𝑚3 0.937 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐹 = 1.68 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ ( )∗( 3
)∗( ) = 80.54
1𝑙 1 𝑐𝑚 19.96 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑛

Balance General:
F=D+W-1
Balance por componente más volátil:
Fzf=Dxd+Wxw – 2
Se obtiene que:
D = 9.13 mol / min
W = 71.41 mol / min
-Destilado:
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑀𝑑 = (32 ∗ 1 + 18 ∗ 0) = 32
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 32 𝑔 1 𝑐𝑚3 1𝑙
9.13 ∗( )∗( )∗( ) = 0.3675 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.795 𝑔 1000 𝑐𝑚3

𝑙 7.02 ∗ 0.795
𝐻20 = 0.3675 ∗ √ = 0.32 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 8.02 − 0.795

100
0.32 𝑙/ min∗ ( ) = 32.67%𝑅
1.01
-Residuo:
𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑀𝑤 = (32 ∗ 0.03 + 18 ∗ 0.97) = 18.42
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 18.42 𝑔 1 𝑐𝑚3 1𝑙
71.41 ∗( )∗( )∗( ) = 1.33 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.987 𝑔 1000 𝑐𝑚3

𝑙 7.02 ∗ 0.987
𝐻20 = 1.32 ∗ √ = 1.32 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 8.02 − 0.987

100
1.32 𝑙/ min∗ ( ) = 80.49%𝑅
1.64

Encontrar el plato de alimentación:

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝑜𝑝 = 0.3 + 0.79 = 1.09
𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚2
P = 1200 mmHg
T Xa Ya
113.3 0 0
100.9 0.1 0.41
94.5 0.2 0.57
90.5 0.3 0.66
87.7 0.4 0.72
85.4 0.5 0.78
83.4 0.6 0.82
81.6 0.7 0.87
79.9 0.8 0.91
78.3 0.9 0.96
76.8 1 1
tb@zf = 95 °C
 P = 760 mmHg P = 800 mmHg
T Xa Ya T Xa Ya
100 0 0 101.4 0 0
87.7 0.1 0.42 89.3 0.1 0.42
81.7 0.2 0.58 83.3 0.2 0.58
77.9 0.3 0.67 79.5 0.3 0.67
75.2 0.4 0.74 76.8 0.4 0.73
73 0.5 0.79 74.5 0.5 0.79
71.1 0.6 0.83 72.6 0.6 0.83
69.3 0.7 0.87 70.9 0.7 0.87
67.7 0.8 0.92 69.2 0.8 0.92
66.2 0.9 0.96 67.7 0.9 0.96
64.7 1 1 66.2 1 1
tb@zf = 83 ° tb@zf = 84
°C

Tabla de Resultados:

q 1.1
Rex 1.85
Eficiencia de la columna 29.41%
Eficiencia térmica 64.93%
Observaciones:

Conclusiones:
Bibliografías:
- Douglas, J.M. (1998). Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes. Estados
Unidos: McGraw – Hill.
- Cerda, J. y Westerberg, A.W. (1981). Industrial Engineering Chemical
Process Design and Development.