Features for Optimization

RN2022-13N
RANOP – Radio Network Optimization Principles
Features for Optimization

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 1
Features for Optimization

Objectives

At the end of the this chapter participants will be able to

• know which features can be used in optimization process

2 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 2
Features for Optimization

Contents of RANOP

• Introduction to optimization
– What is network optimization
– What should be taken into account when starting Network
Optimization?
• Assessment
– Situation at the moment
• KPIs and Measurements
– Measurement tables + KPIs
•Solution findings (optimization) and verification
– Maximum gain in limited time
– Bottlenecks
• Features to be considered
– NSN recommended features to be used in optimization

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 3
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered– table of contents

• Features to be considered can be divided as follows

– Traffic handling
– Interference handling
– (E)GPRS Features

4 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 4
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
Traffic handling

5 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 5
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered -Traffic handling

• Traffic handling is needed when traffic handling based on

strongest signal = based on dominance areas is not working
good enough
• Traffic can be handled for example with following features
– Umbrella
– CBCCH (Common BCCH)
– Traffic reason HO
– DFCA
– DADL/B (Direct Access to Desired Layer/Band )
– Soft channel capacity

6 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 6
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered -Traffic handling

Common BCCH
• Combine signaling channels
• Combine traffic channels, improve trunking gain
• Tighter reuse of non-BCCH frequency band
• Quality improvement due to decreased number of handovers

CBCCH Example
BTS 1, 900 layer, BCCH frequency band
BTS 2, 1800 layer, non BCCH frequency band

GSM 900 Traffic can be pushed to other

BCCH, SDCCH layer based on
 Load
GSM 900, TCH
 Signal level
GSM 1800, TCH
 PBGT

7 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 7
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered -Traffic handling

Common BCCH

Existing BTS parameters are divided into

• Common segment specific parameters
BTS specific
• BTS specific parameters parameters

Segment
specific
BCF BCF
parameters

BTS BTS

SEGMENT
GSM 1800
900
BCCH GSM 900
1800
GSM 900
1800

8 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 8
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered -Traffic handling

Umbrella between 2 cells Note!
These 2 cells can locate
HO area also in the same site
cellA
cellB

When the signal is better than the umbrella threshold

(for example AUCL= -80dB) => Traffic will be pushed to other cell
cellA
cellB

Dominance area is now bigger

HOs back to cellA

• PBGT (should be adjusted higher)
• Level
• Quality

9 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 9
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
Interference handling

10 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 10
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
Interference handling
• Interference handling is needed when
• Interference can be handled with following features
– AMR FR / HR ( also capacity feature)
– SAIC/DARP
– DFCA
– Frequency Hopping

11 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 11
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
AMR FR / HR
AMR Full Rate (AMR Quality & Coverage)
– AMR FR increases Spectral Efficiency (EFL)
– AMR FR increases indoor signal strength
– AMR FR increases the effective cell size
AMR Half Rate (AMR Capacity)
– AMR enables the usage of the half-rate more users without a
decrease in the voice quality

Handover

AMR Half Rate

7.4 5.9 4.75
12.2 7.95 4.75
Handover

Link
adaption

AMR Full Rate

12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 12
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
SAIC and DARP
SAIC = Single Antenna Interference
Cancellation
Generic term for a receiver algorithm in a handset
utilising one antenna
Nokia’s phase 1 SAIC is a proprietary algorithm

DARP = Downlink Advanced Receiver

Performance
3GPP standardized feature for 2G utilising SAIC
and uplink signalling
Introduced in Rel-6 as release independent feature
• Can be introduced to terminals supporting earlier
3GPP releases
Nokia’s phase 2 SAIC is 3GPP compliant DARP
feature

13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 13
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
SAIC/DARP
Modulations:
InIntoday's
today'snetwork
network the
thevast
vastamount
amountofoftraffic
trafficisisGMSK
GMSK
GMSK FR, HR and EFR modulated
speech modulated
AMR speech
GPRS
EDGE (MCS1-4) SAIC
Control channel
SAICisisdigital
digitalsignal
signalprocessing
processingtechnique,
technique,
which
whichuses
usesthethecorrelation
correlationproperties
propertiesofofaa
8-PSK EDGE (MCS5-9) GMSK
GMSK modulated signal to performan
modulated signal to perform an
active
activecancellation
cancellationofofthe
theinterfering
interferingsignals
signals
Neighbor
BTS

GMSK
GMSKmodulated
modulatedinterferers SAIC
interferers SAICgain
gain
Own
cell fc 8-PSK
8-PSKmodulated
modulatedinterferer No
interferer NoSAIC
SAICgain
gain/ /No
Noloss
loss

Gains
Gainson
onboth
bothsynchronized
synchronizedand
andnon-synchronized
non-synchronizednetworks
networks

Serving
BTS SAIC
SAICdoes
doesnot
notimprove
improvecoverage
coverage

14 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

Interferers are seen as colored noise, but most

L1 algorithms assumes white noise
contribuations. So SAIC basically tries to
whiten the interfering signals and thereby
improving performance of the algorithms.

In Coverage we are limited by own RF noise

already white  no gain.

RN20225EN13GLN0 14
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
DFCA – (Dynamic frequency & channel allocation)

Random FH
TRX 1 BCCH
TRX 2 Random FH
over a fixed
TRX 3 frequency
TRX 4 list •• Loose
Looseinterference
interferencecontrol
control
•• Relies
Relies on random spreadingofofthe
on random spreading the
interference
interference
DFCA
TRX 1 BCCH
Cyclic FH
TRX 2 over
individually C/I > C/I target
TRX 3 selected
frequency lists
TRX 4 and MAIOs
for each
connection
•• Accurate
Accurateinterference
interferencecontrol
control(C/I
(C/Iestimations)
estimations)
•• Each
Each connection is assigned with themost
connection is assigned with the mostsuitable
suitable
radio
radiochannel
channel(MA
(MAlist,
list,MAIO,
MAIO,TSL)
TSL)
15 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 15
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
(E)GPRS Features

16 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 16
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered
(E)GPRS Features
Example of (E)GPRS features
– NCCR, NACC
– EDA (Extended Dynamic Allocation)
– HMC (High Multislot Classes)
– Extended cell for (E)GPRS
– Dynamic Scheduling for Ext UL TBF
– PCU pooling

17 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 17
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered– (E)GPRS Features

Network Controlled Cell Reselection (NCCR)
• NCCR (Network Controlled Cell Reselection) enables the
network to control the resource allocation when the MS
performs the cell reselection.
• NCCR is an optional feature in Nokia BSC. Operator can
enable/disable the feature on BSC level.
• Network Control Mode (NCM) defines how cell re-selection is
performed:
Cell border with
GPRS default values

EDGE Packet Transfer Mode

BTS EDGE • Offset 24 dB when going from EDGE to
BTS
GPRS cell
• Offset -12 dB when going from GPRS
to EDGE cell
Cell border
EDGE with default EDGE
values
Result: EDGE MS does not
enter GPRS cell.

18 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 18
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered– (E)GPRS Features

Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)
NACC shortens the cell reselection in two ways:
• Sending neighbour cell system information on PACCH to MS
in packet transfer mode while it is camped on the serving cell
• By supporting PACKET SI STATUS procedure in a target cell
Cell Reselection Delays
Two-phase access, Inter-RA, Inter-PCU
Nokia 6230i
NC0 = “normal” cell
reselection 6

5 38% drop in
outage times

4
Time(s)

Application Outage
3 Data Outage
Cell Outage

0
NC0 NC0 + NACC
Network Control Mode

19 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 19
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered– (E)GPRS Features

Extended dynamic allocation (EDA)
Peak uplink throughput doubled to
236.8 kbit/s with 4 slots
Extended Dynamic
• Without EDA, 1 DL timeslot is needed for allocation increases
each UL timeslot GPRS/EDGE peak uplink
• With EDA, 1 DL timeslot can control throughput to 236.8 kbit/s
multiple UL timeslots
Peak uplink
throughput
With Class 1-12 mobiles, no EDA 350

– Maximum 4+1, 3+2 timeslots DL+UL 300

With Class 1-12 mobiles and EDA 250

200

– Maximum 1+4, 2+3 timeslots DL+UL S11.5

kb it/s
S12
150

With High Multislot mobiles and EDA 100

– Maximum 2+4, 3+3 Timeslots DL+UL 50

0
GPRS GPRS CS3/4 EDGE

20 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 20
Features for Optimization

Features to be considered– (E)GPRS Features

High multislot classes (HMC)
Supports 3GPP Release 5
High Multislot Mobiles High Multislot Classes
• Multi Slot Class 30 ... 45 Mobiles increases GPRS/EDGE peak
downlink throughput to 296
• Maximum (Sum = 6): 5+1, 4+2 kbit/s
Timeslots DL+UL
• With Extended Dynamic Allocation
also: 2+4, 3+3 Timeslots DL+UL
350

Peak downlink
Increased Downlink data rates 300
throughput
• Improved Video streaming 250

• Faster Web content browsing

200
S11.5

k b it/s
S12
150

• Faster mail attachment download 100

50

0
GPRS GPRS CS3/4 EDGE

21 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN20225EN13GLN0

RN20225EN13GLN0 21