The following table is provided for the convenience of the instructor, as many problems in this and the next

lesson are related.

Type of
Problem

Compute
I x and I y Fig. 9.12 Fig. 9.13B Fig. 9.13A

Compute
I xy 9.67 9.72 9.73 9.74 9.75 9.78

I x′, I y′, I x′y′

by equations 9.79 9.80 9.81 9.83 9.82 9.84

Principal
axes by 9.85 9.86 9.87 9.89 9.88 9.90
equations
I x′, I y′, I x′y′
by 9.91 9.92 9.93 9.95 9.94 9.96
Mohr's circle

Principal
axes by
9.97 9.98 9.100 9.101 9.103 9.106
Mohr’s
circle
 PROBLEM 9.71

Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the area
shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Have ( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy

Symmetry implies ( I xy )2 = 0
For the other rectangles I xy = I x′y′ + x yA

Where symmetry implies I x′y′ = 0

A in 2 x , in. y , in. Ax y in 4

1 4 ( 0.5 ) = 2 −2.75 1.0 −5.5

3 4 ( 0.5 ) = 2 2.75 −1.0 −5.5

Σ −11.00

or I xy = −11.00 in 4
 PROBLEM 9.72
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the
area shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Note: Orientation of A3 corresponding to a 180° rotation of the axes. Equation 9.20 then yields

I x′y′ = I xy

Symmetry implies ( I xy )1 = 0
Using Sample Problem 9.6 ( I x′y′ )2 = − 721 ( 9 in.)2 ( 4.5 in.)2 = −22.78125 in 4
1
and X 2 = 9 in. Y2 = 1.5 in. A2 = ( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.) = 20.25 in 2
2

Similarly, ( I x′y′ )3 = − 721 ( 9 in.)2 ( 4.5 in.)2 = −22.78125 in 4

1
and X 3 = −9 in. Y2 = −1.5 in. A3 = ( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.) = 20.25 in 2
2
0
Then ( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy with ( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3
and I xy = I x′y′ + x y A

Therefore, I xy = 2  −22.78125 + ( 9 )(1.5 )( 20.25 )  in 4

= 501.1875 in 4

or I xy = 501 in 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.73
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the
area shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Have ( )1 + ( I xy )2
I xy = I xy

For each semicircle I xy = I x′y′ + x y A and I x′y′ = 0 (symmetry)

Thus I xy = Σx y A

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm Ax y , mm 4

π 160
1 (120 )2 = 7200π − 60 − 69.12 × 106
2 π

π 160
2 (120 )2 = 7200π 60 69.12 × 106
2 π

Σ 138.24 × 106

or I xy = 138.2 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.74
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the
area shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Have ( )1 + ( I xy )2
I xy = I xy

For each rectangle I xy = I x′y′ + Ax y and I x′y′ = 0 (symmetry)

Thus I xy = Σ x y A

A, mm 2 x , mm y , mm Ax y , mm 4

1 76 ( 6.4 ) = 486.4 −12.9 9.4 −58 980.86

2 44.6 ( 6.4 ) = 285.44 21.9 −16.1 −100 643.29

Σ −159 624.15

or I xy = −0.1596 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.75
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the
area shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Have ( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy

Now symmetry implies ( I xy )1 = 0

and for the other rectangles I xy = I x′y′ + x y A where I x′y′ = 0 (symmetry)

Thus I xy = ( x y A)2 + ( x y ) A3

= ( −69 mm )( −25 mm ) (12 mm )( 38 mm ) 

+ ( 69 mm )( 25 mm ) (12 mm )( 38 mm ) 

= ( 786 600 + 786 600 ) mm 4 = 1 573 200 mm 4

or I xy = 1.573 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.76
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the
area shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Symmetry implies ( I xy )1 = 0
Using Sample Problem 9.6 and Equation 9.20, note that the orientation of A2 corresponds to a 90° rotation of
the axes; thus I x′y′ =
2
( )
1 2 2
72
b h

Also, the orientation of A3 corresponds to a 270° rotation of the axes; thus ( I x′y′ )3 = 721 b2h2

Then ( I x′y′ )2 = 721 ( 9 in.)2 ( 6 in.)2 = 40.5 in 4

1
and x2 = 6 in., y2 = −2 in., A2 = ( 9 in.)( 6 in.) = 27 in 2
2

Also ( I x′y′ )3 = ( I x′y′ )2 = 40.5 in 4

and x3 = −6 in., y3 = 2 in., A3 = A2 = 27 in 2
0
Now ( )1 − ( I xy )2 − ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy and I xy = I x′y′ + x y A ( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3
Then
 (
I xy = −2  40.5 in 4 + ( 6 in.)( −2 in.) 27 in 2 
 )
= −2 ( 40.5 − 324 ) in 4 or I xy = 567 in 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.77
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the area
shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Have I xy = I x′y′ + x y A

Where I x′y′ = 0 for each rectangle

Then ( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy
= Σ x yA
Now x1 = − (178.4 mm − 160 mm ) = −18.4 mm

y1 = 60 mm − 12.2 mm = 47.8 mm

A1 = 320 mm × 120 mm = 38400 mm 2

and x2 = − (178.4 mm + 30 mm ) = −208.4 mm

y2 = 40 mm − 12.2 mm = 27.8 mm

A2 = 60 mm × 80 mm = 4800 mm 2

and x3 = ( 320 mm − 178.4 mm ) − 40 mm = 101.6 mm

y3 = − (12.2 mm + 105 mm ) = −117.2 mm

A3 = ( 80 mm × 210 mm ) = 16800 mm 2

Then ( ) (
I xy = ( −18.4 mm )( 47.8 mm ) 38400 mm 2  + ( −208.4 mm )( 27.8 mm ) 4800 mm 2 
    )
(
+ (101.6 mm )( −117.2 mm ) 16800 mm 2 
  )
= − ( 33.7736 + 27.8089 + 200.0463) × 106 mm 4

= −261.6288 × 106 mm 4 or I xy = −262 × 106 mm 4 W

 PROBLEM 9.78
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the
area shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION

Have ( )1 + ( I xy )2
I xy = I xy

For each rectangle

I xy = I x′y′ + x yA and I x′y′ = 0 (symmetry)

Then I xy = Σx yA = ( −0.75 in.)( −1.5 in.) ( 3 in.)( 0.5 in.) 

+ ( 0.5 in.)(1.00 in.) ( 4.5 in.)( 0.5 in.) 

= (1.6875 + 1.125 ) in 4 = 2.8125 in 4

or I xy = 2.81 in 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.79
Determine for the quarter ellipse of Problem 9.67 the moments of inertia
and the product of inertia with respect to new axes obtained by rotating
the x and y axes about O (a) through 45o counterclockwise, (b) through
30o clockwise.

SOLUTION
π
From Figure 9.12: Ix = ( 2a )( a )3
16

π
= a4
8
π
Iy = ( 2a )3 ( a )
16
π
= a4
2
1 4
From Problem 9.67: I xy = a
2
1 π π  5
First note
1
2
( )
I x + I y =  a4 + a4  =
28 2  16
π a4

1 π π 
1
2
( ) 3
I x − I y =  a4 − a4  = − π a4
2 8 2  16

Now use Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20).

Equation (9.18): I x′ =
1
2
(
Ix + I y + )
1
2
( )
I x − I y cos 2θ − I xy sin 2θ

5 3 1
= π a 4 − π a 4 cos 2θ − a 4 sin 2θ
16 16 2

Equation (9.19): I y′ =
1
2
(
Ix + I y − )
1
2
( )
I x − I y cos 2θ + I xy sin 2θ

5 3 1
= π a 4 + π a 4 cos 2θ + a 4 sin 2θ
16 16 2

Equation (9.20): I x′y′ =

1
2
( )
I x − I y sin 2θ + I xy cos 2θ

3 1
=− π a 4 sin 2θ + a 4 cos 2θ
16 2
PROBLEM 9.79 CONTINUED

5 3 1
(a) θ = +45°: I x′ = π a 4 − π a 4 cos90° − a 4 sin 90°
16 16 2

or I x′ = 0.482a 4 W

5 3 1
I y′ = π + π a 4 cos 90° + a 4
16 16 2

or I y′ = 1.482a 4 W

3 1
I x′y′ = − π a 4 sin 90° + a 4 cos 90°
16 2

or I x′y′ = −0.589a 4 W

(b) θ = −30° :

5 3 1
I x′ = π a 4 − π a 4 cos ( −60° ) − a 4 sin ( −60° )
16 16 2

or I x′ = 1.120a 4 W

5 3 1
I y′ = π a 4 + π a 4 cos ( −60° ) + a 4 sin ( −60° )
16 16 2

or I y′ = 0.843a 4 W

3 1
I x′y′ = − π a 4 sin ( −60° ) + a 4 cos ( −60° )
16 2

or I x′y′ = 0.760a 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.80
Determine the moments of inertia and the product of inertia of the area of
Problem 9.72 with respect to new centroidal axes obtained by rotating the
x and y axes 45° clockwise.

SOLUTION

From the solution to Problem 9.72

I xy = 501.1875 in 4

A2 = A3 = 20.25 in 2
First compute the moment of inertia
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 with ( I x )2 = ( I x )3
1 3 1 3
=  (12 in.)( 9 in.)  + 2  ( 9 in.)( 4.5in.) 
12  12 

= ( 729 + 136.6875 ) in 4 = 865.6875 in 4

and ( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
Iy = Iy with ( I y )2 = ( I y )3
1 3 1
(2
=  ( 9 in.)(12 in.)  + 2  ( 4.5 in.)( 9 in.) + 20.25 in 2 ( 9 in.) 
12   36
3


)
= (1296 + 182.25 + 3280.5 ) in 4 = 4758.75 in 4

Ix + I y Ix − I y
From Equation 9.18 I x′ = + cos 2θ − I xy sin 2θ
2 2

865.6875 in 4 + 4758.75 in 4 865.6875 in 4 − 4758.75 in 4

= + cos  2 ( −45° ) 
2 2

−501.1875 in 4 sin  2 ( −45° ) 

= ( 2812.21875 + 501.1875 ) in 4 = 3313.4063 in 4

or I x′ = 3.31 × 103 in 4
 PROBLEM 9.80 CONTINUED

Ix + I y Ix − I y
Similarly I y′ = − cos 2θ + I xy sin 2θ
2 2

= ( 2812.21875 − 501.1875 ) in 4 = 2311.0313 in 4

or I y′ = 2.31 × 103 in 4

Ix − I y
and I x′y′ = sin 2θ + I xy cos 2θ
2

865.6875 in 4 − 4758.75 in 4
= sin  2 ( −45° ) 
2

+ 501.1875cos  2 ( −45° ) 

= ( −1946.53125 )( −1) in 4 = 1946.53125 in 4

or I x′y′ = 1.947 × 103 in 4