LEVEL OF UNDERTANDING OF THE BSCA STUDENTS ON THE
PAPERLESS TRANSACTION
OF THE BUREAU OF CUSTOMS: AN ASSESSMENT
C A D. Cortez, V. E. Dulnuan, R B. Medios, J A R. Jallorina, S C A R. Salvador,
O M A. Senense, PMU. Tapaoan, CB Kristine C. Tenefrancia
International School of Asia and the Pacific
ABSTRACT
This study
sought to determine the
Level of Understanding of
the BSCA Students of the
International School of
Asia and the Pacific (ISAP)
on the paperless transac-
tion of the Bureau of Cus-
toms, using the descriptive
correlational survey re-
search to a total of 62
respondents. The respond-
ents were instructed to
answer the self-made
survey questionnaire to
assess their corresponding
knowledge on the given
topic. Data has been treat-
ed using Percentage Distri-
bution for their profile,
weighted mean for their
level of understanding,
ranking method for their
sources of information and
Pearson-r for the signifi-
cant relationship of their
understanding according
to their profile, as well as
for the significant relation-
ship between their level of
understanding in comput-
erization program and in
the paperless transaction.
The result shows the ma-
jority of the respondents
level of understanding on
the average score on the
BOC’s paperless transac-
tion is poor which needs
improvement. While on
the mean average, re-
spondents meet the nec-
essary level of understand-
ing.
Keywords: Paperless, As-
sessment, BOC, Level of Un-
derstanding, Transaction.
LUZONWIDE CUSTOMS RESEARCH JOURNAL
EDITORIAL BOARD
INTRODUCTION
In line with the advancement of tech-
nology, Philippines shall take into this ac- The Luzonwide Customs Research Journal is
count the diverse legal and regulatory
published annually by the International School of Asia and
frameworks under APEC Paperless Trading
Individual Action Plan, wherein member the Pacific through its publication office. Materials published here
economics should endeavor to reduce/ may not be reproduced, copied in any form or by any means,
eliminate the requirement for paper docu-
ments for customs border trade administra- without the written permission from the publisher.
tion. By recognizing paperless trading, cost
reduction will result to business opportunity
expansions in global commerce.
Editor : RYAN C. FONTANILLA, RN, LPT, MSN, DIH
“Why is there a need to adopt Paperless
Transaction?” It is by common knowledge Cover Page and Layout : EDUARD L. CASTILLO
that unscrupulous transactions are preva-
lent in the government revenue collection,
Peer Reviewers : WINNIE T. CANCEJO, RRT, MPH
in order to curb the systematic anomalies,
paperless transaction was given a highlight : RYAN C. FONTANILLA, RN, LPT, MSN, DIH
in the recent customs border protection.
: JEANETTE M. ROXAS, LCB, MCA
Knowledge and understanding on the
computerization program of the BOC plays Consultants : CHRISTIAN R GUZMAN, MBA
a vital role in the life of a Customs Admin-
istration student. Sufficient knowledge with : PRESENITA C. AGUON, PHD
regard to the development in the bureau
must be well introduced to the students as : RONIE E. SUGAROL, LCB, MPBM
they will be engaged in the corporate
world. This includes the introduction of Email address : mcnp.isap.rdc@gmail.com
computerization program of the BOC as to
implementation of Electronic to Mobile Sys-
tem. Customs procedures are more likely
engaged in electronic transactions nowa-
days compared to a manual processing.
This is to prepare the students, the fu-
ture customs brokers, licensed customs
ISSN: 2672-3344
brokers who are in the academe must con-
vey the necessary information needed to Printed by: MCNP-ISAP Publication
prepare them not only in the licensure ex- Copyright @ 2019 by MCNP-ISAP Publication
amination, but most importantly in their
future profession.
2

Philippine Society of Customs Administration –International School of Asia and the Pacific
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LCRC 2018 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES
LEVEL OF UNDERTANDING OF THE BSCA STUDENTS ON THE
PAPERLESS TRANSACTION OF THE BUREAU OF CUSTOMS:
AN ASSESSMENT
C A D. Cortez, V. E. Dulnuan, R B. Medios, J A R. Jallorina, S C A R.
Salvador, O M A. SENENSE, PMU. Tapaoan, CB Kristine C. Tenefrancia
JOBS CREATED BY CAGAYAN ECONOMIC ZONE AUTHORITY
(CEZA) ALONG AGRO INDUSTRY, TOURISM & LEISURE: IT’S
IMPACT TO OTHER LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION
L. Alcon; A. Belgica; S. Cabubas; K. Cortez; J.Fortunato; K.D.
Miguel; W. Osia, CB Ronie E. Sugarol, MPBM
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SHIPMENTS AT PRINCIPAL AND
SUB-PORT OF APARRI: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
C.M Sulit, A. Agusil, C. Agoy, R.J Aguinaldo, P.A Cutaran, A. Jacobo,
M.R Sinuto, CB Ronie E. Sugarol, MPBM
AWERENESS AND SATISFACTION ON THE DELIVERY AND
CONVEYANCE OF BALIKBAYAN BOXES OF INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC; A CORRECLATIONAL
STUDY
Alindayo, C. A., Binnang, M. P., Buqueg, C. B., Guillermo, C. E., Mat-
abye, A. D. U., Nayahangan, J. T., CB Carisma G. Cabaruan
CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS IN PATRONIZING SECONDHAND
GARMENTS AND TEXTILES IN MALL OF THE VALLEY AT
TUGUEGARAO CITY, CAGAYAN
J. Binarao; E. Opina; J. Pasol; S. Pecban; J. Vidal; J. Yadao, CB Har-
old B. Duran
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE, LEARNING STYLES, AND
LEARNING SKILLS OF CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION TOP-
NOTCHERS: ITS RELATION TO THEIR LICENSURE
EXAMINATION RESULTS
Agustin, N., Aman, M., Cariaga, B., Marcos, D., Tauro, J., Tayaban,
J., Verdadero, M., CB Kristine C. Tenefrancia
EFFECTIVITY OF THE SELECTIVITY SYSTEM OF BUREAU OF
CUSTOMS OF THE PHILIPPINES IN SCREENING, TARGET-
ING, AND PROFILING OF HIGH AND LOW RISK SHIOMENT
Beleran, kizha Vhan T., Pojas, Kathleen Trisha S., Sales, Robert
Constance L.
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
Chapter headed by the Mr. Ronie E. Sugarol, PSCAS-ISAP Chapter Adviser and Mr.
Christian Salvador, PSCAS-ISAP President, hosted the first ever Luzonwide Customs
Research Conference held on January 19, 2018 at the Valley Hotel Conference Hall,
Alimannao Hills, Peñablanca, Cagayan with the theme;
“Customs Administration: Accentuating the Culture of Excellence in Research”
RATIONALE
Research, as a major function in higher education, sets higher
education apart from basic education. The UNESCO World Declaration on
Higher Education for the Twenty-first Century accents the important role
of research in higher education viz: “State policies must promote and
develop research, which is a necessary feature of all higher education
systems, in all disciplines, including the human and social sciences and
arts, given their relevance for development”. Research in higher education
across all disciplines ensures the continued growth and development of
the entire higher education sector.
In the Philippine context, Republic Act No. 7722 known as the “Higher
Education Act of 1994” mandates the Commission on Higher Education to
perform the following functions relative to research (Section 8, RA 7722):
1.) formulate and recommend development plans, policies,
priorities and programs on research;
2.) develop criteria for allocating additional resources such as
research and program development grants, scholarships, and
other similar programs; Provided, that these shall not detract
from the fiscal autonomy already enjoyed by colleges and
universities;
3.) direct or redirect purposive research by institutions of higher
learning to meet the needs of agro-industrialization and
development;
The Institution, through the College of Customs Administration in
coordination with the Philippine Society of Customs Administration
Students would like to give emphasis on the importance of research, thus,
the college will conduct the 1st Luzonwide Customs Research Conference
to widen the horizon of every stakeholders in research capability as our
future nation builders heading the future Customs Brokers to be effective
and efficient in research undertakings.
OBJECTIVES
—To improve research capability of HEIs, offering BSCA in Luzon whose
main goal is to generate knowledge towards international
competitiveness.
—To enhance research productivity of HEIs in distinctive areas of
competence such as proper knowledge and understanding with regards
to Customs Administration.
—To generate knowledge/technologies needed for; International, national
and regional higher education development; Policy/plan formulation,
particularly for higher education; Developing innovative programs in
cutting edge higher education fields (e.g. nanotechnology,
biotechnology, information and communication technology, and material
science); and Advancing the frontiers of knowledge in the disciplines.
—Promote and facilitate dissemination, publication and utilization of
research outputs regarding Customs Administration.
1
 Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344

JOBS ABSTRACT METHODOLOGY

CREATED BY This study aimed to determine the jobs created by
the Cagayan Economic Zone Authority (CEZA) fo- Research Design Data Gathering Procedure
CAGAYAN cusing on the tourism, leisure and agro-industry. It The researchers used descriptive Questionnaire were prepared by
also follows to look its impact to respondents level correlation design in this study. Test the researchers and sought for the
ECONOMIC of satisfaction. The descriptive correlational re- administration method and descriptive approval of the instructor through a
ZONE search design we used in the study. Employees design was used to assess the under- letter. Upon validation of
from the field agro-industry and, tourism and lei- standing of the BS Custom Admin- questionnaire, it was distributed to the
AUTHORITY sure were selected as respondent of a formulated istration students from third year to 3rd year and 4th year level BSCA
(CEZA) questionnaire. Frequency count, percentage distri- fourth year level who are enrolled at students of ISAP. The researchers
bution, Person-r correlation coefficient were used to International School of Asia and the assured confidentiality of their survey
ALONG AGRO treat the data. The analysis of data revealed that Pacific, regarding the BOC’s paperless
sheets since the identities were not
most of the jobs created by CEZA are hotel casino transaction.
INDUSTRY, facilities and there exist a positive correlation be- The correlation was used to find
affected by the interpretation of data.
In line with this, the researchers will
TOURISM & tween the demographic profile and nature of work out the relationship between the lev- give the students the option of being
otf the respondents to their job satisfaction. Based els of understanding of the BSCA stu-
LEISURE: on the results, it is concluded that the profile and dents when they are group according anonymous. Participants were given
enough time to respond to the
IT’S IMPACT the nature of work of the respondents affect their to their demographic profile and to
questions. The questionnaires were
level of job satisfaction. Further studies on jobs in their level of understanding on com-
TO OTHER Cagayan Economic Zone may be conducted to sup- puterization program as to their level collected in the same date of
of understanding on paperless trans- distribution.
LEVEL OF JOB port the findings of the study. action. The gathering of information is Statistical Treatment of Data
SATISFACTION Keywords: CEZA, Agro-industry, Tourism, Leisure, through questionnaire.
Jobs, Job-satisfaction. The researchers used the frequency
Respondents of the study count and percentage distribution (%)
L. Alcon; INTRODUCTION Prior to the establish- The respondents of this study for the profile of the respondents “3rd
A. Belgica; Large scale pov- ment of Cagayan Spe- was the total enumeration of the year and 4th year of BSCA students
S. Cabubas; erty, especially in the cial Economic Zone, forty-two (42) 3rd year level and enrolled in ISAP”.
K.Cortez; rural areas, is one of most of the people in twenty (20) 4th year college BSCA Ranking method was used to
the challenges the locality were students of International School of determine the sources used of the
J.Fortunato; Asia and the Pacific for a total of
that the country has farmers and fishermen, respondents to gather information on
K.D. Miguel; few could afford to go sixty-two (62) respondents.
been facing throughout the computerization program and the
W. Osia; decades. Considering to cities and grab op-
CB Ronie E. Sugarol, Data Gathering Tool level of understanding of the BSCA
the geographical loca- portunities for high sal- students on the computerization
MPBM A questionnaire was chosen as
tion of such areas, ary jobs. When CEZA program of the bureau of Customs.
data collection instrument. The ques-
help is hardly given. was established, it Weighted mean was used to
tionnaire is a printed self made form
When people in these opened doors for eco- designed to elicit information that can determine respondents level of
College of Customs nomic activities and
areas were given em- be obtained through the written re- understanding on the components of
Administration, employment opportuni-
ployment opportunities, sponses of the subject. paperless transaction.
International School of
it is when economic ties for the Filipinos
Asia and the Pacific
growth commence. One especially the people in The questionnaire contains the Person-r Correlation Coefficient was
the community. profile of the respondents as to age, used to determine if there is a
of the efforts of the
sex, year level and socio economic significant relationship on the level if
government to address In 2014, research- status. In the questionnaire, Likert understanding of the respondents
this problem was the ers Lin and Wang de- scale and average score were used to when they are grouped according to
establishment of free scribed Special Eco- their demographic profile and to test
assess the level of understanding of
zones and economic nomic Zones as zones the significant relationship between the
the respondents on the BOC’s paper-
zones in different stra- which are conducive to level if understanding of the
less transaction. Specific response of
tegic locations in the job creation and in- the respondents according to their respondents on the computerization
country to be supevised come generation, and degree of agreement and disagree- program to their understanding on
by the Philippine Eco- potentially, to protect- ment are required. paperless transaction.
nomic Zone Authority. ing the environment

6 3

COMPONETS
Client Profile Registration System
Electronic Mobile System
Formal Entry System
Warehouse Entry System
Payment Abstract Secure System
version
On-line Release System
License and Clearance System
Value-Added Service Provider
TOTAL MEAN
DISCUSSION
Based in the results
of the study, the follow-
ing are discussed.
In the result of the
study, majority of the
respondents mark as
“AGREE” on facts men-
tioned above on the
components of paperless
transaction; CPRS, EMS,
LCS, WES, FES, OLRS,
VASP, and PASS5 with a
categorical mean de-
scription of “AGREE”.
The number 01 com-
ponents who has the
highest mean average in
the On-line Release Sys-
tem. The result is further
supported by Custom
memorandum Order 43
series of 2010? Proce-
dures for the Implemen-
tation of e2m Custom
System- Phase 4 Transit/
Transhipment System in
all Customs Ports Nation-
wide which OLRS pro-
cesses the release in-
struction message and
facilities release of the
goods from the transit
facility.
It is an online ser-
vice, which enables the
port or arrastre opera
tors, airline and other
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
CONCLUSIONS
MEAN
2.8
DESCRIPTION
Agree
RESULT The study was aimed at assessing the level of understanding
Table 1 of the BSCA students on the paperless transaction of the Bureau
2.68 Agree
of Customs. In the light of the findings, the following conclusion
2.39 Agree The table shows the mean of
the assessment of respondents was drawn that the most of the respondents agreed on the com-
2.37 Agree ponents. Therefore, we conclude that respondents meet the nec-
as to their level of understanding
3.18 Agree on the components of paperless essary level of understanding on the paperless transaction of
transaction of the BOC. It is BOC and that components of e2m on paperless transactions are
3.23 Agree shown that respondents agreed
on the components as reflected understandable in their knowledge.
2.68 Agree on the table. Furthermore, the
3.18 Agree table shows that the compo- RECOMMENDATIONS
nents OLRS got the highest
2.81 AGREE mean assessment followed by Based from the findings of this study, further recommendation are
PASS 5.0 and VASP respectively. hereby proposed in the improvement of the assessment on the paper-
less of transaction in the bureau:
authorized warehouses, Philippines for the We, the researchers highly recommend to both researchers and stu-
and Container Yard- different transaction dents to give more attention to paperless transaction and further stud-
Container Freight Station upon the discretion of ies should be conducted to thoroughly assess the performance between
(CY-CFS) to receive re- various client. Such the students and the teachers. One of the teachers should have experi-
lease instructions from VASP’s includes Inter enced to work in the bureau wherein he/she is knowledgeable on the
and transmit confirma- commerce Network actual processes about paperless transactions to assess and help their
tion or misrouted OLRS Service, e-Konek and students uplift their understanding. Teachers also need to be aware
message to the BOC CDEC/e-Trade which about the differences of each of the students wherein suitable methods
e2m IAS system. provides the gateway
infrastructure and are needed to be used in order for the average learners to fully under-
Secondly, the Pay- stand the topics. On the other hand, students should do their part and
ment Abstract Secure telecommunications
System version 5.0 and facilities to enable cooperate for them to have a better understanding about the study.
Value-Added Service electronic transitions of On the part of the future researchers with regard in this study, the
Provider respectively. the different IAS researchers allows them to utilize the outcome of this as a reference of
VASP is further support- module/processes. While
the PASS5 is also similar study in the future.
ed by Customs Memo-
randum Order 54-2010. supported by Customs Lastly, more research is needed to fully understand the paperless
Administrative Order 10-
Electronic Lodgement of transaction and to identify relevant methods that are needed to
Export Declaration (EDs) 2008 “Payment Applica- improve for the standards of Bureau of Customs.
tion Secure System
through Accredited Value
-Added Service Providers Version 5.0 (PASS5)”
which payments for BIBLIOGRAPHY
(VASPs) which the
VASPs shall be responsi- entries made are under Reference:
the PASS5. Under
ble for the installation of Customs Modernization and Tariff Act (RA 10863)
the necessary computer- PASS5, the duties, taxes Traffic and Customs Code of the Philippines Vol. 1 (2013 edition)
and fees payable, both
aided system on the in- Customs Broker Act of 2004 (RA 9280)
ternet at the exporters advance and final, will WCO-Trade-Facilitation-in East and Southern Africa by Larry and Christine)
be transmitted to the
offices that they will ena- Customs Modernization Handbook (Luc De Wulf and Jose B. Sokol)
ble it to encode and AAB via a payment Customs Memorandum Order No. 29-2015 REVUSED PROCEDURES AND DOCUMENTA-
gateway through a se-
transit SAD-ED to and TION IN THE PROCESSING FORMAL CONSUMPTION ENTRIES
receive the correspond- cured communication Executive Order No. 463 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY
channel and collected by GROUP (MISTG)
ing responses from the
BOC e2m Customs Sys- debit from designated Customs Memorandum Order 39-2015 “Initial Registration of Clients and Stakeholders
bank accounts following with the Electronic to mobile or e2m Custom System: Data Build up Phase of the Client
tem via the BOC-VASP Profile Registration System/ CPRS”
Gateway. There are the procedures pre- Customs Memorandum Order 19-2015 “Revised Procedures for the Mandatory Submission
three accredited Value- scribed in this order. of Electronic Sea Manifest in e2m”
Added Service Providers Customs Memorandum 21-2014 “ Procedures for the Issuance and Lifting of Alert Orders
being used in the for Formal Entries filed in the e2m System”
4 5

CONCLUSION
Most of the jobs created by the
CEZA are for tourism and leisure
compared to agro-industry. Under
tourism and leisure the jobs creat-
ed by CEZA are mostly on hotel
casino facilities while for agro-
industry is fishery.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the above conclusion, the
following recommendations were
surfaced:
First, Locators of Cagayan Econom-
ic Zone and their respective managers
should improve the factors affecting
the job satisfaction of their em-
ployees and make efforts to make the
working environment friendlier to the
employees.
Second, future and young profes-
sionals should make sure that the ca-
reer that they will pursue inside CEZ
should be according to the needs of
the economic zone.
Third, future researchers must
conduct more studies regarding eco-
nomic zones like the impact of jobs
created by Cagayan Economic Zone
Authority and other economic zones in
the Philippines and study the most in
demand job. They must explore more
regarding this subject.
Fourth, authorities should adopt
programs that will promote the well-
being of its employees, improve the
over-all working conditions inside CEZ
and maintain the protection of the
people according to its mandate.
Lastly, employees and professionals
should make ways to grow as to their
skills and knowledge that they would
help them compete in the workforce
in this rapid-changing business
environment.
REFERENCES
Cagayan Economic Zone Act of 1995
(Republic Act 7922)
Philippine Economic Zone Act
(Republic Act 7916)
Abdul, Raziqa and Raheela Maula-
bakhsba (n.d) Impact of Working
Environment on Job Satisfaction
Jitendra Kumar Singh and Dr. Mini
Jain(October-December,2013) A
study of Employees Job Satisfaction
and Impact on their Performance
M. D. Pushpakumari(n.d)” The Im-
pact of Job Satisfaction on Job Per-
formance: An Empirical Analysis”
Eduardo Climaco Tadem (2016) The
pitfalls of Special Economic Zones
retrieved from http://
www.rappler.com
“104 hurt in cavite Economic Zone
fire: Remulla” (2017,February). ABS-
CBN News Retrieved from http://
news.abs-cbn.com/
news/02/01/17/104-hurt-in-cavite-
economic-zone-fire-remulla
“Impact of Special Economic Zons
on Employment, Poverty and Human
Development”(n.d). In The Indian
Council for Research on Internation-
al Economic Relation s Retrieved
from (https://ideas.respec.org/p/ind/
icrier/194.html)
Ben Kritz (2017, February 4)
“Economic zones in the crosshairs”
Retrieved from http://
www.manilatimes.net/economic-
zone-crosshairs/310417
Agro-industry(n.d) Retrieved from
http://ceza.gov.ph/agro-industrial/
Cagayan Economic Zone (n.d) Re-
trieved from http://www.triple
10
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
and promoting green METHODOLOGY
growth and eco-friendly
Research Design
cities. Cagayan Econom-
ic Zone as a special eco- The descriptive correlational research
nomic zone, is expected design was used in the study. In general, a
correlational study is a quantitative method
to have great economic
impact especially on the of research in which there are two or more
locality where it is situ- quantitative variables from the same group
ated. Though there are of participants and determine if there is a
studies created to as- relationship between the two variables. It
sess the jobs created by
was used in the study to examine the rela-
other special economic tionship between the profile of the respond-
zones, there were no ents and their nature of work to their level
data yet to evidence
and support the expec- of satisfaction.
tation that CEZA created Respondents of the Study
jobs which given the The respondents of the study were se-
community an oppor- lected from the employees from the field of
tunity to uplift their agro-industry specifically in the fishery,
lives. crop production, poultry and livestock and
CEZA’s vision was to furniture industry; and in the field of tour-
provide jobs, increase ism and leisure specifically in eco-tourism
productivity and income. facilities or nature rails, sports/recreational
It has been more than facilities, housing accommodation facilities,
fifteen(15) years since
Cagayan Economic Zone hotel casino facilities and view deck/pick
Authority was estab- nick cottages. The list of the establishments
lished. The people have where the respondents work is listed on
been expecting changes Appendix A. A total of three hundred eighty
and more opportunities -four(384) respondents were randomly se-
for them to improve the lected.
quality of their lives. Purposive or judgement sampling tech-
Over the years, there nique was used in the study wherein the
were no published stud- respondents are selected based on am ex-
ies conducted to deter- perts subjective judgement or on some pre-
mine the actual jobs
created by CEZA for the
specified criteria. This was the most suita-
ble sampling technique since the respond-
people residing therein
or assess if these jobs ents are based on the specified criteria
actually gave them which were that they should be employees
of agro-industry, and tourism and leisure. It
greater opportunities for
their own personal is appropriate because there are limited
growth or assess how number of primary date resources who can
far does it helped the contribute to the study in which data was
community of Sta. Ana, only gathered from employees of the men-
Cagayan. This study is tioned criteria.
therefore conducted to
have an insight of the Data Gathering Tool
A formulated questionnaire was pre-
job opportunities creat-
ed by CEZA in the peo- pared by the researchers as a tool to gath-
ple of Sta. Ana, Cagayan er data. The first part determined the de-
along tourism and lei- mographic profile of the respondents ac-
sure. cording to age, gender, civil status, educa-
7
 Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344

VARIABLE MEAN DESCRIPTION

tional background, skills socio- whatever information written in the
economic status, nature of work, questionnaire will be kept confiden- General Working Conditions 3.17 Agree
positions, status of appointment tial and not in any way affect every- Pay and Promotion Potential 2.94 Agree
and mode of recruitment. The sec- one else's life status. After which
ond part was composed of 40 ques- the researchers explained the in- Use of Skills and Abilities 3.07 Agree
tions divided equally into four cate- structions. Respondents were given
gories namely general working con- 15 minutes to answer before the Work Relationships 2.91 Agree
dition, pay and promotional poten- researchers collected and retrieved Total Mean Average 3.02 Agree
tial, work relationships and use of the distributed questionnaire.
skills and abilities. Data Analysis The table shows the respondents level of satisfaction. As
Data Gathering Procedure After the retrieval of the ques- reflected on the statistical table, the respondents agreed as to
To sustain data from the re- tionnaires, the researcher classified, general working conditions, pay and promotion potential, use
of skills and abilities and work relationships.
spondents, the researcher secured tallied, and tabulated the data gath-
necessary permission to concerned ered for the purpose of analyzing
authorities to conduct survey. Upon and interpreting the data and used
approval, the researchers floated the following tools: frequency distri- DISCUSSION countries such as Indonesia in
designing their economic reform
questionnaires to respondents. The butions, weighted mean, Pearson-r Special Economic Zones have policies (Wahyumi , et.al,2006)
respondents were assured that correlation coefficient. been used to attract foreign in-
vestment, promote export manu- Job opportunities must be of-
fered to create a sustainable
RESULT
facture, increase foreign ex-
change earnings and create em- economic growth. Special eco-
ployment. Enterprises in the nomic zones should help the
NATURE OF WORK FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE zones are subject to varying de- community and this study focused
grees of preferential economic on the determination of job op-
ECO TOURISM FACILITIES AND NATURE RAIL 96 25
regulations and incentives de- portunities created by the Caga-
SPORTS/RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 12 3.13 signed to lower their operating yan Economic Zone. It is
HOUSING ACCOMODATION FACILITIES 105 27.34 costs. Zones are design to insu- important to understand why em-
HOTEL CASINO FACILITIES 106 27.6 late businesses within them ployees get satisfied and dissatis-
from costs faced by firms operat- fied for the reason he/she will
VIEW DECK/PICK NICK FACILITIES 15 3.91 also be uninterested in perform-
ing in the local economy.
POULTRY AND LIVESTOCK 7 1.82
(Kritz,2017) SEZs are meant to ing at his/her full potential in the
FISHERY 32 8.33 attract direct foreign investment workplace. (Angeles, 2015)
CROP PROCDUCTION 8 2.08 and create employment to its lo- This study revealed that de-
FURNITURE INDUSTRY 3 0.78 cal but what is happening is that mographic profiles of respond-
TOTAL 384 100 they tend to take up massive part ents are affected by their job sat-
of land which are mainly agricul- isfaction. The same results were
Demographic Profile of the Respondents turally productive lands. In this revealed in the study conducted
Most of the respondents belong to the age group of 26 to 43 way they are also taking up the in Ajinomoto Philippine Corpora-
years old (51.04%), female (56.25%) and are single (55.99%). As life of small farmer and indige- tion by Angeles et al in 2015. This
to the educational background, most were college graduates nous people which is contrary to means that age, gender, tenure
(67.45%). The respondents are mostly in the rank and file position its main purpose. (Tadem, 2016). of office, educational background,
(86.46%) and low income earners (1000-9061php) or (75.78%) The economic impact of these income are factors considered in
and are casual employees (61.20%) and have a tenure of office of zones has been far-reaching, the job satisfaction of employees
less than 6 months (33.85%), most were recruited through referral transforming entire regions and particularly in the field of agro-
(68.23%). The respondents are mostly from Sta. Ana, Cagayan economics. There are useful les- industry and, tourism and leisure
sons to be drawn from china’s in Cagayan Economic Zone.
(57.55%).
experience by many developing

8 9
 Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344

FACTORS AFFECTING A B S T R A C T
AWERENESS AND
THE SHIPMENTS AT This is a descriptive- at the principal and sub-port of
SATISFACTION PRINCIPAL AND SUB-
ABSTRACT
correlational study which aimed Appari therefore, the research
ON THE PORT OF APARRI: A
to identify the various factors team recommends to the future
affecting the shipment at princi- researchers, with the same or
DELIVERY AND This study was conducted to determine aware- COMPARATIVE pal and sub-port of Appari. A related topic as to this study, to
CONVEYANCE OF ness and satisfaction on the delivery and conveyance of total enumeration of all employ- cover a greater number of re-
STUDY ees in both ports with a total of spondents, present a greater
balikbayan boxes as perceived by the students and par-
BALIKBAYAN ents of International School of Asia and Pacific Pe- C.M Sulit, A. Agusil, C. Agoy, 11 were taken as respondents, a number of factor variables and
R.J Aguinaldo, P.A Cutaran, standard questionnaire was make the comparative study
BOXES OF ñablanca Campus. The descriptive correlational re- A. Jacobo, M.R Sinuto, utilized in gathering data and between bigger port and to
search design use in the study. Data were gathered
INTERNATIONAL from 124 students who are enrolled in the school
CB Ronie E. Sugarol, MPBM information among the respond-
ents. Frequency count, Percent-
relate their topic to the current
events and to provide a more
International School of Asia and
SCHOOL OF ASIA year 2016-2017 second semester and 124 parents who the Pacific — Alimannao Hills,
age Distribution, Weighted detailed data gathering tool to
Mean, Pearson R and T-test establish a better study from this
AND THE are working abroad with the use of survey question- Peñablanca, Cagayan
were used in the statistical treat- groundwork.
naire. Data were analyzed using frequency count, over-
PACIFIC; all weighted mean and Pearson-r. Results showed that
ment of data.
The general result of this Keywords: Factors, shipments,
A CORRECLATIONAL the respondents are “aware” on the delivery and con- study is that the perceived fac- Port, Location, Facilities, Infra-
STUDY veyance of balikbayan boxes as to its processes, man- INTRODUCTION tors of the research team are structure, Security / Safety,
dates, rules and regulations governing the sending of definitely affecting the shipments Service
There are many
———————— balikbayan box. They are also “satisfied” with the deliv- factors that affect the per- at the principal and Sub-Port of Aparri.
ery of the box itself. In conclusion, there is no signifi- formance of ports and one of the solutions
Alindayo, C. A., cant relationship between the demographic profile of to resolve shipment traffic is to establish METHODOLOGY
Binnang, M. P.,0 the students and their level of awareness and level of more ports or elevate the ranks of certain This study made use of descriptive
satisfaction; there is no significant relationship between ports to cater more transaction in a district comparative design to describe the profile
Buqueg, C. B, the demographic profile of the parents as to their level or area. To cater more transactions or to variables and assessments of the respond-
Guillermo, C. E., of awareness and level of satisfaction except age is facilitate smoother shipment the Executive ents and to compare the assessment of
significant as to their awareness on the process and to Order 707 s. 2008 was legislated and the two ports covering only 11 respond-
Matabye, A. D. U., rules and regulations and sex as to the mandates and states that, "the opening of the port of ents which is the total enumeration of the
Nayahangan, J, T. to the rules and regulations, and; there is a significant Aparri into a customs principal port of respondents in both locales the respond-
relationship between the level of awareness and level of entry will complement efforts to accelerate ents includes all employees at the port
CB Carisma G. Cabaruan such as but no limited to: the customs
satisfaction of the respondents. further not just the economic growth but
_____________ the total development of the Cagayan guard, customs inspector l, customs ap-
Special Economic Zone." praiser.
International School of INTRODUCTION According to the data provided by The research team utilized a
Filipinos are by practice send the port management office's statistical contextualized standard questionnaire to
Asia and the Pacific report, 2016 shows that the Sub-Port of gather data based on a foreign study of
diligent as to their “Pasalubong” or local- Sedigheh Zarei in 2015 and categorized by
Currimao has higher entries in some data
family’s living to pri- ly termed Balikbayan that its principal port at Aparri. the research team in three parts. The first
marily sustain the box along with them This research study is delineated part of the questionnaire is the
needs of their family as they travel back on the identification of the factors affect- demographic profile the second part is the
ing the shipment at the principal port of factors categorize as to: Location, facili-
and most often than home or through de- ties, infrastructure, security/safety and
Appari and the Sub-Port of Currimao for
not, they intend to livery to the Philip- the research team to identify the factors service and lastly the respondents' sugges-
find jobs that could pines. These affecting the statistical data of shipments tion and personal remarks. The data are
pay them well, obvi- balikbayan boxes are
VARIABLES APPARI CURIMAO T-VALUE P-VALUE DESICION
ously, gambling their usually filled with
Location 3 3.91 3.63 .0055 Significant
fat abroad (Stainback, clothing, personal ef- Facilities 3.2 3.91 2.86 .0188 Significant
2014). As a form of fects, bags shoes and Infrastructure 2.85 3.97 9.73 .000 Significant
grateful manifestation other useful things Security/safety 3.3 3.86 2.05 .0710 Not significant
for their care and love (Caballar, 2017; BBC Service 3 3.89 1.67 .1301 Not Significant
to their families, OFWs Travel Story). TOTAL MEAN 3.07 3.908

14 11

RESULT DISCUSSION
The implication of
the result is that the assess-
ments between the respond-
ents at Aparri and Curimao
with regards to the factors
affecting the shipment at
port are significantly differ-
ent.
The table shows that
there is a significant differ-
ence in the perception of the
two group of respondents in
terms of location, Facility
and infrastructure as mani-
fested by their probability
value of .0055 and .0188
respectively which are less
than the established level of
significance at.05. The
respondents observation on
port operations vary be-
tween the two groups of
respondents.
On the profile variable as to
age, 50 percent of which are aged
below 25 at port of Aparri and the
other 50 percent are aged 25-40 on
the other hand, Port of Currimao
have 42.86 percent of its respond-
ents are aged 25-40 and the other
42.86 percent are aged 41-55 and
the remaining 14.59 are aged above
55. The data showed that 75 per-
cent of the respondents of Aparri are
male and 50 percent are earning
15,000 Php-30,000Php and 75 per-
cent are employed as a regular em-
ployee. Provided by the data that 75
percent are employed within the 1-
to-2 year bracket and half of the
respondents have attained college
degrees. On the other group of re-
spondents, the port of Currimao, the
data shows that 85.71 percent are
male and 57.14 percent are earning
15,000Php-30,000Php, 57.41 per-
cent are employed as a regular em-
ployee. Provided by the data that
71.43 are employed within the 1-to-
2 year bracket and 71.43 percent of
them have obtained college degrees.
Most of the respondents at
the port of Aparri marked "GREEN"
to the factors except on the factor
on security and safety which is
marked "STRONGLY AGREE" on its
categorical mean. On the other
hand, Port of Currimao has all fac-
tors marked as "STRONGLY AGREE".
The totality of respondents suggest-
ed the " PORT EXPANSION" as a
needed improvement of the ports
with the frequency of 10 which is
ranked 1st.
12
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that the factors on infrastructure
affects the shipments most, followed by the factors on location
and facilities. However, factors on security and service affects
the shipment the least.
RECOMMENDATIONS
All factors on location, Facilities,
Infrastructure and service s should
be addressed by both ports primari-
ly at the port of Currimao and the
factors on security/safety should be
the primary concern of both in ad-
dressing the problems for the both
ports to improve or lessen the fac-
tors affecting their shipments.
It is imperative to address the
suggestions and commentaries of
the respondents for the port im-
provement which includes: Smug-
gling of contrabands are done by
customs police, Human trafficking
due to competency of immigration
officers; Port personnel are the one
enforcing port rules & regulation in
the port, Port police officers only for
port security together with PCG,
maritime BOC, BID; other agen-
cies must not interfere with port
security, operation management,
Breakwater, capital dredging, Quay
crane, pier extension, reclamation,
transit shed, warehouse, strict im-
plementation of port rules and reg-
ulations, provide machineries and
equipment that the port or vessels
necessary need to load or unload
cargo or passenger and dredging.
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
REFERECES
PPA port management officer Sta-
tistical report (2010-2016)
Committee on ways and means
with senators Osmefia III, Escude-
ro, Recto, Ejercito-
Estrada,Poe,Aquino IV, Defensor-
Santiago, A.P.Cayetano, Binay, JV
Ejercito and Angara. Customs mod-
ernization and traffic act, TITLE II,
CHAPTER II, SEC.206 (2016)
Office of the president of the Philip-
pines (2008). Manila: Malacañang
Records office.
Executive Order 707
Boc annual report (2014)
BOC annual report (2013)
DTI, Sector planning Bureau (2015).
Policy Considerations to improve
coastwise trade
Gilberto M. Llanto et al. (2013).
Toward informed regulatory con-
versations and improved regulato-
ry regime in the Philippines: Logis-
tics sectors and trade facilitation.
World shipping council (2015)
Global trands: Ports.
Sedigheh Zarei (2015). The key
factors in shipping company's port
selection for providing their sup-
plies.
Sasikumar (2003). Planning and
operation problems of indian major
ports with special emphasis on
cochin port.
Hyuk-soocho (2014). Determinants
and effect of logistics coast in con-
tainer ports. The transaction cost
economics perspective.
13

DISCUSSION
Recipients are excited to
receive the boxes sent by the OFW
relatives thus they make sure that
the boxes are receive in a short peri-
od of time.
The normal travel time of
sea cargo is between 28-35 days
depending on weather condition.
OFWs shipped some 400,000
Balikbayan boxes monthly to the
Philippines, a report from Andrei
Medina from Sun Star. Air Cargo
takes only few days before it can
reach Philippines.
Commissioners of Customs
Alberto Lima stated in a telecast in-
terview. “If your boxes arrived se-
verely tempered or with missing
items, then let the Bureau know so
we can investigate” was noted by AC
Nicholls of CNN Phils. Dated Dec.
13,2016. Since the interview was in
television, it can be also said that
the information was transmitted on
a medium in which of the OFWs can
be well informed of.
President Benigno Aquino
III signed into law the Customs
Modernization and Tariff Act (CMTA)
or Republic Act of 10863 in response
to the growing concern of overseas
Filipinos about the continued corrup-
tion, and additional taxes and duties
on all Balikbayan boxes. CAO 05-
2016 serves as the implementing
rules and regulations on Section 800
(j) of CMTA. Under such provision, it
states that:
“The Bureau of Customs is
the exclusive office concerned in the
entrance of Balikbayan boxes in the
country.”
“The maximum value or the
De Minimis value for which an OFW
can avail his duty and tax free privi-
lege is increased from P10,000 to
P150,000, making Balikbayan boxes
amounting below P150,000 free
from paying duties and taxes.”
Section 800 (g) of the Cus-
toms Modernization and Tariff Act
specified that Balikbayan boxes
shall contain personal and house-
hold effects only and shall neither
be in commercial quantities nor
intended for barter, sale or for hire.
Also, Under Customs Mem-
orandum Order No. 04-2017, the
deconsolidator shall lodge separate
informal entries for Balikbayan box-
es to Bureau. Every time shipments
are received in the Philippines,
Balikbayan boxes undergo inspec-
tion under the Bureau of Customs
before being release and delivered
to consignees.
Bureau of Customs provid-
ed for a Social Media site in which
the latest news and Breakthroughs
in Customs Matters are posted
which clearly includes process,
mandates, rules and regulations
with matters to Balikbayan box. It
supports the overall result that they
are AWARE of such.
The most popular used
company of choice is LBC which has
branch location in the UAE, USA,
UK, Japan and even Canada. They
are the best choice by OFWs for
they provide for a past, secured,
convenient and door-to-door ser-
vice to its clients. (mscircumstance.
wordpress.com, undated) which
supports the result in which the
OFWs are SATISFIED of such, prac-
ticaly due to their experiences on
sending balikbayan box especially
when multiple times.
18
Recent events of
Balikbayan boxes haven’t
been delivered, certain
goods in the box got lost,
unauthorized opening of
box by certain personnel
and miscarriage of the box
have resulted to the en-
ragement of the OFWs and
their benefactors here in
the Philippines creating
misconception as to who
will take the faults and lia-
bilities for these anomalies.
Without certain knowledge
or lawful basis, OFWs, and
their benefactors assumed
that the Bureau of Customs
is to be blamed for these
anomalies and wrongful
notions were passed from
one person to another put-
ting BOC and persons (all)
involved in a mediocre
image (CNN Philippines
News March 3, 2017)
Therefore, this re-
search aims to assess the
level of awareness of ISAP
students and parents as to
the processes, mandates,
rules and regulations and
their level of satisfaction on
the delivery and convey-
ance of and Balikbayan box
itself; as an informative
tool for the better clarifica-
tion as to the specific role
of the government and to
the concerned parties; and
as a references tool for
other researches and other
future use.
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researchers made used of the
descriptive correlational research de-
sign where in the result or finding of
study is used to measure the strength
of association among variable and
survey questionnaires as the main
instrument. Descriptive correlational
research design is suited for the re-
search because correlation is used to
explore the relationship or association
between variables that is the level of
awareness and satisfaction of the re-
spondents on the delivery and convey-
ance of Balikbayan Box.
Respondents of the Study
The study included the total enu-
meration of the students of Interna-
tional School of Asia and the Pacific,
Alimannao Hills Penablanca, Cagayan
basing on the school guidance office
record with parents who are working
abroad. They are composed of one
hundred twenty-four (124) students
enrolled in the School Year 2016-2017
second semester from the different
Departments/Courses namely, Bache-
lor of Science (BS) in Social Work, BS
Secondary Education, and BS in Crimi-
nology, BS Information Technology
and Computer Engineering, BS Tour-
ism and BS Hotel & Restaurant Man-
agement, BS Business Administration
and BS Customs Administration and;
one hundred twenty-four (124) par-
ents of these student who are working
abroad. This came with a mortality
rate of forty-eight (48) questionnaires
for the reasons of non-retrieval of
questionnaires, dropped out students
and OFWs who have returned to the
Philippines for good.
Data Gathering Tool
The structured survey question-
naire which contains questions about
the respondent’s demographic profile
also includes questions about
balikbayan box process, mandates,
rules and regulations and the
balikbayan box and its delivery con-
15

veyance, based from Custom Moderni-
zation and Tariff Act, Customs Memo-
randum Order (CMO) 02-2016 and
CMO 05-2016, was used to obtain
data from individuals about the re-
spondents awareness and satisfaction
about the study. Sample surveys are
important tool for collecting and ana-
lyzing information from selected indi-
viduals.
There were 2 questionnaires, one
for the students and the other is for
the parents, and it is divided into 4
parts- (1) Demographic Profile, (2)
Characteristic of Balikbayan Box, (3)
Level of Awareness and, (4)
Level of Satisfaction. Respondents
answered the questionnaires by put-
ting a check in the box/es that corre-
spond/s to their choice of answer in
each of the items.
Likert Scale is also used in the
questionnaires, third and fourth part.
In the part, researchers used a 4-
abitrary value likert scale to rate their
awareness of each facts by very much
aware, Aware, Slightly aware and Not
aware. In the fourth part, they used a
5-abitrary value likert scale to rate
their satisfaction on each of the prop-
ositions by Very satisfied, Satisfied,
Neither satisfied nor unsatisfied, Un-
satisfied and Very unsatisfied.
Data Gathering Procedures
Procedural steps were followed to
come up with the data needed. Firstly,
the researchers asked the assistance
of the guidance office to give them
the permission to search for the
profile of each ISAP enrolled students,
students with OFW parent were taken
as respondent. Secondly, the re-
searchers submitted a printed letter to
the Vice President of Academic Affairs
of the school for the approval in the
floating prepared questionnaires.
Third, the researchers prepared a set
of questions based on research topic.
Then the questionnaires were dissemi-
nated to the respondents and collect-
ed afterwards. With respect to the
OFWs. The parent-respondents of this
study, the researchers channeled the
questionnaires through their children,
the student-respondents. After retriev-
ing the questionnaires, the researchers
tallied and analyzed the data gathered
to come up with the particular result
that showed the best notion on each
of the query.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers made used of
three statistical treatments, fre-
quency count and percentage distribu-
tion for the demographic profile of the
respondents; weighted mean to know
the level of awareness of the respond-
ents when it comes to the process,
mandates, rules and regulations re-
garding balikbayan boxes gathered
through the survey questionnaire and
also to the level of satisfaction of the
delivery of box itself; and the Pearson-
r to determine the significant relation-
ship between the demographic of the
respondents, students and parents and
their level of awareness and the level
of satisfaction; the Pearson-r is also
used to find out if there is a significant
relationship between the level of
awareness and the level of satisfaction
of the respondents.
RESULT
The following are the result
sum up based on the gathered da-
ta:
For the students-
respondents, majority of them are
18-20 years old which are being
supported by 79.84%; females
with a percentage of 55.7%; Bach-
elor of Science in Criminology hav-
ing a percentage of 17.74 and;
third year students of 36.29 as
percentage and; are Ilocanos with
54.03 of total population.
On the other hand, the
parent-respondents mainly
16
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
composed of 36-40 years old of frequency count of 196 ranking it
30.65%; females with 77.42%; number one. Due to safer
high school level with the delivery, most Balikbayan boxes
percentage of 32.5; a parents are sent thru air having percent-
earning 11,000-20,000 in a age of 54%. Most parents send
monthly basis, having a percent- every year having a percentage of
age of 32.48%; Ilocanos having 30.2%.
49.19%; Domestic helpers which
Respondent’s chiefly trust LBC or
reached 59.68%; parents stayed Luzon Brokerage Company as
for 2-4 years with 44.35% their carrier in sending balikbayan
Respondents prefer to boxes rating with 25.4%.
send or receive shoes having a
Variable Mean Descriptive Value
Process 2.92 Aware
Mandates 2.74 Aware
Rules and Regulation 2.69 Aware
Total Mean 2.78 Aware
Table 1: The level of awareness on the Delivery and Convey-
ance of Balikbayan box
The table shows that the respondents are aware on the process, man-
dates, rules and regulations on Balikbayan boxes which makes the
overall result as aware.
Variable Mean Descriptive Value
Box 3.49 Satisfied
Delivery and Conveyance 3.51 Satisfied
Total Mean 3.50 Satisfied
Table 2: The level of satisfaction on the Delivery and
Conveyance of Balikbayan box
The table shows that the respondents are satisfied on the
Balikbayan box , its delivery and conveyance which make the
overall result as satisfied.
The respondents are aware on the process, mandate, rules
and regulations concerning the sending of Balikbayan boxes and are
satisfied with the delivery of the Balikbayan box and the box itself
except the physical state of the box and its content at the time of
receipt and the time of delivery the box.
The level of awareness of the students is not affected by
their profile variables. With regards to the parent-respondents, their
awareness on the process and on the rules and regulations is affect-
ed by their age and their awareness on the mandates and to the
rules and regulation is affected by their sex. Other variables are not
significant.
17
 Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344

would want to know the that is apparently seen What are the factors CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS
contributory factors in in Mall of the Valley contribute in patronizing
patronizing secondhand which is the entire 2nd secondhand garments After getting all This portion displays proposal
garments and textiles floor of the mall has and textiles in mall of the results of the data and suggestions coming from the
despite of the fact that been dominated by ukay the Valley at Tuguega- gathered, therefore the researchers regarding the topic.
buying ,selling, advertis- -ukay stall. The question rao City, Cagayan. What researchers concluded The researchers highly recom-
ing is a violation to RA. now is why they are are their prospective to that:
mend that the systems promulgat-
4653. Tuguegarao City, patronizing these goods our local products over
Cagayan are also fanned in the market instead of ukay-ukay to the mar- The respondents ing of rules and regulations, prac-
of ukay-ukay products our local products? ket? are “aware” on the deliv- tices and the sincere practice of
ery and conveyance of obligation due to the carriers and
Balikbayan boxes as to the concerned government agency
METHODOLOGY its process, mandates, must be continued or maintained
Research This study utilized descriptive normative research methodology, where rules and regulations for the preservation of the yielded
Design the results or findings of the study are compared with the norm of the governing the sending of confidence of OFW’s and the ben-
respondents in the contributory factors in patronizing second hand balikbayan box. They are efactors to the carriers and to the
garments and textile or ukay-ukay in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. Partic- also “satisfied” with the government itself.
ularly at mall of the valley as the center of commercial in the City of delivery of and the box
Tuguegarao and has the largest number of stalls selling ukay-ukay itself. In conclusion, The researchers would also like
products around the city. These sought to describe the current status there is no significant to recommend of a customer or
of an identified variable. relationship between the client report desk through various
The respondents of this study were distributed among 140 sellers and demographic profile of mediums like a responsive custom-
Respondents buyers of ukay-ukay at the Mall of the Valley Tuguegarao City, Caga- the students and their er care hotline, an active depart-
of the Study
yan. Sample population is computed using the sample proportion level of awareness and ment website, where in a client
method at 96% confidence (Z = 1.96) Using the 0.30 standard devia- level of satisfaction; can report anomalies like untimely
tion at the level of 0.05.
there is no significant delivery, damages, and any other
relationship between the actions by the carrier not in ac-
The researchers prepared a questionnaire as a tool to gather data. The demographic profile of
Data Gathering first part of the questionnaire is the profile of the respondents which cordance with the stipulated
Tool the parents as to their agreement or in the default on the
includes the name, age, sex, monthly salary and highest educational level of awareness and
attainment. While on the second part is rating scale of the contributo- carrier’s diligence. This report may
level of satisfaction ex-
be accounted by the DTI on estab-
ry factors in patronizing second hand garments and textile or ukay- cept age is significant as
ukay such as price, brand-name, wide array of choices availability and to their awareness on
lishing the accredited of these car-
quality. the process and to the riers.
The researcher sought the approval from concerned authorities in rules and regulations The researchers also highly rec-
Data Gathering conducting the research and after the consultation of the researcher and sex as to the man- ommend to the concern agencies
Procedure
regarding on matters related to the research study the researchers dates and to the rules that an information monitoring
personally administer the questionnaire so that in case there are and regulations, and; system be established to boost
matters that need to be clarified, the researcher could easily assist the there is a significant re- public information to increase
respondents as they have the knowledge about it. Observe the ethics lationship between the awareness and employ opportuni-
of research while gathering data. After gathering the data, co- level of awareness and ties to discuss concerns and po-
researcher study the data, after which consult a statistician to help the the level of satisfaction tential enhancements to and from
researchers easily analyze the gathered data. of the respondents. the public to strengthen the ad-
22 19

ministration of balikbayan box
industry.
The researchers would also
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS IN PATRONIZING
be deposited to the concern SECONDHAND GARMENTS AND TEXTILES
agencies and be used as an IN MALL OF THE VALLEY AT TUGUEGARAO CITY, CAGAYAN
instrument as to whether tight- J. BINARAO; E.OPINA; J.PASOL; S.PECBAN; J.VIDAL; J. YADAO; CB Harold B. Duran

like to recommend for a nation- er compliance system be prom- International School of Asia and the Pacific

ulgated, a set of new rule and Introduction Abstract

wide survey to be initiated by
regulations be created or a Ukay - ukay – This study aimed to identify the contributory factors
National Accredited Social Sur- patronizing second hand garments and textiles (ukay
veying Agencies like the Social new developmental order be commonly reffered to
-ukay) in Mall of the Valley at Tuguegarao City. De-
established for the improve- as the “secondhand”
Weather Station and Pulse Asia scriptive normative research methodology was uti-
ment of their services. ready-to-wear
Research Inc. on the custom- clothes, shoes, and
lized for this study.. a structured questionnaire was
er’s satisfaction and awareness That related research study used for gathering data from respondents. Frequen-
bags sold at a much cy count, percentage distribution, Pearson-r and T-
of the various services offered be conducted relating to the lower price compared test was used to treat the data. The study revealed
by each Logistic Firms which carriers services and make use to the new and that the respondents were strongly agreed on the
would also include their compli- of this research study as an branded ones. It is price as the highest contributory factors in patroniz-
ance to various rules and regu- information source to the fu- also a colloquial term ing second hand garments and textiles in mall of the
that implies one has valley followed by wide array of choices, quality
lations and to established ture researchers.
to dig deep into piles brand name, and availability factors respectively.
standards. The findings shall of goods like clothing Keywords: factors, second-hand garments and textiles,
to choose what he or price, brand, wide arrays of choices, availability, quality
BIBLIOGRAPHY she wants to pur-
AC Nicholls, (December 13, 2016), Bureau of Customs clarifies balikbayan box privilege, chase. This term called “wagwagan”, and -class stores and shop-
CNN Philippines retrieved at http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/12/13/bureau-of- comes from the Cebu- was later adapted in ping malls, said Luisito
customs-calrifies-balikbayan-box-privilege.html ano — Visayan dialect other places. On the Abueg in 2005. Alt-
Customs Modernization and Tariff Act (Republic Act No.10863), Atty. Ferdinand A. (Philippines star latter, these products hough on June 17, 1966
Nague, CB, MINCU, pg81-83 2002). These prod- have been introduced the senate and house of
Level of Customers Satisfaction in the Door-to-Door Services; It’s Impact to the Quality ucts are known to be by the entrepreneurs or Representatives of the
Services of the Luzon Brokerage Company Express Incorporated in San Gabriel, Tuguega- imported or entered entities to the market Philippines congress
rao City, Kim Jay Pascual.,et.al.,(March 2017) into the Philippines until it dominates the enacted republic act
Customs Memorandum Order No. 5 series of 2016- Consolidated Shipment of Duty and territory free of duties entire clothing industry. number 4653, an act to
tax-Free “Balikbayan Boxes” and taxes that is From a single city of safeguard the health of
Customs Memorandum Order No. 4 series of 2014- Implementation of Customs Adminis- brought by Filipino Cebu where the ukay- the people and maintain
trative Order (CAO) number 5-2016 on consolidated shipment of duty and tax-free workers abroad once ukay is a very affordable the dignity of the nation
“Balikbayan Boxes” with revised information sheet. in the Philippines, source of fashion yet by declaring it national
Malou Liwanag-Bledsoe, (July 20, 2016), Items you’re not allowed to send in a these are then sold at durable clothing materi- policy to prohibit the
balikbayan box retrieved at http://globalnation.inquirer.net/141459/items-you-shouldnt- prices lower than al for those with rela- commercial importation
send-in-a-balikbayan-box#ixzz4XTE3cIfv tively low incomes. of the textile articles
those of “traditionally”
RUTH ABBEY GITA, (September 08, 2015), Bill seeks to mandate ‘no opening of imported goods. Since Some people world re- commonly known as a
balikbayan box’ policy retrieved at http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local- these are used gar- sort to buy ukay-ukay used clothing and rags.
news/2015/09/08/bill-seeks-mandate-no-opening-balikbayan-box-policy-429079
ments, they are sold items because the latter Selling and advertising
Shipping and Incoterms retrieve at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/documents/ at less than half their are relatively homoge- these commodities in
procurement/documents/UNDP-Shipping-Guide.pdf prices, said Cabreza nous with the brand the public is also an act
THE 7 STEPS OF INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING retrieve at http://www.transporteca.com/ in 2001. It originated new garments and ac- of violating and pro-
international-shipping-guide/ in Baguio city, where cessories that may be scribing the law. In this
it was been typically bought in relatively high manner the researcher
20 21
 Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
Statistical Information and data gathered were treated statistically as follow:

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE, Treatment of

Data
Frequency count and percentage distribution was applied to assess
the demographic profile of the respondents and T-test was used to
LEARNING STYLES, AND test the significant difference between the perception of the seller

LEARNING SKILLS OF and buyer as to price, brand name, wide array of choices, availability
and quality factors. Pearson-r Correlation Coefficient was utilized to
CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION test the significant relationship between the profile of the respond-

TOPNOTCHERS: ITS
ents as to price, brand name, wide array of choices, availability and
quality factors. After all, the researcher will group, tally and tabulate
RELATION ABSTRACT the data gathered and analyzed through a liker scales.

TO THEIR This study aimed to determine the Result Factors Mean Description
impact of Multiple Intelligence, Learning Price 3.31 Strongly agree
LICENSURE Styles, and Learning Skills of Customs Admin- Table 01 Brand name 3.2 Agree
istration Topnotchers and its relation to their
EXAMINATION Licensure Examination Results.
Mean assessment of the
Respondents on the Contribu-
Wide array of Choices 3.26 Strongly Agree

RESULTS This includes nineteen (19) top-

notchers of Customs Administration Top-
tory Factors in Patronizing
Second-hand Garments and
Availability
Quality
3.19
3.25
Agree
Strongly Agree
notchers from 2009-2016 of International Textiles
———————— Total Mean 3.24 Agree
School of Asia and the Pacific which em-
ployed descriptive-correlation research design The table 01 shows the mean assessment of the Respondents on the Con-
Agustin, N., tributory Factors in Patronizing Second-hand Garments and Textiles. It’s shown in the
using Standard instrument. Mean average
Aman, M., statistical table that the respondents strongly agreed on the Price, Wide array of Choic-
and Pearson-r were used to statistically quan-
es and Quality factors and agreed on Brand name and Availability factors as reflected
Cariaga, B., tify the data of respondent. Results shows in the table. Furthermore, table 01 show that the number one factor is the price, fol-
Marcos, D., that the respondents are always using and lowed by wide arrays of choices, Quality Brand name and Availability respectively as
inclined of the following intelligence; Inter- reflected to their mean assessment.
Tauro, J., personal (2.50), Intrapersonal (2.50), Spiritu-
Tayaban, J., al (2.61), Environmentalist (2.61). As to their Discussion
Verdadero, M., Learning Styles, majority of them is frequent- Patronizing of second- garments and textiles as sories that may be bought
ly using auditory (3.76), visual (3.92) and hand garments and tex- reflected on the table in relatively high-class
CB Kristine C. Tenefrancia tactile (3.68) learning styles. Participants are tiles may be influence by above. Thus people of stores and shopping
_____________ always inclined on the test strategies as to various and external fac- Tuguegarao City patron- malls. That people bought
their study skills. Further analysis shows that tors. Factors are some- ized these products main- these items at lower cost
the result of their board exam is significant to thing that helps to influ- ly because of its cheap which can save them an
International school of ence and cause some- and affordable price. It is amount of money. Sec-
their Multiple Intelligence (p70.05), Learning
Asia and the Pacific style (p70.05)and study skills (p70.05). this thing happen. Generally, further explained by a ond prevailing factors is
study concluded that Multiple Intelligence, factors have a vital role research conducted by Wide array of Choices as
Alimannao Hills, as it deals with the be- Abueg 2005 that ukay- the second highest. It is
Learning styles and Study Skills is not a con-
Penablanca, Cagayan havior of a person in deci- ukay is a very affordable social acceptance that
tributory factors to the board exam result of
sion making. Patroniza- source of fashion yet du- motivates them, rather
the topnotchers. tion is an act of being a rable clothing material for that the possibility of con-
This study therefore recommends frequent or regular cus- those with relatively low structing a new identity
that instructors should further investigate the tomer or user of a certain incomes. Some people throught a total makeover
consistency of their study to the board pass- productions. Based on the would resort to buy ukay- or disguise. The look cre-
ers who are not topnotchers. result of the study, Price ukay items because the ated by wearing top of
Keywords: multiple intelligence; learning factor is the highest and latter are relatively ho- the line clothing, even if
number one factor in pat- mogenous with the brand only second-hand, enable
styles; study skills; general average
ronizing second-hand new garments and acces- them to achieve signs of
26 23

respectability that protect them from
social disapproval,( Investigating Second
-hand fashion trade and consumption in
the Philippines: Expanding existing dis-
courses, Veronica L. Isla) Followed by
Quality factor which people evaluated
ukay-ukay products are made with fine
materials which they may use it in a long
period of time. According to the study of
Garovillas (2009), ukay-ukay nowadays
is fashionable with durable material for
those with relatively low incomes. Even
the items are second-hand; consumer
may still prefer them because they feel
like winner after a successful bargain
hunt. A product with good quality does
not only satisfy the customers but also
makes the customers patronized the
where in the boast about the product
and encourages their friends to try, (W.
Edward Dem-ing). Brand name is also
considered as one of the main reasons
why people continuously patronizing
ukay-ukay products. It is also helps con-
sumers to identify and locate product
with less information processing and
decision and time because of the ex-
pected quality from accumulated brand
knowledge (Pelsmacker et. A1, 2004).
On the Availability factors people see
this kind of selling even in shopping
malls in big cities in the Philippines.
However, the things one finds at real
ukay-ukay stalls along dusty side streets
and often crowded alleys can be surpris-
ing. Furthermore, not only on the street,
malls but also you may see selling ukay-
ukay in the internet or social media.
Furthermore, clothing retailers can be
grouped according to social categories:
on the upper scale are retailers of de-
signer, high-end brands who have some-
how become connoisseurs of fashion
experts, facilitating brand consciousness,
selling only the best goods and choosing
location in the more upscale areas of the
city; and on the lower scale are retailers
selling backstreet ares and catering to
less discriminating customers ( Locsin,
2007).
Recommendations
The following are recom-
mendations offered by the re-
searchers:
Researchers recommend
for the Government of Tuguega-
rao City, Cagayan base on the
finding of this research to inform
the locality of Tuguegarao City,
Cagayan how these ukay-ukay
products being patronized by the
folks and how these products af-
fects the industry of Tuguegarao
City. Base on the findings,
Tuguegarao City Government
must conduct seminars and activi-
ties who talks about the dis-
advantage of buying ukay-
ukay not only in the economy in
particular but in the country in
general.
Researchers recommend
to the seller of brand new gar-
ments and textiles to use the find-
ing of this research as a basis how
the people behave in buying prod-
ucts especially in terms or gar-
ments and textiles.
Researchers recommend
to the future researchers to con-
duct studies of the same or relat-
ed to the present study and this
serve as basis or a source of re-
view which can help future re-
searchers to improve the research
they wish to make.
24
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
Based on the foregoing findings, there are
contributory factors affecting the patroniza-
tion of secondhand garments and textiles. This study concluded that price
as a factor is the number one contributory factor followed by wide array of
choices, quality, brand name and availability respectively. This study also
revealed that seller and buyer has different perception in ukay-ukay prod-
ucts in term of wide array of choices and quality factors.
REFERENCES
Enumerated below are references which used as a basis and source of information in
order to finish this research study. An act to safeguard the health of the people and
maintain the dignity of the nation by declaring it national policy to prohibit the com-
mercial importation of the textile articles commonly known as a used clothing and
rags(R.A 4653)
Luisito Abueg, (2005) Economics of secondhand Retail Trade: An Analysis of the Mar-
ket for Ukay-ukay
Valdez, J.A.P., B.R.L. Acosta & B.V. Ramos(n.d) Competitiveness, Viability, Economic
benefits and Difficulties of Ukay-ukay.
Vernonica L. Isla(n.d) Investigating second-hand fashion trade and consumption in the
Philippines: example existing discourses
Bulatlat(n.d) The economics of ukay-ukay
Ate Glo bans ukay-ukay imports in Philippines Star . Retrieved 2002, 07 February.
Consumer confidence in RP down in Philippine star . Retrieved 2002, 07 February.
Cabreza, V. (2001). Wagwagan fashion pushed for Pinoys in Philippines Daily Inquire
Dickson, P.R. and Sawyer , A.G. (1990). The price knowledge and search of supermar-
ket shoppers. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54 No. 3, pp. 42-53.
Summerour, J. (200). Season for supercenters. Progressive Grocer, Vol. 79 No. 9, pp.
32-4
Beck, E. (2000). Stores told to lift prices in Germany. Wall Street Journal, September
11, p. 27. Crosby, P.B. (1979), Quality is free: The art of making quality certain, New
American Library, New York, NY.
Miriam Grace A. Go(n.d.) The Business Characteristics of Ukay-Ukay Enterprise in Da-
vao City Ukay-Ukay: Cheap, Branded-and Smuggled
F. Villa, J. Bautista, J. Parecto, R. Rivera (et.al) Factors Associated with the Patronage of
Ukay-Ukay Products in Davao City
Garovillas. (2009). Retailing Management. Retrieved http://www.amazon.com/
Locsin, R. (2007). Fashioning a Culture through Baguio City’s Ukay-Ukay. Paper from
the conference “INTER: A European Culture Studies Institute of Sweden (ACSIS) in
Norrkoping 11-13 June 2007”
W. Edwards Deming(n.d.) Quality Productivity and Competitive Position.
25
 Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344

continuation on discussion...
information and intelligence. In main the same for today’s student –
providing a wider range of learning they fail because they do not know
activities and experiences, he believes how to study. Further study shows
that learning can be enhanced the relationship between the multiple
(Linsenbach, 2000). intelligence of the topnotcher-
respondents as to their general aver-
Table 02 is about the mean
age in the licensure examination,
distribution of topnotcher-
whereas the only significances are:
respondents’ assessment as to their
different learning styles. Generally, There is a significant differ-
topnotcher-respondents “frequently” ence between the logical/
by the categorical mean of 3.76 adopt mathematical intelligence as to the
the auditory learning style. “Learning general average. Customs broker li-
Style” has been defined by various censure examination constitutes sub-
scholars mostly as a signal of individu- ject areas like customs procedures
al differences. These differences may and documentation and practical ap-
manifest itself in “life styles” and even plications (computation) requiring
in personality types (Zhang and Stern- inner logical analysis of situational
berg 2005). Kolb (1984) and Honey problems and abilities to solve num-
and Mumford (1992) describe learning bers, hence it shows on the high gen- INTRODUCTION
style as an individual preferred or ha- eral average obtained is a product of
Academic performance of skills.
bitual ways of processing and trans- good intelligence.; and there is a sig-
forming knowledge. nificant difference between the Musi- students has been the subject of
Pouring knowledge ac-
cal/Rhythmic Intelligence of the top- intensive research over the
Table 03 is all about the quired over years of studying into
notcher-respondents as to the Gen- past years. It has become an
Mean Distribution of Topnotcher- a single examination is never
eral Average. Howard Gardener, a issue of standards and quality in
Respondents as to Study Skills. easy. The thought of a looming
professor at Harvard, introduce his education as judged from the
Among others, topnotcher- licensure examination can relent-
theory of multiple intelligences in performance of students in na-
respondents regarded the test strate- lessly torture an examinee physi-
1983. Multiple Intelligences is a theo- tional licensure and board
gy/Test anxiety Skills part an “always” cally and mentally so with the
ry about the brain that says human examination.
compared to the Concentration/ high pressure of expectations
beings are born with single intelli-
memory, information processing and
gence that cannot be changed, and is The outstanding perfor- among people. As such, this top-
Motivation/Attitude meaning that top-
measurable by a psychologist. Gar- mance of Bachelor of Science in notchers were looked upon with
notcher-respondents always uses
dener believes that there are eight Customs Administration Top- great wonder. Through this re-
strategies while taking tests/
different intelligences in humans. The notchers from 2009-2016 in licen- search, Multiple Intelligence,
examinations. The study of Osa-Edoh
eight are verbal linguistic, visual spa- sure examinations has important Learning Styles, and Study Skills
and Alutu (2012) which examined the
tial, bodily-kinesthetic, mathematical
usefulness of imbibing in the students’ ramifications to educators, school of topnotchers will be elaborated
logic, musical, intrapersonal, interper-
study habit, states that only when and the educational system in to know if each or all has relation
sonal, and naturalist.
students imbibe or cultivate proper general. Hence, there is a need to their impressive performances
study habits that their academic per- The study portrays the rela- to look into the factors that con- as they paved their own way to-
formance can be improved upon. tionship between the Learning Styles tribute to the academic perfor- wards to the top.
Progue (2000) did a research to de- of Topnotcher Respondents as to their
mance of the students whether
termine the reasons for students’ general average in licensure examina-
faling grades. According to research, tion wherein there is also no signifi- such is affected by multiple intel-
the reasons from thirty years ago re- cances found. ligences, learning styles or study

30 27

METHODOLOGY
The researchers
utilized a descriptive corre-
lational research design in
conducting this study. The
three variables were corre-
lated unto which effects the
other or which has impact
to the dependent variable-
the licensure examination
results if there is a signifi-
cant association. The re-
spondents of this study
were all the nineteen (19)
Customs Broker Licensure
Examination Topnotchers of
different years from 2009-
2016 of International School
of Asia and the Pacific re-
ferred to as “topnotcher-
respondents”. Three (3)
standardized questionnaires
were used to process the
outcome of this research.
These were the Latest Ver-
sion of Multiple Intelligence
Profiling Questionnaire by
Tirri and Nokelainen 2008,
Learning Style inventory,
developed by Dunn and
Dunn (1996); and Study
Skills Questionnaire from
the UHCL Counselling Ser-
vice. The researchers uti-
lized the Non-Probability
Sampling method in this
particular study. Infor-
mation and data gathered
were treated statistically as
per Frequency Distribution,
Percentage and Mean.
RESULT
Table 01. General Mean Distribution of the Topnotcher-
respondents As To Multiple Intelligence
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
Linguistic/Verbal Intelligence
Logical/Mathematica Intelligence
Spatial/Visual Intelligence
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Existential/Spiritual Intelligence
Naturalistic/Environmentalist
Intelligence
Overall Mean
Table 02. General Mean Distribution of topnotcher-
respondents As to Learning Styles
LEARNING STYLES
Auditory Learning Style
Visual Learning Style
Tactile Learning Style
Kinesthetic Learning Style
Overall Mean
Table 03. General Mean Distribution of Topnotcher
-repondents As To Study Skills
LEARNING STYLES
Concentration/Memory
Test Strategies/Test Anxiety
Information Processing
Motivation/Attitude
Overall Mean
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
Majority of the topnotcher-
respondents have ages around 20-
DISCUSSION 23 as shown in 73.7 percentage.
No topnotcher-respondent aged
above 31 year old range. Among
the nineteen (19) respondents,
twelve (12) of them are male and
CATEGORICAL
MEAN
Table 01 is about the Mean the other seven (7) are female.
2.14 Along the years, Top 1, Top 5 and
Distribution of Topnotchers- Top 8 were differently topped by
2.20
Respondents as to their Multi- three (3) topnotchers for each spot.
2.17 ple Intelligences. Among the While for Top 2, Top 4, Top 6, Top
2.22 nine (9) classifications of How- 8, and Top 9, two (2) names hailed
for each spot accordingly. Nine of
ard Gardener, results shows
2.24 the topnotcher-respondents are Ro-
that respondents are always man Catholic and no one is a Mus-
2.50
using and inclined on the fol- lim. When it comes to ethnicity,
2.50
lowing intelligence; Interper- Ilocano has the greatest number of
2.61
sonal (2.50), Intrapersonal eleven (11) while there was no
Ibatan or Igorot among them.
2.61 (2.50), Spiritual (2.61), Envi-
Table 01 is about the Mean
ronmentalist (2.61).
2.37 Distribution of Topnotcher-
Respondents as to their Multiple In-
telligences. Among nine (9) classifi-
cations of Howard Gardener, the
Linguistic, Logical, Spatial, Bodily-
CATEGORICAL Table 02 is about the mean Kinesthetic and Musical were regard-
MEAN
distribution of topnotchers- ed to as “sometimes” being observed
by the topnotcher respondents. On
3.76 respondents’ assessments as to
the other hand, the intrapersonal,
3.92 their different learning styles. As to
interpersonal, spiritual and naturalist
3.68 their Learning Styles, majority of
classifications were regarded as
them is frequently using auditory
3.26 “always” being practiced. As a child
(3.76), Visual (3.92) and tactile
seeks and acquires new experiences,
3.66 (3.68) learning styles.
new synapses will grow and
strengthen in the brain. If the num-
ber of stimulating, new experiences
drops off, the number of synapses
will diminish and be lost, breaking
CATEGORICAL Table 03 is all about the Mean
some of the Learning connections.
MEAN
2.99
Distribution of Topnotcher- Those synapses that are not used
3.27
Respondents as to Study Skills. regularly are pruned off in the sec-
Among others, topnotcher- ond decade of life, and they are lost
3.21
respondents are always inclined forever. Though much about the
3.20 brain remains a mystery, scientist,
on the test strategies as to their
3.17 study skills.
psychologist, and behaviorist contin-
ue to learn more about the way it
function and processes (continue on page 26)
28 29

Table 02. Evaluation of problems/issues being encouraged in the selectivity system
in terms of screening, targeting and profiling of high and low risk shipment.
Questions Score
Slow process of Non-intrusive examination of x-ray
examination
Spot checking of shipment which are tagged
"GREEN"
Routing of shipments without any bad records as
high risk
Routing to low risk shipment due to the default
lane
Routing to high risk shipment due to outdated
parameters of the risk management office.
Routing to high risk shipment due to outdated
parameters of the account management office
Routing to high risk shipment because of previous
records or entry declarations tagged as "RED"
Routing to high risk shipment because of the low
quality of screens (i.e., too general selection crite-
ria) due to inability to undertake account-based
monitoring and analysis.
Routing to high risk shipment because pf the non-
specificity of screens causing a significant number
of entries to be channeled into the red lane.
Routing to high risk shipments because pf the in-
sufficient updating of screens due mainly to inade-
quate inputs.
CONCLUSION
This study there for found out that the selectivity system
of the Philippines is ineffective. Furthermore, this study
found that there are problems encountered in the sys-
tem which are prevalent.
CONCLUSION
In the outcome of this study, mul-
tiple intelligences, learning styles and
study skills of topnotchers have differ-
ent relationships as to their licensure
Interpretation examination results. Outcomes were:
multiple intelligence has no association
2.97 Prevalent to age and religion, learning styles
has no relationship with profile varia-
Moderately bles of topnotcher-respondents except
2.30
prevalent ethnicity, and study skills only varies on
age and sex. Multiple intelligences and
2.27 Prevalent learning styles has no association with
each other so with multiple intelligenc-
es and study skills but learning styles
2.60 Prevalent
and study skills do have connection.
Finding however revealed that the
2.80 Prevalent result of the licensure examination is
considerably affected by each type of
multiple intelligences.
2.67 Prevalent The topnotcher - respondent’s
learning styles and study skills has no
Moderately effect with regards to the outcome of
2.47
prevalent their licensure examination result.
2.90 Prevalent RECOMMENDATION
The following are recommendations
offered by the researchers:
Researchers recommend for the
2.67 Prevalent future researchers to conduct studies
of the same or related to the present
study to have a total enumeration or
a larger number of respondents to
2.80 Prevalent expand future the results of the pre-
sent day.
Researchers recommend the pre-
sent and the future students of Bach-
elor in Science in Customs Administra-
tion to excel more on their present
study.
Researchers recommend the ad-
ministration and the faculty to main-
tain the present competitive teaching
strategy to improve it.
Topnotcher - respondents have
recommendations for students too as
setting for the top spot in the exam
means going into every detail while in
school.
34
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
REFERENCES
Aquino, L. (2011). Study habits and attitudes of
freshman students: implication for academic
intervention programs. Journal of Language
Teaching and Research, Vol. 2 (5). 1116-1121.\
Demir, S., Kilic, M., & Dogan, A. (2012). The
effect of curriculum for developing efficient
studying skills on academic achievements and
studying skills of learners. International Electron-
ic Journal of Elementary Education, Vol. 4 (3),
427-440
Almeida, L. S., Prieto, M. D., Ferreira, A.I., Berme-
jo, M. R., Fernando, M., Ferrandiz, C. (2010).
Intelligence Assessment: Gardner Multiple intelli-
gence theory as an alternative. Learning and
individual differences. 20(3). 225-230
Gardner, Howard (2006) Changing Minds. The
art and science of changing our own and other
people’s minds. Boston MA.: Harvard Business
School Press.
Kornhaber, M. L. (2001) ‘Howard Gardner’ in J.
A. Palmer (ed.) Fifty Modern Thinkers on Educa-
tion. From Piaget to the present, London: Rout
Ledge.
Pablo Fernandez-Berrocal, Danielle Martines,
Natalio Extremera Pacheco. Assessment of Emo-
tional and MultipleIntelligences(6/10/2008).
Logan, Katherine. (2013). Help Students Develop
Good Study Habits. Retrieved from http:/
edtheory.com/2013/11/help-students-develop-
good-study-habits.html
Amora, S. A. V. P., et.al (2013). Study Skills of
Grade V and Grade VI Students in Baluarte Ele-
mentary School, School Year 2012-2013. Re-
trieved from http:/
www.academia.edu/3753746/
FINAL_RESERCH_PAPER1
Mendezabal, Marie Jean N. “Study Habits and
Attitudes: the Road to Academic Success.” Open
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attitudes-the-road-to-success.html.
Acaling, G and Tababa, R.J. (2013). Research
Paper Regarding Study Skills. Retrieved from
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Rochford, R.A. (2003). Assessing Learning Styles
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677
31

Lyceum EFFECTIVITY OF THE SELECTIVITY SYSTEM OF
of the BUREAU OF CUSTOMS OF THE PHILIPPINES IN
Philippines SCREENING, TARGETING, AND PROFILING OF
University HIGH AND LOW RISK SHIOMENT
BELERAN, kizha Vhan T. | POJAS, Kathleen Trisha S. | Sales, Robert Constance L.
ABSTRACT
The integration of tech-
nology resulted to an revolution of
the selectivity system of customs
administrations. Each custom
administration, based in their own
system in compliance with the
regulation and system formulated
from WCO. The Philippines is
prone to smuggling according to
the hearing conducted on the 3rd
of August, 2017, said by Majority
Leader Rodolfo Fariñas. There's a
problem on the risk management
system, especially, the selectivity
system of the Philippines.
This research study was
conducted mainly to determine the
effectiveness of the parameters of
selectivity system of the Bureau of
Customs in the Philippines specifi-
cally in screening, targeting, and
profiling of high and low risk ship-
ments.
This study utilized yhe
descriptive quantitative research in
gathering information. The data of
this research were gathered
through interviews and survey.
Gathered data were tabulated and
analysed using the percentage
formula and weighted mean. The
four-point likert scale was used in
measuring the answer of the re-
spondents.
The researchers have
found out and prove that there is a
significant relationship between
the effectiveness of the selectivity
system and the problems encoun-
tered by the stakeholder, based on
the results oh the survey, whereas
the selectivity system of the Philip-
pines in screening, targeting and
profiling of high and low risk ship-
ment is ineffective.
Vol. 1 / ISSN: 2672-3344
that contains, in addition to the risk linked to the elements declared to the
current transaction, the potential risk related to the participants in the trans-
action. This means that the custom' intelligence database must take into ac-
count the history of the participants in the trade chain.
This study is conducted mainly to determine the effectiveness of the
criteria selectivity system specially in screening, targeting and profiling being
implemented and the applied in the bureau of customs in its practice. This
INTRODUCTION
also aims to provide references to the bureau of customs for the evaluation
its risk management based selectivity system at par with the globalization
and competitiveness of the world while maintaining sound and harmonious
The problem and its background system.
Currently, all of the members of the world
customs organization have developed their respec-
tive Modernized selectivity system after the imple-
METHODOLOGY
ment of the risk management system under the This study utilized the descrip- selectivity system, and bureau of cus-
Revised Kyoto Convention. However, with the tive quantitative research in gathered toms' Employees, who are implement-
information. Quantitative methods em- ing the selectivity system. The survey
growing volume of daily transaction in the interna-
tional trade, even the Modernized system some- phasize objective measurements and were distributed to the brokerage films
the statistics, mathematical analysis of located to the Intramuros and Binondo
times fail to check every consignment.
data collected through polls, question- Manila, and at port of manila last Octo-
The risk management system was devel- naires, and survey, or by manipulating ber 2017.
oped to guide the countries to have an effective pre-existing statistical data using com- The data gathered from the
custom control at borders through usage of the putation techniques. This data for this survey were tabulated and analyzed
research gathered through interviews
appropriate selectivity criteria on a non- using the percentage formula and
and survey.
discriminatory basis for controlling imports, ex- weighted mean. The percentages for-
ports, transit of goods, and means of transport. This respondents of this study mula was used in determining the per-
This system also allows for a better distribution of were thirteen (13) Filipino Licensed centage of each variables in the study.
human resources, increase customs venues, and Custom Brokers, thirteen(13) Custom While weighted mean was used to de-
improves compliance with laws and regulations. In representatives/Declarant and four(4) termine the weighted average of each
imposters, who rare currently using variables of the study. A four-point Lik-
accordance with WTO agreement on trade facilita-
tion, the Philippines has adapted accordance with e2m system and are directly affected by ert scale was also used in measuring
the WTO Agreement system for its custom con- lane selections of the bureau's the answer of respondents.
trols. For the continuous development of the sys-
tem, it created different laws, rules and regulation
for the effective implementation band application.
RESULT
Under the risk management system is the Selectivity System Mean Interpretation
application of selectivity system, which is a proce- Table 01.
Mean assessment of the
dure being applied to every shipment through an Profiling 2.52 Ineffective
respondents on the dif-
appropriate selectivity criteria. Such selectivity cri-
Screening 2.36 Ineffective ferent parameters of the
teria may include, inter alia, the Harmonized sys- selectivity system in
tem code, nature and description of the goods, Targeting 2.03 Ineffective terms of profiling,
country of original, country from which the good screening, and targeting
were shipped, value of the goods, compliance rec- Total Mean 2.30 Ineffective high and low risk ship-
ord of traders, and type of means of transport.
ments.
This system aims to fight fraud and smuggling.
Thus, Customs must create and maintain database
32 33
 RECOMMENDATION strict and enforced control mechanisms
and improve coordination among the
Based on the summary of findings, the RMO, AMO, MSTG to allow them to play
conclusion that there is a significant rela- crucial roles in the risk management sys-
tionship between the effectiveness of the tem in a well-coordinated manner.
selectivity system and the problems en- The Customs Brokers should comply with
countered by the stakeholders. Thus, the all the requirements necessary as pre-
following recommendations were suggest- scribed by the bureau. They should retain
ed: the learning from the code of ethics, up-
Update regularly the criteria/parameters hold the pillars/values namely, compe-
of selectivity system through screening, tence, integrity, justice and fairness, and
targeting and profiling of high and low risk compliance with the R.A 9280.
shipment; A study about the suspension of the green
Lessen the human intervention in the lane, its short and long term impact on
selectivity system; trafe facilitation, its effect on businesses
and challenges it will pose to logistics
Course red lane as a default lane in order
operations..
to lessen the probabilities of any kind of
fraud; A study on the Super green lane and su-
per green lane plus entries, an exemption
Adopt an efficient cargo clearance system
to the selectivity system it's effectiveness
which builds on a well-functioning infor-
and problems posed in the implementa-
mation technology (IT) system and effec-
tion of such trade facilitation measure.
tive selectivity system;
An informative study whether the RMO
Strengthen information database on im-
has developed a good information system
porter through a well-coordinated system
to really detect customs fraud and en-
Improve management supervision and hance trade facilitation.

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