2 8 Naming Simple Compounds PDF

Naming Simple
Compounds
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds
• consist of positive and negative ions.
• have attractions called ionic bonds between

positively and negatively charged ions.
• have high melting and boiling points.
• are solid at room temperature.
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Salt is An Ionic Compound
Sodium chloride or “table salt” is an example of an

ionic compound.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Naming Ionic Compounds with Two
Elements
To name a
compound that
contains two
elements,
• identify the cation

and anion.
• name the cation first
followed by the
name of the anion.

Binary Ionic Compounds Type (I)
An ionic formula
• consists of positively and negatively charged ions.
• is neutral.
• has charge balance.

total positive charge = total negative charge
The symbol of the metal is written first followed by

the symbol of the nonmetal.

Charge Balance In MgCl2
In MgCl2,
• a Mg atom loses two

valence electrons.
• two Cl atoms each

gain one electron.
• subscripts indicate
the number of ions
needed to give
charge balance.

Charge Balance in Na2S
In Na2S.
• two Na atoms lose

one valence electron
each.
• one S atom gains two

electrons.
• subscripts show the

number of ions
needed to give Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
charge balance. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Guide to Writing Formulas from the Name


Writing Ionic Formulas from Charges
Charge balance is used to write the formula for

sodium nitride, a compound containing Na+ and N3−.
Na+
3 Na+ + N3− = Na3N
Na+
3(+1) + 1(3-) = 0

The balance of charges in Aluminum Oxide

Formula from Ionic Charges
Write the ionic formula of the compound with Ba2+ and Cl−.
• Write the symbols of the ions.

Ba2+ Cl−
• Balance the charges.
Ba2+ Cl− two Cl- needed
Cl−
• Write the ionic formula using a subscript 2 for two chloride
ions that give charge balance.
BaCl2

Learning Check
Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic

compounds.
A. Na+ and S2-

1) NaS 2) Na2S 3) NaS2
B. Al3+ and Cl-

1) AlCl3 2) AlCl 3) Al3Cl
C. Mg2+ and N3-

1) MgN 2) Mg2N3 3) Mg3N2

Solution
A. Na+ and S2-

2) Na2S
check: 2Na+ + S2- = 2(1+) + 1(2-) = 0
B. Al3+ and Cl-

1) AlCl3
check: Al3+ + Cl- = (3+) + 3(1-) = 0
C. Mg2+ and N3-

3) Mg3N2
check: 2Mg2+ +2N3- = 2(3+) + 2(3-) = 0

Useful relationships from the periodic table

Names of Some Common Ions


Examples of Ionic Compounds with Two
Elements
Formula Ions Name

cation anion
NaCl Na+ Cl- sodium chloride
K2S K+ S2- potassium sulfide
MgO Mg2+ O2- magnesium oxide
CaI2 Ca2+ I- calcium iodide
Al2O3 Al3+ O2- aluminum oxide

Learning Check
Write the formulas and names for compounds of

the following ions:
Br− S2− N3−
Na+
Al3+

Solution
Br− S2− N3−
NaBr Na2S Na3N

sodium sodium sodium
Na+
bromide sulfide nitride
AlBr3 Al2S3 AlN

aluminum aluminum aluminum
bromide sulfide nitride
Al3+

Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
Transition Metals form Positive Ions
Most transition metals and Group 4(14) metals form 2
or more positive ions.
Zn2+, Ag+, and Cd2+ form only one ion.

Metals that form more than One Cation
The name of metals with two or more positive ions

(cations) use a Roman numeral to identify ionic charge.
Lead Pb2+ lead(II)

Pb4+ lead(IV)


Naming Ionic Compounds with Variable
Charge Metals


Naming Variable Charge Metals
Transition metals
with two different
ions use a Roman
numeral after the
name of the metal
to indicate ionic
charge.

Naming FeCl2
To name FeCl2
1. Determine the charge of the cation using the charge
of the anion (Cl-).
Fe ion + 2 Cl- = Fe ion + 2- = 0
Fe ion = 2+
2. Name the cation by the element name and add a
Roman numeral in parenthesis to show its charge.
Fe2+ = iron(II)
3. Write the anion with an ide ending.
FeCl2 = iron(II) chloride

Naming Cr2O3
To name Cr2O3
1. Determine the charge of cation from the anion (O2-).
2 Cr ions + 3 O2- = 0
2 Cr ions + 3 (2-) = 0
2 Cr ions - 6 = 0
2 Cr ions = +6
Cr ion = 3+ = Cr3+
2. Name the cation by the element name and add a
Roman numeral in parenthesis to show its charge.
Cr3+ = chromium(III)
3. Write the anion with an ide ending.
chromium(III) oxide = Cr2O3
Learning Check
Select the correct name for each.

A. Fe2S3
1) iron sulfide
2) iron(II) sulfide
3) iron(III) sulfide
B. CuO
1) copper oxide
2) copper(I) oxide
3) copper(II) oxide

Solution
Select the correct name for each.

A. Fe2S3
3) iron (III) sulfide Fe3+ S2-
B. CuO
3) copper (II) oxide Cu2+ O2-

Binary Compounds with
Polyatomic Ions
A polyatomic ion
• is a group of atoms.
• has an overall ionic charge.
Some examples of polyatomic ions are

NH4+ ammonium OH− hydroxide
NO3− nitrate NO2− nitrite
CO32− carbonate PO43− phosphate
HCO3− hydrogen carbonate
(bicarbonate)

Some Compounds with Polyatomic Ions


Some Names of Polyatomic Ions
The names of common polyatomic anions

• end in ate.
NO3− nitrate PO43− phosphate
• with one oxygen less end in ite.
NO2− nitrite PO33− phosphite
• with hydrogen attached use the prefix hydrogen (or bi).
HCO3− hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
HSO3− hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)

Names and Formulas of Common
Polyatomic Ions
oxyanions


Names and Formulas of Common
Polyatomic Ions


Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
• The positive ion is named first followed by the

name of the polyatomic ion.
NaNO3 sodium nitrate
K2SO4 potassium sulfate
Fe(HCO3)3 iron(III) bicarbonate
or iron(III) hydrogen carbonate
(NH4)3PO3 ammonium phosphite

Formation of Ionic Compounds

Some Compounds with Polyatomic Ions


Learning Check
Match each formula with the correct name.
A. MgS 1) magnesium sulfite

MgSO3 2) magnesium sulfate
MgSO4 3) magnesium sulfide
B. Ca(ClO3)2 1) calcium chlorate

CaCl2 2) calcium chlorite
Ca(ClO2)2 3) calcium chloride

Solution
Match each formula with the correct name:
A. MgS 3) magnesium sulfide

MgSO3 1) magnesium sulfite
MgSO4 2) magnesium sulfate
B. Ca(ClO3)2 1) calcium chlorate

CaCl2 3) calcium chloride
Ca(ClO2)2 2) calcium chlorite

Learning Check
Name each of the following compounds:
A. Mg(NO3)2
B. Cu(ClO3)2
C. PbO2
D. Fe2(SO4)3
E. Ba3(PO3)2

Solution
Name each of the following compounds:
A. Mg(NO3)2 magnesium nitrate

B. Cu(ClO3)2 copper(II) chlorate
C. PbO2 lead(IV) oxide
D. Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfate
E. Ba3(PO3)2 barium phosphite

Writing Formulas with Polyatomic Ions
The formula of an ionic compound

• containing a polyatomic ion must have a charge
balance that equals zero (0).
Na+ and NO3− Æ NaNO3
• with two or more polyatomic ions has the

polyatomic ions in parentheses.
Mg2+ and 2NO3− Æ Mg(NO3)2
subscript 2 for charge balance

Learning Check
Select the correct formula for each.

A. aluminum nitrate
1) AlNO3 2) Al(NO)3 3) Al(NO3)3
B. copper(II) nitrate
1) CuNO3 2) Cu(NO3)2 3) Cu2(NO3)
C. iron(III) hydroxide
1) FeOH 2) Fe3OH 3) Fe(OH)3
D. tin(IV) hydroxide
1) Sn(OH)4 2) Sn(OH)2 3) Sn4(OH)

Solution
Select the correct formula for each.
A. aluminum nitrate
3) Al(NO3)3
B. copper(II) nitrate
2) Cu(NO3)2
C. iron(III) hydroxide
3) Fe(OH)3
D. tin(IV) hydroxide
1) Sn(OH)4

Learning Check
Write the correct formula for each.
A. potassium bromate
B. calcium carbonate
C. sodium phosphate
D. iron(III) oxide
E. iron(II) nitrite

Solution
Write the correct formula for each.

A. potassium bromate KBrO3
B. calcium carbonate CaCO3
C. sodium phosphate Na3PO4
D. iron(III) oxide Fe2O3
E. iron(II) nitrite Fe(NO2)2

Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds


Flowchart for Naming Ionic Compounds

Molecular vs. Ionic Compounds

Covalent Bonding

QUESTION
Hypochlorous acid is related to the anion found in common
household bleach. Which of the following is that common
anion?
1. ClO4–
2. ClO3–
3. ClO2–
4. ClO–

QUESTION
Which of the following provides the correct name for
Ca(H2PO4)2?
1. Calcium dihydrogen phosphate

2. Calcium (II) hydrogen phosphate
3. Calcium di-dihydrogen phosphate
4. Calcium (II) dihydrogen phosphate

Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)
Covalent bonds form
• when atoms share electrons to complete octets.
• between two nonmetal atoms.
• between nonmetal atoms from Groups 4A(14),

5A(15), 6A(16), and 7A(17).

Naming Covalent Compounds
Table 2.6
To name covalent
compounds
• STEP 1: Name the first
nonmetal as an element.
• STEP 2: Name the second
nonmetal with an ide
ending.
• STEP 3: Use prefixes to
indicate the number of
atoms (subscript) of each
element.

What is the name of SO3?
1. The first nonmetal is S sulfur.

2. The second nonmetal is O named oxide.
3. The subscript 3 of O is shown as the prefix tri.
SO3 Æ sulfur trioxide
The subscript 1 (for S) or mono is understood.

Name P4S3.
1. The first nonmetal P is phosphorus.

2. The second nonmetal S is sulfide.
3. The subscript 4 of P is shown as tetra.
The subscript 3 of S is shown as tri.
P4S3 Æ tetraphosphorus trisulfide

Formulas and Names of Some Covalent
Compounds


Learning Check
Select the correct name for each compound.

A. SiCl4 1) silicon chloride
2) tetrasilicon chloride
3) silicon tetrachloride
B. P2O5 1) phosphorus oxide
2) phosphorus pentoxide
3) diphosphorus pentoxide
C. Cl2O7 1) dichlorine heptoxide
2) dichlorine oxide
3) chlorine heptoxide

Solution
Select the correct name for each compound.
A. SiCl4 3) silicon tetrachloride

B. P2O5 3) diphosphorus pentoxide
C. Cl2O7 1) dichlorine heptoxide

Learning Check
Write the name of each covalent compound.
CO _____________________
CO2 _____________________
PCl3 _____________________
CCl4 _____________________
N2O _____________________

Solution
Write the name of each covalent compound.
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
PCl3 phosphorus trichloride
CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
N2O dinitrogen monoxide

Guide to Writing Formulas
The prefixes in the name are used to write the formula.

STEP 1: Write the symbols in the order of the elements in
the name.
STEP 2: Write any prefixes as subscripts.
Example: Write the formula for carbon disulfide.

STEP 1: Elements are C and S
STEP 2: No prefix for carbon means 1 C
Prefix di = 2
Formula: CS2

Learning Check
Write the correct formula for each of the following.
A. phosphorus pentachloride
B. dinitrogen trioxide
C. sulfur hexafluoride

Solution
Write the correct formula for each of the following.
A. phosphorus pentachloride
1P penta = 5 Cl PCl5
B. dinitrogen trioxide
di = 2 N tri = 3 O N2O3
C. sulfur hexafluoride
1S hexa = 6 F SF6

Learning Check
Identify each compound as ionic or covalent and give its

correct name.
A. SO3
B. BaCl2
C. (NH4)3PO4
D. Cu2CO3
E. N2O4

Binary Acids
Acids produce H+ when dissolved in water.
They are compounds that ionize in water.
If the anion does not contain oxygen:
HCl hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid

HF hydrogen fluoride hydrofluoric acid
If the anion contain oxygen
Anion ends in-ate, the suffix –ic is added to the root name.
Anion ends in –ite, the suffix –ous.


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Naming Simple

• consist of positive and negative ions.

• have attractions called ionic bonds between

• have high melting and boiling points.

• are solid at room temperature.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–2

Sodium chloride or “table salt” is an example of an

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–3

• identify the cation

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–4

• consists of positively and negatively charged ions.

• has charge balance.

The symbol of the metal is written first followed by

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–5

• a Mg atom loses two

• two Cl atoms each

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–6

• two Na atoms lose

• one S atom gains two

• subscripts show the

charge balance. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–7

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2–8

Charge balance is used to write the formula for

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• Write the symbols of the ions.

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Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic

A. Na+ and S2-

B. Al3+ and Cl-

C. Mg2+ and N3-

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A. Na+ and S2-

B. Al3+ and Cl-

C. Mg2+ and N3-

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Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

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Formula Ions Name

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Write the formulas and names for compounds of

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Br− S2− N3−

NaBr Na2S Na3N

AlBr3 Al2S3 AlN

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Zn2+, Ag+, and Cd2+ form only one ion.

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The name of metals with two or more positive ions

Lead Pb2+ lead(II)

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Select the correct name for each.

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Select the correct name for each.