Occupational Health

and Safety

MAY 7
Submitted By
MOHSIN RAZA
(01-111161-078)
BBA-7(M)

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Occupational Health and Safety

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Defination
Means by which to control aspects of work production that involve
any degree of risk or danger that may cause injury or harm.
This process eliminates such elements to ensure employee health and safety.

Reasons For Occupational Health AND Safety

Eliminates possible danger

It is for the removal of all dangers and providing the environment of safe workplace for
the workers it is mandatory for every industry.

Safeguard employee productivity

Productivity can be safeguarded by using such measures that would help to maintain
and increase employee productivity

Means to promote workplace

Workplace can be promoted by providing such equipment’s and repairing maintaining
the workplace in a well manner to ensure that employees face no problems while doing
their work.

Protect employee rights

Employee rights are to be protected and is of prime importance for an organization to
maintain and retain its employees.

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MANAGEMNT’S ROLE IN EMPLOYEE SAFETY
There are number of strategies that can be used by organizations to ensure a healthy
and safe workplace. which are as follows

 Design
That is management’s duty to provide all the necessities according to the
requirements. Moreover, ensuring to provide with the safe and healthy workplace
to workers by removing all the dangers from the workplace.

 Exhibit
That strategy is to provide the employees with what the organization promises and
protecting employee rights. That would might help to maintain and enhance
employee rights.

 INSPECT
That includes inspecting the workplace problems which are being faced by
employees while working and removing all the hazards to ensure a healthy
workplace.

 Establish
So here management plays an important role to make such procedures and controls
that will help employees while performing activities or let them know how to do a
certain work and its do’s and don’ts.

 Develop
It is one of the duty of management to set some training programs for employees to
let them know and how to perform a certain task on workplace more efficiently and
what is the right way to do so.that would surely help its employee to become skillful
about their daily tasks.

 Set up
Health and safety committees will help employees of organization to interact with
them and resolving the conflicts regarding workplace.

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  Monitor
Safety policies must be made that will help management and employees to work in
a well manner so that a safe workplace can be provided.

 Draw Up
There must be an action plan and checklist that would help management to check
what actions plan have been taken in a way to ensure healthy and safe workplace
and what actions will help to increase workplace safety.

Industrial Casualties
There are a lot of casualties that may occur while working some of what I’ve found
in the given textbook is as follows:
 Heat strokes
 Hand, feet fingers cuts
 Deaths
 Bone fracture
 Dehydration
 Unconsciousness
 Allergy
 Backache
 Vomiting
Reasons for Casualties
there are a lot of reasons. Some of them we’ll discuss which are as follows
 Lack of expertise
one of the biggest reasons is lack of expertise that is not knowing what is right to do a
certain task, how a work can be done in an efficient manner.
 Working in dark areas
Those areas like mines. a lot of casualties are due to working in dark areas where
employees even don’t have light and it is quite difficult for them to do such a work.
a lot of deaths have been observed in such works.

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  Wrong procedures application
Not having knowledge of what is the right way or a procedure to perform a certain
task might be the reason to casualties on workplace.

 Fire
Fire while working may cause a severe damage to the wworkers and non availability
of fire extinguishes those damages may go to a more severe stage even death.

Precautions to Avoid Casualties

 Use of gloves, safety belts and other required things

 Timely Maintenance of machines
 Training workers
 Proper wrapping of electricity wires
 Availability of first aid boxes
 Keeping an eye on wear and tear of machines and their timely replacement

Policies and Rules regarding Health and Safety

LABOR POLICY 2002

HIGHEST PRIORITY IS GIVEN TO WROKPLACE SAFETY,RULES
FOR WROKPLACES HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED.HEALTH
COUNCILS WERE MADE TO ENSURE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF
WORKERS

FACTORY ACT 1934

A factory must be kept clean and free from odor/smell arising from any drain.

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 (a) accumulation of dirt and refuse to be removed daily by sweeping or by any other
effective method from the floors and benches of work-rooms and from stair-cases and
passages and disposed of in a suitable manner;

(b) the floor of every work-room must be cleaned at least once in every week by washing,
using disinfectant where necessary or by some other effective method;

(c) where the floor is liable to become wet in the course of any manufacturing, effective
means of drainage must be provided and maintained;

(d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings, or tops of rooms and walls, sides and tops or
passages and stair-cases must be repainted or re-varnished at least once in every five years;

 Disposal of wastes and effluents: Every factory must make effective arrangement for the
disposal of wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process.

Ventilation and temperature: Effective and suitable provisions must be made in every factory
for securing and maintaining in every work-room–

(a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air, and

(b) secure suitable temperature and avoid injury to health

 Dust and fume: Every factory must take effective measures to prevent its accumulation in any
work-room and its inhalation by workers and if any exhaust appliance is necessary for this
purpose, it should be applied as near as possible to the point of origin of the dust, fume or
other impurity.

Artificial humidification: The Government may, in respect of all factories in which humidity of
the air is artificially increased, make rules–

(a) prescribing standards of humidification;

(b) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the humidity of the air;

(c) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of the air to be correctly carried
out and recorded; and

(d) prescribing methods to be adopted for securing adequate ventilation and cooling of the
air in the work-rooms.

 Overcrowding: Workplace should not be crowded. Law requires 500 cubic feet of space for
every worker in a factory.

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  Lighting: Every factory must provide and maintain sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or
artificial, or both and emergency lighting of special points in work-rooms and passages to
function automatically in case of a failure of the ordinary electric supply system.

 Drinking Water: Every factory must provide sufficient supply of

wholesome drinking water to all employed workers.

In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed,
provision are to be made for cooling the drinking water during the hot weather by effective
means.

 Latrines and urinals: Every factory must have male and female toilets which are conveniently
situated and accessible to workers.

ILO/WHO CONVENTIONS
CONVENTION 18 (WORKERS COMPENSATION)
WORKERS FAMILY MUST BE COMPENSATED IF A
WROKER DIES ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF
GOVERNMENT
CONVENTION 19 (COMPENSATION FOR CAUSALITIES)
Labor courts are to be established for the well fair of
workers ,to help workers to get their rights
Convention 155 (occupational health and workplace
environment)
It is one of duty of every member of country to establish
occupational health and Safety policies with involving
trade union representatives.

CREATING A SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT

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1. Involve your employees in safety planning. Empower your workers to “own” safety by involving
them in safety planning. The more an employee understands and takes ownership of the safety
plan, the more he/she will take action;

2. Provide clear work instructions. Make sure that all safety instructions are clear and understood.
Review and confirm that your workers know what they are being asked to do;

3. Focus your safety efforts on the most likely issues. Yes, plan for major safety concerns, but
eliminate the small safety violations that contribute the most frequent injuries;

4. Create a safe work area. Prevent injuries and ensure an efficient job and workplace by creating a
safe work area – eliminate potential safety issues;

5. Maintain a clean work area. Remove the clutter and potential safety issues and you will help your
workers to be more productive;

6. Encourage your employees to have a voice in safety. When workers bring safety deficiencies and
new ideas to management’s attention, they are contributing to the culture of safety in your
workplace;

7. Focus on how each employee performs his/her job. Watch for employees who are taking
shortcuts that could reduce safety, but also look for employees who perform tasks in an improved
manner that could be adopted by the other staff;

8. Maintain all machinery in good working order. It is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that all
machinery is in good working order and that a routine maintenance program is in place;

9. Avoid and remove unnecessary hazards. Do a routine inspection of your workplace frequently to
identify any unnecessary hazards;

10. Revisit your safety guidelines every year. Start off each year with an inspection of your workplace
and a thorough review of your safety program.

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