Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AO
-
ÃO IM
Decision S u ~ ~ oDocument
rt PD Luz Beach & Marine
Assessment
Ç T
U R
D O
O P
The reconnaissance undertaken and this report have been completed at the
R E
direct request and benefit of Guillhermino Encarnacao the Algarve regional
EP D
Personal Profile
A BL
Iam a serving police ofíicer and the National Adviser in relation to Search for
Police agencies within the United Kingdom. My role involves advising on
ID U
Prologue
IN
In compiling this report I have walked around the relevant areas of Praia Da
M
Luz during the hours of darkness and then during daylight hours of high and
low tide. I have conduded reconnaissance flights using the Civil defence
helicopter. On 30/7/07a full site assessment of beach dynamics and a
digability study was conducted by me along with Professors Alveirhino Dias
and Oscar Ferreira costa1 and marine dynamics experts. Additional
consultation has been made with Dr. Jorge Goncalves, a marine biologist.
These named experts all work at the FCMA (oceanographic centre) University
of Algarve.
Mark Harrison Page 2
Report Ai m
'7his mport solely considers the smmh scenario that Madeline McCann
has been murdered and her body is concealeú on the beach at PD Luz or
has been put into the sea fmm the fotwhore".
The report considers the viability of burial on the beach and the likely
movement of a body if it entered the sea. It also considers the likely incidente
of such a disposal choice and any local impact factors that make this a more
or less likely event with the aim to inform decisions on any searches.
AO
In simple terms the beach is in a natural inlet and bounded by cliffs.
The winds are generally from the west and create low energy waves of less
ÃO IM
than 2m. This is significant regarding any body disposal scenario from the
shore as the wave energy is not sufficient to "take a body" out to sea. Instead
Ç T
a body would most likely trave1 eastwards in a re circulating motion along the
U R
shoreline until it was trapped by the rock outcrop to the east of the beach or
D O
consumed by marine life. ti the entry point was the rock outcrop itself to the
O P
east of the beach then the body would most likely continue in a re circulating
R E
motion along the shoreline until it again encountered a bamer to its passage,
EP D
the most eastward of this would be 5km away at Ponta Da Piedade near
R O
Lagos.
A IC
A BL
ID U
IB P
O IO
PR ER
T
IS
IN
M
Mark Hanison Page 3
AO
the rocks in natural voids.
ÃO IM
Ç T
U R
Figure 3.The cliíf edge at the base of the beach is at
D O
an angle that inhibits soil removal. The shale re fills
O P any hole dug and is unsuitable to achieve a burial.
R E
EP D
R O
A IC
A BL
ID U
Figure 4.At the base of the cliff are wave cuts where
IB P
successful burial.
T
IS
IN
M
- . - --
Figure 6.The dark sand in this image shows the
intertidal area. Here digging and burial could
possibly be achieved although it would be through a
mixture of grave1 and water. However any burial
would be quickly exposed by wave action and
''W
'' %
L
!-?
!!
ultimately taken into the sea.
Mark Hamson Page 4
On the 2"d May 2007 the waves were of middle energy of a 2m height and a
easterly drift. When data was next collected on the 22"6May 2007 they were
AO
now low energy waves of 0.5m to I m with the same easterly winds.
ÃO IM
Low tide on the night of the 3* May 2007 was at 2200hrs at 2m. The
Ç T
maximum amount of beach would be accessible inciuding the rocky outcrop.
U R
High tide on the 4n May 2007 was at 0415hrs at 3.1m. This would mean that
D O
from 0200hrs onwards half the eastern part of the beach would be submerged
O P
and so access to the rocky outcrop impossible on foot.
R E
EP D
McCann's disappearance, from the beach the optimum time window for full
A IC
access to the whole beach and rocky outcrop was between 2200hrs and
0200hrs. This time window would also be the optimum time for burial in the
A BL
The optimum time to throw a body from the top of the diff into the sea would
O IO
be between 0200hrs and 0400hrs as the sea would be at the ciiffs edge.
Conversely this would not be the optimum time window for a beach burial.
PR ER
T
Marine Life
IS
few hours if the body was not initially buoyant or trapped on the sea bed. If it
M
was buoyant then crustations would be joined by fish and crabs once the
decomposition process had begun.
disposal the overwhelming majority were surface depositions with only one
recorded concealment using rocks on top of a 2 year old child (CATCHEM
Database)
Discussion
Where a homicide occurs and the sea is accessible and nearby then it would
become a natural disposal choice for an offender using the "least effort
principlen.The beach itself would appear to merely be the platform to facilitate
this. When this is considered in relation to the beach at Praia Da Luz there is
a reinforcement of this view due to the severe limiting and inhibiting factors to
achieve a beach burial there. If a burial was achieved there is a significant
likelihood, based on the tidal coverage of the entire beach, that a burial would
AO
be exposed and or taken into the sea. If a body entered the sea it could
remain close to the shore travelling in an eastward direction until it returned to
ÃO IM
shore or became trapped in the sub surface rocks.
Ç T
U R
The optimum time window, on the night of disappearance, to dispose of a
D O
body into the sea from the shore would have been between 2200hrs and
O P
0200hrs. The optimum time to dispose of a body into the sea from the top of
R E
the ciiffs would have been between 0200hrs and 041Shrs.
EP D
R O
Due to the normal high occupancy tourist activity on the beach and in the sea
A IC
that support a scenario of beach burial. Additionally the digability study and
IB P
coastal dynamics of the Praia Da Luz beach further limit this as a viable
O IO
and the waters around the rocky outcrop to the east of the beach.
T
IS
Should the investigatorswish to discuss and develop the issues raised in this
assessment Iwould be happy to do so.
IN
M
Mark Hanison
APPENDIX
AO
ÃO IM
Ç T
U R
D O
O P
R E
EP D
R O
A IC
A BL
ID U
IB P
O IO
PR ER
Figure shows the 708m distance from Murat's house via the "lrish"witness
T
AO
Martin Grime.
U.K.N.P.I.A. Registered Subject Matter Expert.
ÃO IM
F.B.L Forensic Canine Program Specialist Advisor.
Ç T
27 Chureh Road
U R
halcv
D O
Oxford
0 x 1 4 3AT O P
R E
EP D
R O
A IC
OPERATION TASK
A BL
ID U
Personal ~rofile
IB P
O IO
My core role includes the training and operational handling of specialist search dogs
in the fields of Human Victim Recovery and Forensic Crime Scene Investigation.
I have trained and handle two operational specialist search dogs. 'Eddie' is a 7-year-
old English Springer spaniel dog. 'Keela' is a three-year old English Springer spaniel
bitch. I also have a six-month old English Springer spaniel dog, puppy, in training,
'Morse' .
Search Asset Profilq
'Eddie' The Enhanced Victirn Recovery Dog (E.V.RD.) will search for and locate
human rernains and body fluids including blood to very small samples in any
environment or terrain. The initial training of the asset is conducted using pig as the
subject matter for solid hides and human blood for fluid. The use of human remains
for the purpose of training dogs in the U.K. is not acceptable at this point in time. The
dog has however considerable experiente in operational recovery of human remains
and evidential forensic material and has trained exclusively using human remains in
the U.S.A. in association with the F.B.I. The enhanced training of the dog involves the
AO
use of collection of 'Dead body scent' odour fiom corpses using remote technical
equipment which does not contact.
ÃO IM
Ç T
The E.V.R.D. will locate cadaver, whether in the whole or parts thereof; deposited
U R
surfiw or sub-surface to a depth of approximately 3-4 feet shortly &er death to the
D O
advanced stages of deposition and putrefaction through to skeletal. This includes
O P
incinerated remains even if large quantities of accelerant have been involved.
R E
EP D
The dog will locate human cadaver in water either fiom the bank side or when
R O
deployed in a boat where a large area may be covered using a gridding system.
A IC
The dog has also been trained to identifl 'dead body' scent contamination where there
A BL
evidence for court purposes this may well assist intelligence gathering in Major Crime
investigations. This may be completed by the dog being deployed directly to the
O IO
subject area or by scent samples being taken on sterile gauze pads and the scent check
PR ER
The dog will alert to the presence of 'dead body' scent whether it is at source or some
IS
distance away fiom a deposition site. This enables the use of the dog to identifl the
IN
survey of the area will then reduce the size of the search area.
I have developed the training of the E.V.R.D. to include the screening of scent pads
taken fiom motor vehicles, property or scenes by a ST100 Scent Transference Unit.
The unit is designed in a two-part design. The main body is a battery operated
elect.rica1 device that draws air in at to the fiont and exhausts through the rear. There
is no 're-circulation' of air within the unit. The second part is a 'grilled' hood that fits
to the main body. A sterile gauze pad is fitted into the hood. When operated, the
ST100 draws air through the hood and the sterile gauze pad and exhausts through
ports to the rear. 'Scent' is trapped in the gauze, which may then be forensically
stored for use within scent discrimination exercises.
The ST 100 unit is cleaned following use in such a manner that no residual scent is
apparent. This is checked by control measures where the dog is aliowed to search a
given area where the S100 is secreted. Any response by the dog would suggest
contdnation. Tests have shown that the decontamination procedures are effective in
this case with the dog NOT aierting to the device when completed.
Use of the ST100 is recommended when subject vehicles, property, clothing, premises
are to be forensically protected fiom contamination by the dog, and for covert
deployment. At a11 other times best practice would be for the dog to be given direct
access.
AO
Operational use of the STü100 is in a developmental stage.
ÃO IM
Ç T
U R
'Keela' The Crime Scene Investigation (C.S.I.) dog will search for and locate human
D O
blood to such small proportions that it is unlikely to be recovered by the forensic
O P
science procedwes in place at this time due to its size or placement.
R E
EP D
She will locate contaminated weapons, screen motor vehicles and items of clothing
R O
and examine crime scenes for minute human blood deposits. She will accurately
A IC
locate human blood on iterns that have been subjected to 'clean up operations' or
having been subjected to severa1 washing machine cycles.
A BL
ID U
IB P
In order for the dog to locate the source the blood must have 'dried' in situ. Any
'wetting' once dried will not a i
x t the dog's abilities.
T
IS
prior to dryng will soak into the gromd or other absorbent material. This may dilute
M
It is possible however that the EVRD will locate the scent source as it would for 'dead
body' scent. Forensic testing may not produce evidence but any alert may provide
intelligence to support other factors in the investigation of a crime.
The assets may be deployed upon request of an Senior Investigating Oficer (S.I.O.)
following consultation with the appropriate S.M.E.'s and advisors.
The project tearn rnakes decisions on suitability for case deployment. Due to the very
nature of the dog's presence, cross contamination and preservation of vital evidence at
crime scenes must be considered prior to any deployment in consultation with the
senior crime scene coordinator.
Both dogs and I are licensed as two separate working tearns. We are independently
tested and licensed mually, normally at six monthly intervals as a 'rolling'
programme to ensure best practice is maintained. They are tested to units of
assessment prepared as a stand-alone system as these dogs are the only assets of their
type in the world. Training records are maintained and are available if required.
POINTS TO ASSIST
Whilst it is stated that the E.V.RD. is originally trained using pig the following notes
of guidance should be considered when assessing indications:
AO
P In six years operationai deployment in over 200 cases the dog has neva
alerted to meat based foodstuffs.
ÃO IM
> The dog has never alerted to 'road kill'
Ç T
P Alerts given by the dog where no obvious human remains are found are
U R
supported by forensic evidence I anecdotal witness accounts.
D O
> The dog, a scavenger, uses its olfactory system to locate food sources, identifi
O P
its young and other pack members, enemies and predators over large
R E
distantes. It can track its prey identifiing a direction of travel. This entails the
EP D
dog being able to discriminate the time difference between footsteps using the
R O
sense of smell !
> The dog is an animal that's basic firnction in the wild is to scavenge food and
A IC
procreate.
A BL
P Pavlov's theory is used in the case of the E.V.RD. system of alert. He has
IN
been 'conditioned' to give a verbal alert when coming into contact with 'dead
M
body scent'. The presence of tangible material is not required to produce the
response.
> Although the dog is 'trained' using reward based methods the behaviour
shaping and enforcement regime produces an asset that does not false alert
unlike electronic devices.
> Pseudo scent is a chemically produced product that its manufwturers claim to
resemble 'dead body scent'. Although some trainers have had limited success
when tested on my dogs they showed no interest.
> Operational finds backed by forensic corroboration have shown that the
system adopted by me in the training of the dogs is both effective and
efficient.
Acting in my role of advisor to the U.S.Justice Department I have facilitated
assessment of numerous cadaver search dog tearns in the United States. These
dogs are exclusively trained using human cadaver sources. When I introduced
pig based products into Atraining assessments 100?! of the animals alerted to
the medium.
> The result fiom scientific experiment and research to date would tend to
support the theory that the scent of human and pig decomposing material is so
similar that we are unable to 'train' the dog to distinguish between the two.
That is not to say that this may not be possible in the fiiture.
> The odour target of cadaver is scientifically explained through 'volatile
compounds" that in a certain configuration are received by the dog as a
receptor. Recognition then gives a conditioned response 'ALERT'. Despite
considerable research and analytical investigation the compounds cannot be
replicated in laboratory processes. Therefore the 'dert' by dogs without a
tangible source cannot be forensically proven at this time.
> 'Dead body scent' cannot be removed by cleaning. The compounds adhere to
AO
surfáces. The scent can be 'masked' by bleach and other strong smelling
odours but the dog's olfactory systern is able to separate odour and identiq
ÃO IM
specific compounds' and mixes to cellular level. A similar system would be a
Ç T
device similar to an electron rnicroscope.
>
U R
In training the dog has accuately alerted to a 1 cm cube of pork soaked in
D O
petrol for 1 week and then burnt until only a residue remains.
> O P
The dog's olfactory system is so highly developed that it continues to be
R E
efficient at cellular level. :
EP D
forem'calt'y recovered will NOTprovidè afiz1DNA strand dèspite low copy DNA
IB P
Anulysis.
O IO
>
PR ER
> AI1 research and training of the abgs within thisprogram is completed in
IS
in the past and will continue to endorse the abgs wes within thecfield of
M
homicidè investigation.
APPENDIX
ATTRACTAHARRON.
The search of a suspects 'totally burnt out vehicle' by forensic scientists did not reveal
any evidence.
A 'one minute' search by the E.V.R.D. identified a position in the rear passenger foot
AO
well where the dog alerted to the presence of human material.
ÃO IM
A sarnple was taken and when analysed revealed the victims' DNA
Ç T
U R
The enquiry then concentrateci its efforts on the suspect and the E.V.R.D. located the
D O
body of the woman in a river bank deposition site.
O P
Further searches identified a location where the E.V.R.D. alerted in the front bedroom
R E
EP D
When interviewed the suspect admitted that the body had laid in the room for 1 hour
A IC
prior to disposal. Forensic teams were unable to extract and forensic evidence despite
A BL
AMANDA EDWARDS
IB P
O IO
Intelligence suggested that her ex-boy fnend had taken her to his house.
T
IS
A search of nearby waste land identified a mattress. Checks revealed it carne fiom the
M
house.
The suspect, a builder, was in possession of a van. This was searched and the dog
alerted to a 'wacker plate', spirtit level, and shovel.
A site was identifieú where the suspect had been working. The EVRD then located
the body deposition site in an area of a garage base that had been prepared by the
suspect. He had retumed with the dead girl, dug a grave in the centre, placed the body
in the hole, replaced the spoil and then used the shovel, wacker plate and spirit level
to return the ground to its original state.
Charlotte Pinkney was abducted by an ex-boyf5end and has never been seen since.
An initial search by the E.V.RD. revealed a 'classic' secondary deposition site near to
a sighting of the suspect in suspicious circumstances.
The investigative team distrusted the dogs opinion until a fùll forensic search revealed
a small button off of the girls clothing in long grass.
This evidence was put to the suspect who fùlly admitted the offence.
AO
There are many instances such as this.
ÃO IM
Ç T
U R
The most poignant being:
D O
O P
When 'Keela' was nine months old she was tasked to search an open fishing boat,
R E
contaminated by rotting fish flesh and BLOOD.
EP D
R O
The dog located and alerted to a blood sarnple that was so srnall that when LOW
A BL
There are only two scenarios to suit this find. The blood was either human or a gorilla
went out in a boat fishing !!
O IO
PR ER
T
Should you require fùrther examples or cornments please do not hesitate to contact
IS
me.
IN
M