Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Study Guide
Module 1
Be familiar with the components of the water cycle, and be able to generally describe each of
the processes which distributes water between the ground surface, atmosphere, and subsurface
要背
Evaporation: converting liquid water from surface water sources to gaseous water which resides
in the atmosphere
Precipitation: Water moves from the atmosphere to the surface of the planet
Transpiration: water is conveyed from living plant tissues, especially leaves, to the atmosphere
Be able to apply simple mass balance concepts to watersheds and/or lake systems, and convert
between distributed flux units [mm/d] and flow [m3/s]
P – R +- G – E - T = dS/dt
Precipitation: climate change; urban island heat; industrialization; irrigation; cloud seeding
Runoff: dams; agriculture; channelization; urbanization
Groundwater losses: irrigation
Evaporation + Transpiration: deforestation; urbanization
Boundary: sewer; canal; channel conveyance; aqueducts
Be able to apply the residual and component methods for water balance estimation; know the
difference between net basin supply and net total supply in the Great Lakes
NBS: net amount of natural water added to or removed from a lake with the confines of its
natural drainage basin = (P + R – E) * t
NTS: Net amount of inflow to lake from upstream and watershed = (P + R – E + I – O +- D) t
CivE382Study Guide
Module 2
Be able to calculate probabilities of exceedance, non-exceedance and failure for different storm
return periods, be able to apply the binomial distribution to determine risk of a given design
看例题
Be able to use moments of distributions (mean and standard deviations) to calculate T-year
design conditions for normal, log-normal, and log-Pearson type II distributions
Be able to use plotting position to determine return periods from datasets of ranked peak
annual flow (i.e., apply the Weibull formula)
Be familiar with the three design storms used in Ontario and how to interpret an IDF curve
Module 3 & 4
Be able to describe the various forms of surface runoff mechanisms, and distinguish their
contribution to a stream hydrograph
Understand the assumptions used in the derivation of the NRCS curve number method, the
influence of curve number on the distribution of precipitation into soil water/abstraction/direct
runoff
背公式
**Given a design storm, be able to calculate the corresponding direct runoff hydrograph (using
NRCS or Horton).
看例题
Know the difference between rainfall intensity, infiltration rate, potential infiltration capacity,
and cumulative infiltration volume
Rainfall intensity:
Infiltration rate: speed at which water can be taken into the soil during an rainfall, snowmelt or
irrigation event
Potential infiltration capacity: maximum rate at which water can be passed through surface of
the soil
Cumulative infiltration volume: total accumulated infiltration volume
Be able to describe the phenomenon of infiltration into homogeneous soil and explain the
reason behind the characteristic shape of the infiltration curve 𝑓(𝑡)
Module 5
Be able to describe the various characteristics of a hydrograph, and know the important time
characteristics (𝑡𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 , 𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑔 , 𝑡𝑐 , 𝑡𝑟 , 𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ) and their definitions
Be able to interpret travel time isochrone maps and understand the influence of various
watershed parameters on time of concentration and time to peak; understand the impact of
urbanization on streamflow hydrographs
Understand the source of the linear reservoir baseflow model, and the various means of
separating baseflow from a given hydrograph
CivE382Study Guide
Formula Sheet
1
𝑃(𝑄 > 𝑄𝑇 ) =
𝑇 You will be given a table of 𝑧𝑇 =
𝑛 (𝑄
1 𝑛 𝐹 −1 (𝑝) for the normal distribution, and
𝑃 )
< 𝑄𝑇 = (1 − )
𝑇 be expected to estimate flows using
1 𝑛 𝑄𝑝 = 𝜇𝑄 + 𝐾(𝑞𝑧 , 𝑧𝑇 ) ⋅ 𝜎𝑄
𝑃𝐹 (𝑛) = 1 − (1 − )
𝑇 ln 𝑄𝑝 = 𝜇ln 𝑄 + 𝐾(𝑞𝑧 , 𝑧𝑇 ) ⋅ 𝜎ln 𝑄
𝑁!
𝑃(𝑛) = 𝑝𝑛 (1 − 𝑝)𝑁−𝑛
𝑛! (𝑁 − 𝑛)!
1 𝜎𝑄2
𝜇ln 𝑄 = ln(𝜇𝑄 ) − ln [1 + 2 ]
2 𝜇𝑄
2
2
𝜎𝑄
𝜎ln 𝑄 = ln [1 + 2 ]
𝜇𝑄
(𝑃 − 𝐼𝑎 )2
𝑄= (𝑃, 𝐼𝑎 , 𝑆 in mm)
𝑃 − 𝐼𝑎 + 𝑆
25400
𝑆= − 254 (𝑆 in mm)
𝐶𝑁
𝐼𝑎 = 0.2𝑆 𝑜𝑟 0.075𝑆 (for SCS method)
Things to memorize:
𝑑𝑆
=𝐼−𝑂
𝑑𝑡
(if you haven’t learned this by the end
of class, you fail)
𝑁𝐵𝑆𝑐 = 𝑃 + 𝑅 − 𝐸
𝑁𝐵𝑆𝑟 = Δ𝑆 − 𝐼 + 𝑂 − 𝐷
CivE382Study Guide