FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL OF AC MOTOR

MID-SEMESTER PROJECT REPORT

By
Ayush Kumar Ranjan (20152006)
Kesri Nath Tiwari (20152029)
Rushil Agarwal ( 20152086)
Ankit Dehariya (20152025)

Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Paulson Samuel

Department of Electrical Engineering

Motilal National Institute of Technology
Allahabad
2018-2019
 ABSTRACT

This Report applies the Pulse Width Modulation to Field Oriented Control of an induction
machine.
To control the rotor speed of the induction machine, a PI controller is employed. To justify the
correctness of the system and its feasibility, the simulation method is selected. The model of the
system is implemented in MATLAB Simulink software, which is suitable for testing the dynamic
simulation of a system. By this simulation, the various working conditions of an induction machine
are studied.
There is need of improving the PI controllers in order to achieve required output when the speed
changes.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT 2
CONTENTS 3

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................4
2. LITERATURE SURVEY….……………..……………………………….4
3. METHODOLOGY……………………………….......................................4
4. MATLAB SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULTS………………....…7
5. REFERENCES.............................................................................................9

pg. 3
INTRODUCTION
It is well known that the advantages of induction motors over traditional dc motors include simpler and cheaper
mechanical structure and easy maintenance. The complicated control issues associated with the adjustable speed
drives applications of induction motor drives are solved by recent developments in the theory of field-oriented
control, or vector control.
In high performance applications it is necessary that torque of induction motor exhibits a fast response. The torque
model of Induction Motors based on the rotor flux linkage components and the stator current components in
arbitrary reference frame. If the stator current space vector i s changed or its component isd or isq are changed, then
both the flux in the motor and the torque developed by the motor are affected. Thus in conventional control
strategies, there is no way to independently control the flux in the machine and the torque produced by the
machine. To improve the torque dynamics, the load-torque producing and flux producing components of the stator
current space vector (i.e. isd and isq) must be decoupled. The decoupling of the load-torque producing and flux
producing components of the stator current space vector to achieve high dynamic performance in torque is
performed by a method called as FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL.

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Field Oriented Control of Induction Machine in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle:

Saeid Kohan Sal Lotf Abad and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hew Wooi Ping of Khavaran Higher-Education
Institute, Mashhad, Iran have applied the Pulse Width Modulation to Field Oriented Control of an
induction machine in parallel Hybrid Electrical Vehicle to enhance the performance and the stability of
the system and studied its result using MATLAB SIMULINK
2. Sandeep Goyat and Rajesh Kr. Ahuja have used AC induction motors of different power ratings and
sizes in applications ranging from consumer to automotive goods like motor installed in a washing
machine and studied its result using MATLAB SIMULINK
3. José Andrés Santisteban, Member, IEEE, and Richard M. Stephan, Member, IEEE have published a
paper consisting different vector control methods and their drawbacks and advantages.

METHODOLOGY
BASIC SCHEME

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Motor phase currents are measured. These measurements feed the Clarke transformation module. The outputs of
this projection are designated iSa and iSb. These two components of the current are the inputs of the Park
transformation that gives the current in the d,q rotating reference frame. The iSd and iSq components are compared
to the references iSdref (the flux reference) and iSqref (the torque reference). At this point, this control structure
shows an interesting advantage: it can be used to control either synchronous or induction machines by simply
changing the flux reference and obtaining rotor flux position. As in synchronous permanent magnet motors, the
rotor flux is fixed (determined by the magnets) there is no need to create one. Hence, when controlling a PMSM,
iSdref should be set to zero. As induction motors need a rotor flux creation in order to operate, the flux reference
must not be zero. This conveniently solves one of the major drawbacks of the “classic” control structures: the
portability from asynchronous to synchronous drives. The torque command iSqref could be the output of the speed
regulator when we use a speed FOC. The outputs of the current regulators are vSdref and vSqref; they are applied
to the inverse Park transformation. The outputs of this projection are vSaref and vSbref which are the components
of the stator vector voltage in the a,b stationary orthogonal reference frame. These are the inputs of the Space
Vector PWM. The outputs of this block are the signals that drive the inverter.

Knowledge of the rotor flux position is the core of the FOC

In fact if there is an error in this variable the rotor flux is not aligned with d-axis and iSd and iSq are incorrect flux
and torque components of the stator current. The following diagram shows the (a,b,c), (a,b) and (d,q) reference
frames, and the correct position of the rotor flux, the stator current and stator voltage space vector that rotates with
d,q reference at synchronous speed.

In the induction machine the rotor speed is not equal to the rotor flux speed (there is a slip speed), then it needs a
particular method to calculate q. The basic method is the use of the current model [1][2][3] which needs two
equations of the motor model in d,q reference frame.

TRANSFORMATIONS USED
Clarke transformation
The space vector can be reported in another reference frame with only two orthogonal axis called (a,b). Assuming
that the axis a and the axis a are in the same direction we have the following vector diagram:

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The projection that modifies the three-phase system into the (a,b) two dimension orthogonal system is presented
below:

isα=ia
isβ= (ia+2ib)/ √3

Park transformation
This is the most important transformation in the FOC. In fact, this projection modifies a two phase orthogonal
system (a,b) in the d,q rotating reference frame. If we consider the d axis aligned with the rotor flux, the next
diagram shows, for the current vector, the relationship from the two reference frame:

where q is the rotor flux position. The flux and torque components of the current vector are determined by the
following equations:

isd= isαcos(θ) + isβsin(θ)

isq= -isαsin(θ) + isβαcos(θ)

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MATLAB SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULTS

MOTOR SPECIFICATION

P= 7000 W
V= 400 V
F=50 Hz
Rs= 0.6837 Ω
Ls= 0.004152 H
Rr= 0.451 Ω
Lr= 0.004152 H
Lm= 0.1486 H
J= 0.05 Kgm2
Poles= 2

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For Initial Speed = 100 rad/s and Final Speed = 150 rad/s

For Initial Speed = 100 rad/s and Final Speed = -100 rad/s

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REFERENCES
1. Hafeezul Haq et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5,
Issue 3, ( Part -1) March 2015, pp.154-158
2. Marcin Żelechowski, M. Sc. , Ph.D. Thesis, Space Vector Modulated – Direct Torque Controlled (DTC
– SVM) Inverter – Fed Induction Motor Drive, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, 2005
3. Field Orientated Control of 3-Phase AC-Motors, Literature Number: BPRA073, Texas Instruments
Europe, February 1998
4. S.Naveen, N.Prema Kumar, Modelling Of Induction Motor And Its Performance With Pi,Pid(Nz
Method),Pi(Zp) , Fuzzy And Generalised Predictive Control, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Volume: 03 Issue: 06,
June-2016
5. José Andrés Santisteban, Member, IEEE, and Richard M. Stephan, Member, IEEE, Vector Control
Methods for Induction Machines: An Overview, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, VOL. 44,
NO. 2, MAY 2001
6. Sandeep Goyat, Rajesh Kr. Ahuja, SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR USING VECTOR
OR FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL, ISSN: 2231-1963, International Journal of Advances in
Engineering & Technology, July 2012

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