6/8/2016

Top secret
Secret
Internal use only
Public

VRV Heat Recovery Systems

Application and Sales Guide

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Heat Recovery Basics

In this chapter we will learn about:
• What is heat recovery
• How it works in VRF systems
• When and how it should be used
• What benefits can we have

4 Heat Recovery Basics

BASICS – WHAT IS HEAT RECOVERY?

For refrigeration machines using vapor compression cycle: heat recovery is the ability to
use heat rejected from the condenser.
Standard refrigeration cycle (on R410a pressure-enthalpy diagram)

Condensation of high pressure gaseous refrigerant.

• Rejection of heat from refrigerant (to atmosphere, water, etc.)
Why throw away
this heat?
We can use it to heat
something else that
needs heating.
This is what heat
recovery is about.

Expansion. Evaporation of liquid refrigerant

• Pressure
This creates cooling capacity
reduction.
Compression of gaseous refrigerant.
• Production of work
• Consumption of energy
• Heat is put into refrigerant
5 Heat Recovery Basics

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BASICS – WHAT IS HEAT RECOVERY

How this works for VRV (VRF) systems?

All heat rejected to the air

This is the
Normal air cooled VRV system - cooling evaporator

This is the
condenser

Heat absorbed from cooled zones

Some heat rejected to the air
This is the
Heat recovery VRV system – mixed mode
evaporator
(cooling > heating)
This is the
condenser

Heat absorbed from

Some heat rejected cooled zones
to heated zones
6 Heat Recovery Basics

BASICS – WHAT IS HEAT RECOVERY

How this works for VRV (VRF) systems?
Some heat is absorbed from the air
This is the
Heat recovery VRV system – mixed mode
evaporator
(cooling < heating)
This is the
condenser

Heat absorbed from

All heat rejected to cooled zones
heated zones
No heat is absorbed from
or rejected to the air Heat recovery VRV system – mixed mode
This is the
evaporator
(cooling = heating)
This is the
condenser

Heat absorbed from

Heat rejected to cooled zones
7 Heat Recovery Basics heated zones

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BASICS – HOW THIS CAN BE USED?

The ability to transfer heat between different zones can be very useful:
• … when cooling technical rooms (servers, UPS, …) in the autumn, winter and spring
• … when the south façade is being heated by the sun, but in the shade it’s still cold
• … when a room is occupied by so many persons, that cooling is required even though in
the neighboring room you’re heating
• … you can use the system for cooling during summer and at the same time prepare
sanitary hot water
• … during mid-season in the hotels, where some guests are cold, some are hot

8 Heat Recovery Basics

BASICS – DO I NEED THIS?

I will use only 1 mode YES No point spending

on my VRF
money on Heat
(cooling/heating) OR
Recovery. You won’t get
climate does not allow
any benefits.
to use heating

NO You know that Heat Recovery

System can provide cooling and
You may consider using heat heating capacity at the same
recovery VRF. There may be time. How would you use it?
some benefits.

Comfort and other purposes:

• Hot water production
Only for purposes of comfort (other needs are • Technical cooling
covered by other equipment and I have no • Ventilation
possibility/will to change it), I think that increased • Etc.
comfort will increase the number of guests, etc.):
• Hotel – guests can choose the mode freely
• Office and residential – tenants can choose the
mode freely Most likely you will benefit
from using Heat Recovery VRF.
Examples will follow.

Carefully estimate if potential income increase will

compensate investment cost difference. It may turn
out that you don’t need Heat Recovery VRF.

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APPLICATION EXAMPLE - EUROPEAN CLIMATE ZONES

There are Helsinki

basically 3
climate zones in
Europe.
They are used for
seasonal
performance
estimation. We will consider
the same
example for all 3
climate zones.

Strasbourg

Athens

APPLICATION EXAMPLE

A hotel is offering great opportunities for heat recovery

Requirements:
• Cooling for restaurants, kitchens, gyms
• Cooling or heating for guest rooms
• Sanitary hot water
• Air curtains
• Fresh air supply

Heat recovery analysis (4th February, Athens)

Heat recovery analysis :

• Done for the period 7.00-18.00 for
middle floor of the hotel
• Virtual Environment software –
accredited for BREEAM, LEED and
other building regulations
• Show varying cooling/heating loads,
so heat recovery potential can be
estimated.
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APPLICATION EXAMPLE
Cooling and Heating load during the week
This is the cooling load This is the heating load
(we must reject this (we must input this
amount of heat from the amount of heat to the
building) building)

Difference of 70 kW
Difference of 150 kW

In this case we have to reject

150 kW more heat than to input In this case we have to input 70 kW more
into the building, i.e. we have heat than to reject from the building, i.e.
150 kW of extra free heating we have 70 kW of extra free cooling
capacity. capacity.

12 Heat Recovery Basics

APPLICATION EXAMPLE
How this extra capacity can be used?
Example: Daikin VRV IV Heat recovery system:
• Extra heat, produced during peak cooling load can be stored for
further domestic hot water production in water storage tank.

These are VRV system

indoor units, working
in cooling (or heating)
Ind 5 Ind 6 Ind 7 Ind 8
mode and thus
FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A providing heat
rejection from (or
input to) the rooms

This is the Ind 1 Ind 2 Ind 3 Ind 4 Domestic hot water

FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A
hydrobox – the at building’s disposal
unit which heats
the water, using This is the storage
the excessive tank where extra heat
heat rejected HXHD125A is stored as a hot
from rooms by water. This heat can
indoor units. then be used during
peak hours.
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APPLICATION EXAMPLE
What if heat recovery possibilities are not used (in similar purpose system)?
Example: Daikin VRV IV Heat Pump system and gas boiler – traditional solution
• Heating or cooling of building zones is provided by indoor units
• Domestic hot water and additional heating of building zones (if necessary ) is
provided by the gas boiler)

These are VRV system

Ind 5
FXDQ25A
Ind 6
FXDQ25A
Ind 7
FXDQ25A
Ind 8
FXDQ25A
indoor units, working
in cooling mode and
thus providing heat
rejection from the
Ind 1 Ind 2 Ind 3 Ind 4
FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A rooms. The heat is
then thrown away by
outdoor units

Domestic hot water

at building’s disposal

14 Heat Recovery Basics

APPLICATION EXAMPLE
Results of efficiency comparison

This is not rated data, but Helsinki

simulation using ASHRAE System Efficiencies
temperature profiles for Heat Pump VRV 5.7
each region. Gas 0.9
Data were taken every 10 Heat Recovery VRV with 6.2
DHW
minutes.

System Efficiencies
System Efficiencies
Heat Pump VRV 6.0
Heat Pump VRV 5.8
Strasbourg Gas 0.9
Gas 0.9
Heat Recovery VRV with 6.9
DHW Heat Recovery VRV with 7.6
DHW

Athens

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APPLICATION EXAMPLE
Results of the efficiency comparison – what is the real benefit?

Running costs based Helsinki

on electricity and gas 35% System Running Costs
cost in each region. Heat Pump VRV & Gas EUR
90,266.73
Heat Recovery VRV with EUR
DHW 58,522.82

By utilizing the heat

recovery ability properly
we can save up to 40%
40% on running costs.
System Running Costs
Heat Pump VRV & Gas EUR
91,799.51
34%
Strasbourg System Running Costs
Heat Recovery VRV with EUR
DHW 54,603.98 Heat Pump VRV & Gas EUR
100,548.13
Heat Recovery VRV with EUR
DHWAthens 56,539.24

16 Heat Recovery Basics

APPLICATION EXAMPLE
Return of investments and lifecycle cost
Payback in 3.8 years
►
(example for Strasburg)
Heat Recovery system is more Lifetime saving € 418,000
►

sophisticated and more expensive than Tonnes CO2 saved 2,232,788

►
the traditional one…

… but wise use of heat

recovery makes ROI time
quite acceptable and savings
through lifecycle quite
Payback in 3,8 years significant.

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SOME OTHER WAYS TO USE HEAT RECOVERY FUNCTION

For air processing in Air Handling Units
What’s the idea?

Ind 5 Ind 6 Ind 7 Ind 8

FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A

This is the DX heat

exchanger in the supply
section, it is used to
cool/heat incoming air
Ind 1 Ind 2 Ind 3 Ind 4
FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A FXDQ25A

Supply

Return

Altogether this makes a kind of recuperator, which you This is the DX heat exchanger
often see in AHUs. But in this case heat is transferred not in the return section, it is used
only between supply and return air within AHU itself, but to capture the heat extracted
within the whole system, i.e. can be used in those points from the room
where it is mostly needed.
18 Heat Recovery Basics

Heat Recovery VRF

02. concepts
In this chapter we will learn about:
• How heat recovery concept is physically realized in VRF
systems
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of different
concepts

20 HR VRF Concepts

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3 PIPE CONCEPT
Most Heat Recovery VRF systems on market (including Daikin VRV) use 3-pipe technology.

Indoor unit in cooling mode This is the Branch Selector / Flow

Selector / Branch Controller.
This is the Outdoor unit. Alternates refrigerant piping
Can be with air cooled or water cooled connection based on the requested
condenser. operation mode of the indoor unit
(In some cases does not involve the
liquid pipe at all)
This is the Liquid pipe.
Liquid refrigerant at high pressure and
moderate temperature (~20°C); Indoor unit in heating mode
Depending on cooling / heating ratio,
the refrigerant either flows from or to
the outdoor unit

This is the Suction pipe.

Gas refrigerant at low pressure and low
temperature (~10°C);
Always flows towards the outdoor unit

This is the Discharge pipe

Gas refrigerant at high pressure and
high temperature (~75°C); Always flows
from the outdoor unit

21 HR VRF Concepts

2-PIPE CONCEPT
2-pipe concept is offered by M company and is heavily promoted as something unique.

This is the Outdoor unit. Indoor unit in cooling mode

Can be with air cooled or water cooled
condenser.
Indoor unit in heating mode

This is the Suction pipe.

Gas refrigerant at low pressure and low
temperature (~10°C);
Always flows towards the outdoor unit

This is the Mixture pipe.

Refrigerant liquid-gas mixture at high
pressure and condensation
temperature (~55°C). The ratio of liquid
to gas depends on the ratio of cooling
to heating units. Liquid / Gas separator

This is the Central Branch Controller.

Separates refrigerant liquid-gas mixture and
sends gas to units which are heating and
liquid to units which are cooling. If not
enough units are cooling, expands liquid
Usually promoted as benefits (compared with 3-pipe systems)
and sends it to outdoor unit • Less copper piping -> less installation costs;
• Less connections -> less brazing -> less labor ->less
installation costs, less installation time.
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3-PIPE VS 2-PIPE SYSTEMS

Efficiency can be less in case of 2-pipe systems 2 – Pipe system (All cooling)
High pressure pipe: Supply high pressure liquid refrigerant to IDU
Low pressure Distributor Manifold Indoor Units
Low pressure pipe: Return Low pressure gas refrigerant to ODU gas

Gas pipe section（20HP) φ28.6

(28.6/2)×(28.6/2)×3.14 ＝ 642mm2
Expansion valve

Gas pipe section ratio (3-pipe/2-pipe): Gas/Liquid Separator

1,029/642 = 1.6, this results in: High pressure High Pressure

Outdoor Unit Liquid Liquid
P

Refrigerant velocity ratio: 642/1,029 = 0,63 (refrigerant

speed 30% higher) P

• Better oil return –> longer lifecycle -> lower lifecycle

cost
Friction ratio: = (642/1,029)2=0,40 (
• Less friction losses -> higher efficiency, less capacity 3 – Pipe system（All cooling）
loss High Pressure Liquid
Outdoor Unit

Liquid pipe: Supply high pressure liquid refrigerant to IDU

Suction gas pipe: Return low pressure gas refrigerant to ODU Expansion valve
High/Low pressure gas pipe: Return low pressure gas
refrigerant to ODU.
Low pressure

Gas pipe section（20HP) gas

（2 pipes）
(28.6/2)×(28.6/2)×3.14 ＝ 642mm2 φ28.6
(22.2/2)×(22.2/2)×3.14 ＝ 387mm2 φ22.2 BS Unit Indoor Unit

Total 1,029mm2
23 HR VRF Concepts

3-PIPE VS 2-PIPE SYSTEMS

2-pipe systems show bigger capacity reduction because of bigger friction losses
10HP model 16HP model
Capacity reduction（％）
Capacity reduction（％）

100 DK 100 41.40kw DK

24.64kw M M

90 @100m DK is 90 @100m DK is
~4% better ~5% better
80 80
23.52kw 39.15kw
(▲2.25kw)
(▲1.12kw)
70 70

50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250

Equivalent length（m） Equivalent length（m）
20HP model
Capacity reduction（％）

100 DK If we go from theory to practice:

49.28kw M • 2-pipe systems lose 3-5% more capacity at 100
90 @100m DK is m of piping than 3-pipe systems
~3% better • This means that you can sometimes go 1 size
80 down for the outdoor units, especially for big
47.60kw systems with long piping. Always check piping
(▲1.68kw)
70
lengths when you get 2-pipe system
50 100 150 200 250 specification!
Equivalent length（m）
24 Title - Internal use only

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3-PIPE VS 2-PIPE SYSTEMS

Refrigerant quantity Refrigerant volume
2-pipe System
20HP Initial amount O/U 19.0 kg
High pressure gas and liquid pipe section x length Additional amount 27.1 kg
defines additional volume of refrigerant
TOTAL 46.1 kg
Gas/Liquid separator
Must be filled with
refrigerant
2-pipe systems use up to 50%
High pressure gas pipe: φ22.2
more refrigerant:
Must be filled with refrigerant
• This increases the installation costs
• For some buildings (with many
I/U I/U I/U I/U I/U small rooms inside, e.g. hotels) this
can be an issue:
440 g R410A / m3 of the room is the
3-pipe System maximum allowable concentration
(EN378-1). This can make 2-pipe
Liquid pipe section x length system inapplicable in some cases.
20HP defines additional volume of refrigerant

Refrigerant volume
Liquid pipe φ15.9
Multi BS Initial amount O/U 11.8 kg
Additional amount 19.2 kg

TOTAL
31.0 kg
I/U I/U I/U I/U I/U (50% less)
25 HR VRF Concepts

3-PIPE VS 2-PIPE SYSTEMS

2-pipe system is said to proved lower installation costs
Single port BS-boxes solution (flexible layout)

2Pipes 3Pipes Connection

Connection
points O/U points
O/U
20 58

Distributor Manifold

BS Unit

Indoor units
Indoor units

Multi port BS-boxes solution (cheaper)

• 2-pipe solution is said to provide lower installation
costs due to less number of connections (less 3Pipes
Connection
brazing -> less labor), this is indeed so:
points
• single port BS-units: at least 2 times more Outdoor unit
22
connections (the bigger the system, the bigger
the difference); Multi BS unit
• Multi port BS-units: at least 10% more
connections (also the bigger the system, the
bigger the difference) Indoor units
• But each case must be carefully estimated:
• 2-pipe systems use bigger (more expensive)
pipes; This together can compensate lower labor
• 2-pipe systems use much more refrigerant costs!
26 HR VRF Concepts

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Daikin Heat Recovery VRV

03. (VRV IV HR) - basics
In this chapter we will learn about:
• What VRV IV HR line-up consists of
• What differs VRV IV HR from the competition
• What benefits it may bring
• What possibilities does it have

28 VRV IV HR Basics

OUTDOOR UNITS RANGE

REYQ_T
REMQ5T
HP 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Casing

Cooling – Nom. capacity 22,4 28,0 33,5 40,0 45,0 50,0 56,0 14,0
Heating – Nom. capacity 22,4 28,0 33,5 40,0 45,0 50,0 56,0 14,0
Heating – Max. capacity 25,0 31,5 37,5 45,0 50,0 56,0 63,0 16,0
Compressors 1 2 1
Fan 1 2 1
Dimensions (W x D x H) 930 x 765 x 1685 1240 x 765 x 1685 930 x 765 x 1685

These units can be combined freely (unlike VRV III HR). If not This unit is only
tabulated combinations are used, different piping limitations used for 10 HP
apply. (5+5 HP) and 13
HP (5+8 HP)
These combinations are needed if we want continuous heating for 10, 12 and 14 HP. combinations.

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INDOOR UNITS RANGE

Standard VRV units - these are actually the same as for standard Heat Pump System
Type Description Name 15 20 25 32 40 50 63 71 80 100 125 140 200 250

Roundflow cassette FXFQ-A

Fully Flat cassette FXZQ-A

Cassette

2-way blow cassette FXCQ-A

Corner cassette FXKQ-MA

Ducted low ESP FXDQ-M9

Ceiling Concealed (ducted)

Ducted low ESP FXDQ-A

Concealed ceiling medium ESP FXSQ-A

Ducted large ESP FXMQ-P7

Ducted large ESP FXMQ-MA

suspended

Ceiling suspended FXHQ-A

Ceiling

Ceiling suspended cassette FXUQ-A

Wall

Wall mounted FXAQ-P

standing

Floor standing FXLQ-P

Floor

Concealed floor standing FXNQ-A

30 VRV IV HR Basics

SPECIAL TYPE INDOOR UNITS Hydroboxes are the important component for Heat
Recovery VRV – they are the easiest way to use
1. Hydroboxes excessive heat.

Type Description Name 80 125

Can heat water up to 800C (mainly domestic hot water)
Hydrobox

High Temperature HXHD-A

Low Temperature HXY-A Can heat water up to 450C (underfloor heating, domestic
hot water, convectors). Can also cool water down to 100C
(to be used in AHUs, FCUs)
2. Biddle air curtains

Type Product Name Comments

Much more effective than electric
Free hanging CYV-S/M/L-DK-F For easy wall mounted
installation (no false ceiling) curtains (payback time 1.5 years).
Cassette CYV-S/M/L-DK-C Installed into false ceiling (only
Each type is available in 3 sizes
decoration panel visilbe) (small, medium, large) for different
Recessed CYV-S/M/L-DK-R Installed inside false ceiling door sizes
space

3. Fresh Air solutions Air flow, m3/h

Product 200 400 600 800 1000 2000

Type Description
Name
Provide fresh air supply and
Ventilation units

VAM-
Heat Recovery

HRV unit treatment (VKM). Allow additional

FA/FB
heat recovery air side.
HRV unit with
VKM-GB
air processing
(M)
ability

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SPECIAL TYPE INDOOR UNITS

3. Fresh air solutions (continued – Daikin AHU) Professional
Up to 144,000m3/h
140
Energy
120
Up to 100,000m3/h
100

90

80

70

60

50
Modular
40
Up to 25,000m3/h
20
500m3/h 750m3/h 750m3/h
0
For coil capacity, approx. (kW x 10)
The following is also required: Product
Type 63 80 100 125 140 200 250 400 500
3a. Expansion valve set(s) name
3b. Control box(es) EEV set EKEXV

Type Product Name Description

Control box to exchange EKEQMCB Allows connection of Using these elements you can also connect
commands between EV AHU and VRV indoor
kit and OU units to outdoor unit
3rd Party AHUs

32 VRV IV HR Basics

WHAT MAKES DAIKIN VRV IV HR SPECIAL? Lots of features. Not

sure how to use them.
Features can be divided into categories:

General Features Key Technologies VRV IV HR

of VRV IV of VRV IV Specific Features
• Variable • Compressor • Mixed Mode
Refrigerant • Heat Exchanger Efficiency
Temperature • Fan Motor • BS Boxes Range
• Continuous • PCB Cooling • Technical
Comfort Cooling
• Predictive
• Configurator inverter control • Total Solution

These can be used during initial These can be used in project These can be used to make
discussions with the customer, design to lock the competition comparisons and
to differentiate Daikin VRV IV specification, so no other VRF to influence the customer
from competitors… can be specified… final decision…

All VRV IV features and technologies

are also available in VRV IV HR!

33 VRV IV HR Basics

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KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – NEW COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY

New compressor manufacturing technology
New scroll blades are 50% thinner & 20% higher, which increases compression volume by 50% if the
same diameter is kept.
New scroll blades material is manufactured by
thixocasting (pressurized casting of iron based alloy
in semi-molten state)
50% thinner
An ideal crystalic structure is created. It offers high strength
with smooth sliding characteristics.
2.4 times Gray cast iron New material
stronger !

50% more
compression volume Mixture of needle graphite and pearlite. Mixture of Granular graphite and
20% higher Smooth sliding, but weak. pearlite. Smooth sliding with
high strength.

Sounds very cool, but

Around 2 % Efficiency improvement what it really gives
in all speed areas me?

34 VRV IV HR Basics

KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – NEW COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY

New compressor manufacturing technology
Scroll blades occupy less space
50% thinner inside the compressor and at the
same time can be made higher
20% higher

50% more
compression Compression volume increases
volume

2.4 times If we stay with the same

stronger ! compression volume as before,
we can make compressor smaller

More Less More

compact obstacle space
unit to air flow, inside the
New compressor has 10% better air unit,
circulation better
smaller diameter and 2% higher through service-
Smaller
efficiency than before. These footprint condenser ability
figure may seem small but they
contribute to important overall
unit parameters, such as Better Longer
efficiency lifecycle
efficiency, reliability, footprint.

35 VRV IV HR Basics

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KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – HEAT EXCHANGER

This is the copper
New heat exchanger production technology pipe (φ 7 mm).
Less internal
This is the copper volume. Less
Rounded 4 side 3 rows HE with smaller pipe (φ 8 mm) refrigerant.
tube diameter and smaller fin pitch

These are the fins

• 50% bigger heat exchange surface
These are the
with the same heat exchanger 2 mm fin pitch spaces where air 1,4 mm fin pitch.
volume -> higher efficiency; passes (equal in More fins at the
both cases) same length.
• Unique bending technology
allowing to obtain 3-row 4-sided
heat exchanger (condenser). Sounds very cool again, but what it
really gives me?

36 VRV IV HR Basics

KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – HEAT EXCHANGER

New heat exchanger production technology

3-row heat exchanger provides

less pressure drop -> less
compressor work, higher
overall efficiency!
Less pressure drop!

Why big heat exchanger (condenser)

is good for me?

Because the bigger heat exchanger is, the more intense

is the heat transfer-> you need less air, hence
less fans energy consumption, higher
overall efficiency!

37 VRV IV HR Basics

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KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – FAN MOTOR

Fan motors with external rotor (ODM motors) Advantages of ODM

Conventional motor, Me ODM

(“inner” type) (“outer” type) • Creates more torque
Rotor with the same current ->
can create the same
F torque with less current.
F • Less current means less
power consumption.

• Rotates smoothly at low speeds due to larger magnets surface -> has wider
operation range, thus provides more stable refrigerant pressure.
Motor efficiency comparison ：350Ｗ class Motor efficiency comparison ：750Ｗ class

ODM motor
Motor efficiency

Motor efficiency
Around 3％ Conventional

Around 1％

400 700 1000 （r/min） 400 700 1000 （r/min）

38 VRV IV HR Basics

KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – REFRIGERANT COOLED PCB

Refrigerant cooling of inverter module
Bel mouth
What is the benefit?

Heat exchange process is much more intense

(1.7 times) than in usual case of air cooled
radiator

This allows to make the radiator itself much

smaller and drastically reduce the size of
electric box

Less air flow resistance, hence lower fan motor

Electric box reduced in size and consumption. Flow through heat exchanger is
put into fan space, occupied by
more uniform and more its surface is utilized.
bel mouths anyway.

Refrigerant passes through the

special coil, which cools down the
Heat exchanger efficiency further
inverter module increases (5% up)

39 VRV IV HR Basics

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KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – REFRIGERANT COOLED PCB

Refrigerant cooling of inverter module
What is the usual way of PCB
cooling?

Inverter module is cooled Air cooled radiators must be sufficiently big to

by aluminum radiators, provide necessary cooling
which in turn are cooled
by the air flow created by
heat exchanger fan.
Bigger airflow resistance, hence increased fan
motor consumption. Bigger electrical box size,
hence it is difficult to find the place, where it is
not an obstacle to the airflow.

This is also quite weather

dependent!

Temperature around IPM

Air flow
More stable IPM
temperature. Better
reliability.
Conventional

DK

40 VRV IV HR Basics time

KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF VRV IV – PREDICTIVE INVERTER CONTROL

Predictive compressor speed control to reach desired conditions faster and avoid
excessive compressor operation
General VRF
Daikin VRV IV
Waste compressor operation
Target temperature
Target temperature

t t 2t
Time Time
This is predictive PI logic (based on result This is normal PI logic (based on
measurement and corresponding input result measurement and
correction, but also using trends to get corresponding input correction)
necessary result faster)

Unit estimates indoor and outdoor conditions and their

changes in time, then selects corresponding optimal
operation pattern stored in its memory Daikin, having 30+
year experience with
VRV is able to work
Necessary Te is reached approx. 2 times faster than in out trends for
case of usual PI logic, then the unit is ready to provide predictive PI logic!
necessary capacity.
41 VRV IV HR Basics

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VRV IV SPECIFIC FEATURES – INCREASED MIXED MODE EFFICIENCY

Mixed mode efficiency increased What stands behind that?

Load Improved by up
to 15% mix mode
control

Tamb

1. Heat Recovery Link (HRL) control

Fan Interlocked
operation of all
the
2. Optimized heat exchanger EV Switch HE components
division and mode switching. (compressors,
Will be explained further. EEVs, fans,
Comp. condenser
switching)
42 VRV IV HR Basics

VRV IV SPECIFIC FEATURES – INCREASED MIXED MODE EFFICIENCY

Optimized heat exchanger division and switching

• Less radiation losses due to

VRV III
1/1 division (in fact, 2 separate
identical heat exchangers)
horizontal division of heat
exchanger (because heat
exchanger is now single entity)
• More optimal parts ratio based
on operational patterns study
VRV IV -> more accurate pressure and
3/7 division, 1 entire capacity control.
heat exchanger

Top section (30% of the surface, 50% of the capacity at

high air flow), can be condenser or evaporator

Middle section (65% of the surface, 50% of the capacity

at low air flow), can be condenser or evaporator

Lower section (5% of the surface), can be liquid

subcooler or bottom plate heater

43 VRV IV HR Basics

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VRV IV SPECIFIC FEATURES – IMPROVED BS-BOXES LINE-UP

Some background Daikin VRV III
Brazing points for indoor installation: 63
Requires also branch pipes and headers.
• Single BS-boxes were promoted by
Daikin in the past, as more flexible Outdoor unit Single BS box Indoor unit

and compact solution. Multi-port BS-

boxes (4 and 6 ports) were also
available, but were too big and heavy.
• Multi-port BS-boxes solution is
cheaper and easier to install, so it’s
preferred in price-driven projects.

Why single BS-boxes are more flexible?

Melco
Outdoor unit Brazing points for indoor installation: 28
Because you have many
possible system layouts in
this case:

Multi BS box
(BC controller)

And many ways to play with the piping, which

44 VRV IV HR Basics helps to cope with limitations.

VRV IV HR SPECIFIC FEATURES - IMPROVED BS-BOXES LINE-UP

For VRV IV HR comprehensive new line-up of BS-boxes was developed
Widest Portfolio of Branch Selectors on the Market
Free mix of single-port
 1-port up to 11.2 kW
 1-port up to 18.0 kW
and multi-port BS Boxes
 1-port up to 25.0 kW in one system is allowed
 4-port
 6-port
 8-port One more dimension to
 10-port flexibility – you can
 12-port optimize system design
in terms of operation
 16-port reliability and cost at
the same time.

You can foresee further

No limit on the number of system extension, this is
unused ports often required in residential
on multi-port BS Boxes projects.

45 VRV IV HR Basics

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VRV IV HR SPECIFIC FEATURES - IMPROVED BS-BOXES LINE-UP

New multi-port BS-boxes have completely new design

4-port BSV4Q100P 4-port BS4Q14A

(209 x 1053 x 635 mm, 60 kg, 0,14 m3) (298 x 470 x 430 mm, 22 kg, 0,06 m3)

This is specially designed 4-port unit:

This is basically 4 single port units unified • Occupies 2,3 times less space
in one casing, hence heavy and bulky • Weighs 2,7 times less

Compact and light BS-units are good, because:

• They occupy less building space, which can otherwise be
effectively used
• They are less demanding to installation place (ceiling
reinforcement is not required, etc.)

46 VRV IV HR Basics

VRV IV HR SPECIFIC FEATURES - IMPROVED BS-BOXES LINE-UP

Noise level of BS-boxes is significantly reduced.

VRV IV Single BS VRV III Single BS Old VRV III Single BS

(BS1Q100A) (BSVQ100P9)/2013 (BSVQ100P8)
Stable 29.0 dBA 36.0 dBA 39.0 dBA
standard
Change over *2 29.5 dBA 43.0 dBA 43.0 dBA
with sound Stable 27.5 dBA 28.0 dBA 36.0 dBA
countermeasure 1 Change over *2 27.5 dBA 35.0 dBA 38.0 dBA
with sound Stable 25.0 dBA 25.0 dBA 29.0 dBA
countermeasure 2 Change over *2 25.5 dBA 30.0 dBA 34.0 dBA

◆Sound countermeasure 1
Sound insulation kit (option) ◆Sound countermeasure 2
optional kit

BS-box
BS-box
Duct
insulation
material
How is this possible?

We used new expansion valves and redesigned the

circuit. Did you know that -6dB = 4 times less noise?
47 VRV IV HR Basics

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VRV IV HR SPECIFIC FEATURES – TECHNICAL COOLING POSSIBILITY

For projects with need for all year round technical rooms cooling
Cooling operation must be extended from-5°C down to -20°C

For technical cooling to be possible, the evaporating temp has to be lower than outdoor temperature
in winter time:
1. To avoid re-solidification of refrigerant in the indoor unit
2. In case of multi module, to avoid refrigerant stored in the outdoor unit that is not operating.

Daikin Competition

The pressure control valve inside BS box can lower Te below There is a risk to the system reliability:
Tamb. <= Daikin original technology (No similar function in • Worst case:
main competitor) • compressor problem
• Often case:
Liquid piping • ON-OFF operation of indoor units to avoid freezing of the
Subcooling heat exchanger heat exchanger (Te is lower than 0°C)
Refrigerant EVSC
piping
Dual pressure Ta:-5℃ Not applicable for server rooms
piping

Gas piping
EVH
Outdoor
Indoor unit Te:6℃
unit EVL Suction pipe

BS box
Pressure reduction（EVL）
Te:-8℃

Some additional piping limitations apply!

48 VRV IV HR Basics

VRV IV SPECIFIC FEATURES – TOTAL SOLUTION

* Not all of this equipment can be
connected to the single refrigerant circuit
Piping of VRV IV HR system at the same time!

BS BS BS BS BS
EKEXV+EKEQ

HT Hydrobox (Hot Ventilation:

Air curtain water preparation
Communication • Small HRV units “Normal” VRV
up to 800C) • Modular AHU indoor units
Central control LT Hydrobox (Hot • 3rd Party AHU
(mini-BMS system, water preparation
can also control up to 450C)
other equipment)

Altogether this is a total HVAC solution, satisfying all building needs, from one manufacturer
Why this total solution All components are supplied,
is good for me? commissioned and controlled and
maintained from the single point.
This makes your life much easier!
49 VRV IV HR Basics

23
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WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED IN THIS CHAPTER?

• Line-up of VRV IV HR system outdoor units is extensive and covers capacities up to

20 HP in single module. Combining several modules it is possible to get up to 54HP
of cooling capacity. An interesting feature of outdoor units line-up is the possibility
to freely combine the modules in multi-module units, which gives certain flexibility
and freedom of choice – either to have more compact or more efficient units.
• Indoor units line-up is extensive and, what is more interesting, includes not only
units typical for VRF systems, but also special units which allow to build the
complex, total solution HVAC system around the outdoor units, providing not only
air conditioning, but also hot water supply, air curtains operation and fresh air
supply. This can be unified with single point control system.
• VRV IV HR possesses all the features which VRV IV system is famous for (VRT,
continuous heating, easy commissioning) together with some specific ones, like the
most extensive BS units line-up in the market, sophisticated mixed mode
management technology, technical cooling possibilities, etc.
• As a part of VRV IV line-up, VRV IV HR uses a number of unique technologies, mostly
used to boost up energy efficiency (and hence system running costs): new
compressor blades manufacturing technology, ODM fan motors, new increased
surface heat exchanger, etc.

50 VRV IV HR Basics

VRV IV HR
04. Application information
In this chapter we will learn about:
• How to compose VRV IV HR properly
• What limitations and restrictions does it have

51 Title - Internal use only

24
 6/8/2016

APPLICATION INFORMATION – ALLOWED INDOOR AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURES

Allowed ambient conditions – general – no special units

Heating Heat recovery Cooling

Operation operation operation
Tamb (°CWB) Tamb (°CWB) Tamb (°CDB)
outdoor unit outdoor unit outdoor unit
+43
15,5 15,5

pull down area

warm-up area

-5

-20

10 15 20 27 14 20 27
Tamb (°CDB) -5
Tamb (°CDB)
indoor unit indoor unit
14 25 28
Heat recovery operation is both heating Tamb (°CWB)
and cooling, so we have to apply both indoor unit

limitations. That’s why HR envelope is

52 Title - Internal use only
so small.

APPLICATION INFORMATION – ALLOWED INDOOR AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURES

Allowed ambient conditions – with LT hydroboxes connected

Heating Operation Cooling operation

Tamb (°CDB/°CWB) Tamb (°CDB/°CWB)
outdoor unit outdoor unit

20*/16 *: Max. 24°CDB 43/37

:depending on
operation conditions
pull down area

5
Continuous

and only possible after

Cooling

field setting.


Continuous ATTENTION: this

start-up area might have an impact
Heating
on DX cooling (cold
drafts) and on the total
efficiency.
-20/20 10/8
LWT (°C) LWT (°C)
5 20 25 45 5 10 20 25

To provide proper operation of LT

Hydrobox, it’s necessary to take into
account also entering water
temperature.
53 Title - Internal use only

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 6/8/2016

APPLICATION INFORMATION – ALLOWED INDOOR AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURES

Allowed ambient conditions – with HT hydroboxes connected
Domestic Hot Water Operation
Space Heating Operation
Tamb (°CDB)
Tamb (°CDB) 43

*: Field setting max. 8kW

24*
20

5 start-up Continuous
area Heating DHW

Operation possible, but no guarantee of capacity -15

-20 LWT (°C) -20 LWT (°C)
5 25 80
45 75
Operation possible, but
LWT in case of DHW mode means no guarantee of
capacity
temperature of water leaving the DHW
tank. For hydrobox itself the limits are
the same.

54 Title - Internal use only

APPLICATION INFORMATION – CONNECTION RESTRICTIONS

Allowed indoor units combinations

VRV indoor VRV indoor LT Hydrobox HT Hydrobox

+ + + +

VRV indoor  LT + HT  LT  HT 
LT  LT + AHU  HT  AHU 
HT  HT + AHU  AHU 
AHU
AHU  LT + HT + AHU  HT + AHU  +

AHU 

AHU Is allowed to be connected

Not very clear… only in combination with VRV units
and only via EKEQMCB control box

The general rule is: no more that 1 special type indoor in 1

refrigerant circuit. If you want to use more special type units
in your project, you will need to split the systems, e.g.
• 1 system for VRV indoors + hydroboxes
• 1 system for VRV indoors + AHUs

55 Title - Internal use only

26
 6/8/2016

APPLICATION INFORMATION – BS-BOXES APPLICATION

Compatibility
Liquid

Discharge gas

Suction gas

BSVQ-M BSVQ-P (VRV

(VRV II HR) III HR)
BS1Q -A BS…Q -A

VRV IV HR is ONLY compatible with NEW BS-BOXES. You cannot use older BS-boxes
with new outdoor units. You will get UA-28 error and system will not start. There is
no way to overcome this incompatibility issue!

Multi BS-boxes line-up:

Single BS- boxes line-up:
BS 1 Q 10 A = IU connection index 10x10 = 100
BS 1 Q 16 A = IU connection index 16x10 = 160
BS 1 Q 25 A = IU connection index 25x10 = 250
56 Title - Internal use only
BS 4 Q 14 A = 4xIU of index 14x10 = 4x140
BS 6 Q 14 A = 6xIU of index 14x10 = 6x140
BS 8 Q 14 A = 8xIU of index 14x10 = 8x140
BS 10 Q 14 A = 10xIU of index 14x10 = 10x140
BS 12 Q 14 A = 12xIU of index 14x10 = 12x140
BS 16 Q 14 A = 16xIU of index 14x10 = 16x140

APPLICATION INFORMATION – BS-BOXES APPLICATION

Single BS-box layout
This unit works in cooling
Suction line SVL mode

Dual pressure line

LSV
SVH
To outdoor unit(s)

EEV
Liquid line
Max. 8 units can be
connected to single
Suction line BS box
SVL

Dual pressure line

LSV
SVH
EEV
Liquid line This unit is working in
heating mode
• SVL, SVH – gas line step motorized valves, 0-6000 pulses control range. Used to connect suction or
discharge gas to the IU depending on the mode;
• LSV – liquid subcool valve. Used to provide 100% liquid return to liquid line after heating indoor units
working in heating mode;
• EEV – indoor unit expansion valve.
57 Title - Internal use only

27
 6/8/2016

APPLICATION INFORMATION – BS-BOXES APPLICATION

Multi BS-box layout 1 Port closed, in
case if not used.

The principle of multi BS-box is

the same as single – you have 3
valves (SVH, SVL, LSC) for each
circuit

Discharge gas

Liquid Liquid
Suction
gas
Liquid Suction gas

3 2 1 Single unit, index Indoor unit index 250,

15 – 140, in this uses 2 ports in
Maximum 5 Indoor units with total maximum parallel, in this case in
case in cooling
index 140 (in this case units are in heating mode) cooling mode
mode

58 Title - Internal use only

APPLICATION INFORMATION – BS-BOXES APPLICATION

Application tips

• At least 50% of the outdoor unit load must be connected via BS-boxes (it is also
possible to connect units directly).
• Do not place BS-boxes to the area with low background sound level. This is
because mode changeover noise, which is 5-6 dBA (~2 times) higher than average
declared in the specification. This is only for 1-2 seconds, but can create
discomfort.
• Multi BS-boxes require condensate drain connection!

Drain connection Multi BS-boxes are not filled

required!! with insulation foam as
For “multi” BS units single ones, this is to enable
maintenance and repair
possibility. That’s why they
require condensate drain.
Liquid Suction gas
59 Title - Internal use only

28
 6/8/2016

APPLICATION INFORMATION – BS-BOXES APPLICATION

Application tips – BS-box placement How do I minimize BS-boxes
noise in sound sensitive rooms?
Try to place them like this:
This is sound insensitive room (false ceiling, bathroom,
etc.)
Min. 3 m from the Min. 3 m from the
end of sound end of sound

To the outdoor unit(s)

insensitive room insensitive room

Suction line
Dual pressure line
Liquid line
Min. 5 m to the
indoor unit

The same tip is

applicable also to
multi BS-box

60 Title - Internal use only

APPLICATION INFORMATION – BS-BOXES APPLICATION

Application tips – BS-box placement These brackets are to unload
the BS-box hanging brackets
(BS-boxes are heavy, especially
Hanging brackets (for
multi-port ones)
connected piping)

6 cm

1m 1m

min. 1 m min. 1 m

This distance is not necessary,

but recommended to
minimize the noise.

Top

It is critical to position the BS-

boxes correctly (not upside
down). Failing to do so will
result in indoor units capacity
loss and excessive noise!
61 Title - Internal use only

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 6/8/2016

APPLICATION INFORMATION – WIRING RULES

Single BS-boxes
VRV IV HR transmits more data via main F1F2
iTM line than Heat Pump system, so cable quality
and correct connections are critical!

This is the main

data transmission
F1-F2 Out line

F1/F2 IN
(indoor) F1/F2 IN F1/F2 OUT
F1/F2 IN

Q1-Q2

P1/P2
P1/P2

62 Title - Internal use only

APPLICATION INFORMATION – WIRING RULES

Multi BS-boxes
Do not mix refrigerant pipes and transmission lines,
this will cause system malfunction!

BS-box terminal block

High pressure gas

Liquid line
Liquid line Suction line
Suction line
This are the Liquid line
Liquid line
High pressure gas
connections
on indoor
unit side, for
the main D C B A
F1/F2 line it F1/F2
is the same F1/F2
as single BS- F1/F2
box. F1/F2

63 Title - Internal use only

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 6/8/2016

APPLICATION INFORMATION – CONTROL POSSIBILITIES

Since hydroboxes are important and often
What can and what should be used used component in VRV HR system, it is
important to know the limitations.
The only gateways which allow
you to integrate hydroboxes are BACnet
RTD modules!
LonTalk BMS integration for
Gateways
customers owning
Modbus
BMS
KNX

This is not suitable if

Centralized you are using
iTM Price competitive mini
R/C hydroboxes in your BMS for customers
system! iTC without BMS

Simplified R/C
Individual
R/C Local control for the
R/C end users
Small building Mid- building Large building

Office
Shops Bank Restaurant

500 ㎡ 1000 ㎡ 10000 ㎡

64 Title - Internal use only

WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED IN THIS CHAPTER?

• VRV IV HR system has some limitations in terms of allowed temperatures. Not all
of the special types indoor units can be used together at the same time in the same
system. This is useful to know when considering the possibility of HR system
application.
• There are some points to know about BS-boxes. First of all, VRV IV HR outdoor units
must be used only with new generation BS-boxes, because they have different
refrigerant circuit and different control algorithm. There are also some tips on how
to use BS-boxes properly and effectively.
• HR system creates more data traffic on indoor-outdoor data exchange line, so there
are some additional rules compared to heat pump systems. If you want to apply the
centralized control, it is important to understand the composition of your system –
different components have different limitations.

65 VRV IV HR Basics

31

05. Application Examples
In this chapter you will find some air cooled
VRV IV Heat Recovery system application
examples.
66 Title - Internal use only
SWEDEN – ECO-FRIENDLY OFFICE
Dragörkajen, Malmö
What heat recovery is used for in
this building?
• To recover heat between northern
(colder) and southern (warmer)
facades of the building
• To provide independent climate
control of building zones
• To produce hot water
67 Title - Internal use only
6/8/2016
The building:
• 1500 m2 of open plan office space;
• Seafood restaurant;
• Conference center;
• Retail outlets
• Special design and materials are used to create maximum
comfort for the tenants.
What was required:
• Maximum eco-friendliness, hence energy efficiency;
• Total solution;
• Ability to avoid hot/cold drafts in winter/summer to
ensure maximum comfort for tenants
• Independent control of building zones
• Hot water production for the restaurant
What was installed:
• 4x Daikin VRV III HR units
• 56 x wall mounted and cassette indoor units
• 10 x VAM ventilation units
• 2 x HT Hydroboxes + solar collectors
• Modbus-based central control system (RTD
controllers)
32
 6/8/2016

UK – COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

Airdrie The building:
• First of its kind all-in-one medical center in the UK;
• Modern building with good heat insulation;
• BREEAM Excellent

What was required:

• Initially the customer wanted only comfort cooling
system, while heating was to be separate system, but
later was convinced by the consultant that both cooling
and heating can be performed by the same system at the
same time in very effective way
• Energy saving and carbon emission reduction
• Sustainable solution, up for BREEAM certification

What was installed:

• 12x Daikin VRV III HR units
What heat recovery is used for in • 113 x roundflow cassettes with self-cleaning
this building? panels
• Modbus-based central control system (RTD-10
controllers)
• To provide simultaneous cooling
and heating

68 Title - Internal use only

UK – ECO-FRIENDLY OFFICE
The building:
Velocity Brooklands • 9885 m2 of open plan office spaces (4 floors);
• Modern building with good heat insulation and
low level of heat loss;
• Energy Efficiency Class B (according to EPC);
• BREEAM Excellent;

What was required:

• Office spaces cooling and heating;
• High energy performance;

What was installed:

• 25 x Daikin VRV III HR units
• 2 x Daikin VRV Heat Pump outdoor units
• 265 x ducted indoor units
• 10 x iTouch Controllers

What heat recovery is used for in

this building? • To transfer heat from warmer to
colder facades, thus saving energy

69 Title - Internal use only

33
 6/8/2016

UK – ECO-FRIENDLY OFFICE
Floor plan
Velocity Brooklands

Heat transfer
This zone is served by HP system,
the mode is chosen according to
the loads
This zone is served by HR system,
the mode is chosen according to
the loads.
Heat transfer

Heat can be transferred between facades

depending on the time of the day

70 Title - Internal use only

70

UK – ECO-FRIENDLY OFFICE
Velocity Brooklands What are the results?

• These figures taken from the

building energy report and are
based on the EPC assessment
• They are compared with the
‘Typical’ Office Building as defined
in the Chartered Institute for
Building Services Engineers (CIBSE)
Energy Consumption Guide 19
(ECG019).

About 60% less energy

consumed compared to good
practice office buildings
according to the standard

71 Title - Internal use only

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 6/8/2016

UK – ECO-FRIENDLY OFFICE
Proper building design together with Heat Recovery
Velocity Brooklands systems application can result in 70% lower
running costs compared to the typical building of
this size and purpose!

71% lower running cost vs typical building

72 Title - Internal use only

USA – ASHRAE HEADQUARTERS

The building:
• Renovation of 1st floor the existing
Atlanta, Georgia
building
• LEED Platinum

What was required:

What heat recovery is used for in
this building?
• To provide simultaneous cooling
and heating of different building
zones (comfort was an issue in the
past)
73 Title - Internal use only
• Efficiency and eco-friendliness, state-
of-the-art HVAC system which would
be able to be used also for education
purposes
• Increase the usable building space
without additional costly building
modifications
• Remote monitoring to gather data for
educational purposes
• No comfort issues (were a problem in
the past)
What was installed:
• 2 x Daikin VRV III HR units
• 25 x ducted and wall mounted indoor units
• 1 x iTouch Controller
• 1 x BACNet gateway

35
 6/8/2016

Thank you

36