Volume 58, Number 3, 2017

Building management system

Marius Maier, Alexandru Păcuraru, Romul Copîndean, Rodica Holonec
Faculty of Electric Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract – The paper presents a microcontroller application for building management. For control and monitoring, the LabVIEW
programming environment was used.

Keywords – microcontroller ATmega 2560, LabView programming environment, monitoring and control

- Voltage divider, made of two resistors

1. INTRODUCTION - Current Hall Sensor type ACS712, 100mv/A
[3]
A building management system, BMS (Building - Flow sensor, HZ21WA 10Hz/liter [4]
Management System), is a control system that monitors - Arduino MEGA development board with
and controls the electrical and electromechanical ATmega2560 microcontroller [5]
systems of a building. Building services can be: - Relays [6]
heating, ventilation, air conditioning, pumping stations, - Electro valve, type CEME ESM 8614 [7]
indoor lighting, access control and security systems [1], - Fans, [8], [9]
[2]. - LEDs for indoor lighting [10], [11]
A BMS system is based on a server with a - Recirculating water pumps [12], [19]
database, a graphical interface software for monitoring - Drivers for engine control and LED
and control, sensors connected to a network through a
communication protocol that make the data acquisition 2.1 Temperature measurement
part and electric motors, actuators and relays, which Temperature is measured in several points:
provides the execution part and the control panel. - temperature in several rooms
- flow and return temperature
- heating and cooling temperature
2. GENERAL PRESENTATION - outdoor temperature
The measured temperatures are less than 100OC,
The block diagram is shown in Figure 1:
the integrated LM35 sensor can be used. The sensitivity
is 10mV/ OC, for 100OC the supply voltage is 1V. To
achieve good resolution for analog to digital
conversion, the internal reference of the microcontroller
will be VRef=1.1V.
The temperature is given by the relationship:
𝑁𝑁∙𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 ∙100 𝑁𝑁∙1,1∙100
𝑇𝑇 = = (1)
1024 1024

where N is the numerical value given by the

Analog to Digital converter.

2.2 Circuit for controlling motors and LEDs

Transistor command offers the possibility to
voltage regulation, pulse width modulation (PWM), but
does not provide galvanic separation. This can be
solved using a PC817 optocoupler, which can work up
Fig.1 Schematic diagram to 20kHz [7].
For Pump and Fan control we use MOS-FET n
The application contains: channel transistors, IRF630, and for large consumers
- Temperature sensor type LM35 [1] IRFZ46N [8], [9].
- Light sensor photoresistor type GL5516 [2]

The command circuit is shown in Figure 2:

© 2017 – Mediamira Science Publisher. All rights reserved

328 ACTA ELECTROTEHNICA

operation, heating or cooling and set the room

temperature reference for every room or the
degree of illumination.

Protections used:

- Interlock between heating and cooling

- The pump does not start if at least one of the
electrovalve is not running.
- The heating boiler when it reaches the
maximum temperature stops, but the
recirculation pump works.
- The cooler heat exchanger has maximum
temperature protection.
Fig.2. Consumer command whith MOS-FET and optocouplers. - Warning no mains voltage (230V)
Figure 4 shows a diagram for measuring the flow,
return, heater and outside temperatures.
3. PROGRAMMING

For programming and monitoring, is used the

LabVIEW programming environment, National
Instruments [10].
The monitoring and control panel is shown in
Figure 3.
On the control panel you can see the indicators for
level, voltage, current, power, temperature and controls
for light intensity, heating, cooling.
Fig.4 Temperature mesurement diagram
The system can work in two ways:
1) manually when we order the pump, the Analog readings are performed by the analog read
electrovalves, the heating boiler, the cooler function, the value is multiplied by 100 to display
and the lighting circuits depending on the temperature in Celsius degree. (For 20 oC the sensor
temperatures or the degree of illumination. will supply a voltage of 0.2V)
2) automatically, when we select the mode of

Fig3 Monitoring and control panel

 Volume 58, Number 3, 2017 329

The measurement of voltages and current can be values and obtain a system of 2 equations at wich the
seen in Figure 5. solution are the two constants, m and n.
 I1 = a ⋅ U 1 + b
 (3)
I 2 = a ⋅U 2 + b
By replacinf the catalog values [] we obtain:
 a ⋅ 2,5 + b
0 =
(4)

20 = a ⋅ 4,5 + b
By solving the system 4, a=10 and b=-25 are obtained.
Relationship (2) becomes:

I = 10 ⋅ U − 25 (5)

Fig.5 Voltage and current measurement diagram

The current sensor, ACS712 Hall transmitter [3]
[20], delivers a voltage proportional to current and
offset from zero.
The current according to the voltage is a linear
function offset from zero, of form:
I = a ⋅U + b (2)
Knowing two values, we can determine the two
constants, the slope of the a, and the offset b.
We wil write the equation of the right for the two
For voltage measurement a voltage divider of 5
was used.
Figure 6 shows a diagram for measuring and
controlling indoor lighting:
Photoresistors were used to measure light.
To display the light intensity, the voltage
delivered by the photoresist was logged. For light
control logic outputs were used 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53.
Fan control is done with pulse width modulation,
PWM on logic outputs 3, 4 and 5.

Fig.6 Indoor lighting mesurement diagram

330 ACTA ELECTROTEHNICA

The air conditioning command can be seen in

figure 8:
In this diagram we can see:
- reading room temperatures, heater, cooling.
- heating and cooling control according to the
reference values.
- PWM pump, heating and cooling control is
performed.
- the valves are ordered.

4. CONCLUZII

The benefits of a building management system

would be:
- an optimal control.
- lower maintenance costs.
- quick diagnosis.
- monitoring the temperatures and the
consumption of electric and thermal energy.
Adding to the microcontroller, Ethernet, WIGI, or
GSM modem communication modules can perform
remote control and monitoring. Alarms can also be
sent. Fig. 7 Fan PWM command

Fig. 8. Air conditioning diagram

 Volume 58, Number 3, 2017 331

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