What is ODME for ?

Well if you are reading this, most likely you know what is
ODME for. But lets still ask it. Why do we need ODME? Can’t
we just ban throwing oily mixture overboard and land it with
barge.

We are concerned about the environment but there are

businesses to sustain. Ship owners would argue that they
should be allowed to dispose the water part of the oily
mixture into the sea ?

ODME brings a balance between “do not throw oil into sea”
and “reduce operational costs” to the ship owners.

But sometimes we forget that the purpose of ODME is to

remove water from the slops and not as much oil as is
allowed.

How does ODME do it ?

Broadly speaking ODME controls the operation of these two

valves shown in the below diagram.
These two valve will never be open or close together. If one
is open, the other will be in close position.

We know that Marpol Annex I regulation 34 lists the

conditions in which oily mixtures can be disposed into the
sea.
 When conditions number 4 & 5 are satisfied, ODME will open
the overboard valve to allow the disposal of oil
water. Whenever we exceed any of these two conditions,
ODME will close the overboard valve and open slop valve.

Now for doing this task, ODME need to measure

 Instantaneous rate of discharge to ensure that it is not more

than 30 L/NM

 Total quantity discharged to ensure that it is not more than

required

So lets see what all components help ODME measure these

things.

What all components make ODME

If you remember, the formula for Instantaneous rate of

discharge is
Now if ODME need to measure IRD, it surely need values for
oil content in PPM and Flow rate. Speed connection is
usually given either from log or GPS.

All these values are fed to the computing unit of the ODME.
Computing unit does all the mathematical calculations to get
the required values. Most of the times you will find the
computing unit in Cargo control room. Now lets see how and
from where the computing unit gets these values

Flow rate
ODME computing unit gets the flow rate from flow meter. A
small sample line goes from the main line, pass through the
flow meter and goes back to the main line. Flow meter
calculates the flow in m3/Hr and gives this value to the
computing unit through a signal cable.
Measuring PPM
Measuring cell is the component that measures the amount
of oil (in ppm) in the water. Measuring cell is located in a
cabinet called “Analysing unit”. Most of the times you will
find “Analysing unit” in the pump room.

The measuring principle relies upon the fact that different

liquids have different light scattering characterstics. Based on
the light scattering pattern of oil, measuring cell determines
the oil content.

The sample water is passed through a quartz glass tube. And

the oil content is determined by passing this sample water in
different detectors in series.
But to measure PPM in a water sample, a sample from the
discharge water need to pass through the measuring cell.
This job is done by a sample pump.

Sample pump draws the sample from the discharge line

before the discharge valves. This sample is sent to the
measuring cell (in analysing unit) for measuring the oil
content and then sent back into the same discharge line.

It is important that sample pump not run dry or with

excessive discharge pressure. To avoid this situation, a
pressure sensor is fitted inside the analysing unit. This
pressure sensor measures the inlet and outlet pressure of
the sample pump.

Measuring cell should always get the continuous flow of the

sample so that the most current sample is analysed. The
pressure sensor also eliminates the possibility of running the
ODME with sample valves closed.

The measuring cell need to be cleaned regularly during the

operation. This is to avoid any deposits of oil traces around
measuring cell which can give wrong readings. To clean the
measuring cell, ODME runs cleaning cycle in pre-defined
interval during its operation. The cleaning cycle involves
flushing the cell with fresh water.
 Cleaning line and sample lines into the measuring cells are
segregated by pneumatic valves. So when cleaning cycle is
initiated following takes place

 The pneumatic valve of the fresh water line into the

measuring cell opens

 The pneumatic valve of the sample line into the measuring

cell closes

 If the ODME has provision for detergent injection, the

required amount of detergent will be injected during the
cleaning cycle

We need to make sure that the detergent tanks is not empty

and we use maker recommended detergent only.
 So there are three additional lines you will find going into
analysing unit for cleaning cycle.

 Fresh water line for the cleaning of measuring cell

 Air line for operation of pneumatic valves

 Cleaning solution line for better cleaning of the measuring

cell

The analysing unit sends the data values like pressure and oil
content to the computing unit in the CCR. Depending upon
the make, the analysing unit send these values either
directly to computing unit or through converting unit.

If a converting unit is fitted, it may be doing additional tasks

like controlling the cleaning cycle.

The computing unit calculates the IRD based upon all these
values fed to it. If the IRD is less than 30 L/NM, it gives the
command to solenoid valve assembly to open the overboard
valve and close slop recirculation valve. When the IRD
becomes more than 30 L/NM, it closes the overboard valve.
The computing unit also calculates the amount of actual
oil that has been discharged to sea. The requirement is that
we cannot discharge total oil more than 1/30000 of the total
cargo carried. Before we start ODME, we need to calculate
and feed this maximum allowed value in the ODME. This we
will discuss later in this post.

But as you can see, slowly we have created a basic line

diagram of ODME. Now if you can take out the line diagram
of ODME on you vessel, check if you can relate to it. I
randomly took a line diagram of one of the make to see if we
can identify the parts and line of ODME ? I could, can you
also identify in the below image ?
If you could, Very well. But if you still want the answers,
here is it in the below image
Now that we are clear on what ODME is made up of and
about the components of ODME, lets see how senior deck
officer should operate ODME.

Operation of ODME

As we know ODME is required under Marpol Annex I, which

deals with pollution aspects related to oil cargoes. Now in 10
steps lets see how we should use the ODME.

Lets assume we are on a product tanker of 45000 DWT which

has just discharged an oil cargo of 29000 MT (30000 m3 @
15 C). This tanker need to clean these tanks which were
carrying total oil cargo of 29000 MT. How to proceed with
cleaning and decanting the slops with ODME ?

Step 1: Set the total oil quantity in ODME

Marpol has put a limit on how much total oil we can

discharge in the wash water. This limit is 1/30000 of the
total cargo carried. So in our example of product tanker, lets
calculate

Total Cargo carried in the tanks to be cleaned : 30000 m3 @

15 C

Total oil from the washing that can be discharged = 1 m3

(1000 litres)
Set the total oil limit as 1000 litres in ODME. Lets
demonstrate this in ODME of make Rivertrace engineering.

To set the total oil limit, go to Oil dischrage under Mode

selection by pressing the enter button (center one).

Under “Oil Discharge Set Up”, go to “alarm limit” and press

enter.
Set the new value by Up and down arrows and press enter.

It will ask to confirm, which we will and we have now set the
max oil discharge limit.
2. Allow minimum 36 hours settling time

We will wash the tanks and collect the slops in slop tank. But
before we can start pumping out oily water through ODME,
we need to allow a minimum of 36 hours settling time. This
settling time ensures that the oil has separated completely
from the water.
We may argue that if our discharge is limited to 30L/NM,
then what difference does it make with settling time ? But
the fact is that even when we can use the ODME to discharge
oily water, we must ensure that the oil is minimum in the
water.

3) Check all other conditions in Marpol Annex

I, Reg 34
 We must ensure that other conditions related to vessel being
enroute, minimum speed and distance from nearest land is
OK.

4) Prepare ODME for operation

After we are satisfied with all conditions, we can prepare to

start overboard discharge of the slops.

We already discussed what components are present in ODME

and what are their functions. So we know what we need to
do to set up ODME for operation. Offcourse it could be little
different on different vessel but most of the things will be
common. We must check and locate each item mentioned in
the manual. Here is recap of some of the common items
need to check before ODME operation

 Check if the inlet and outlet valves for flow meter are open

 Check if Fresh water supply is available and all valves are

open

 Check if sample line inlet and outlet valves are open

 Check if air supply for pneumatic valves is on.

 Check if cleaning solution is present in the container

 Check if power supply is on for the converter unit

 Check & rotate the sample pump shaft with hand to check if
it is free to move

Also check and confirm that all values are in auto and not in
manual mode. These values to check are for flow rate, speed
and PPM.

5) Start the cargo pump in recirculation

mode

Once we have set up the ODME, we can start the slop tank
pump containing oily water in recirculation mode. Now even
when it is running on the recirculation mode and overboard
valve is closed, on some equipments you can check the IRD
in the CCR ODME screen. If you see some strange valves, for
example high PPM of oil in sample, stop the pump and

 either start a cleaning cycle manually, if that function is

present in the ODME

 or Clean the measuring cell manually with maker’s tool as

would be described in the ODME manual

6) Start overboard discharge

After all the above steps are completed and verified, we can
start the ODME to commence overboard discharge.

7) Monitor during entire overboard discharge

operation

Now if everything is going fine, carefully monitor following

The discharge water is not making any visible sheen on sea

surface. Remember you dont need any torch to see that. You
need to do the overboard discharge operation during daylight
only.

Check and monitor the values for oil in water (PPM) and IRD.
If IRD is close to 30 L/NM, you dont want it to cross 30L/NM
and stop the operation. In this case you can reduce the
pump speed to reduce the flow. With flow rate reduced, the
IRD will reduce too.

Monitor the oil water interface level by MMC or UTI tape. This
is important because we are serious about the environment.
We want to stop the overboard discharge few centimeters
before we reach the oil surface. This shows our seriousness
to save the environment. The also shows that our aim was
not to dischrage as much oil as we can but was to discharge
as much clean water as we can.
 Moreover we do not want to spoil our ODME system by
allowing the oil to enter into the system.

8) Stop the overboard discharge

The ODME will stop automatically when either the IRD

exceeds 30L/NM or we have cross the total oil
dischrage limit. But we should be ready to stop the ODME
manually too. We should stop the overboard discharge
manually when either of the following happens

 We have reached the interface level

 Rapid increase in PPM. We can continue if we are sure that

oil water interface is still very far.

 We see some oil sheen on the sea surface

 9) Do not start the ODME multiple times

If the ODME is stopped automatically because of IRD

exceeding 30L/NM, we must not start the ODME again. Some
people start the ODME again to check if they can still be able
to reduce the onboard quantity. Even when you can argue
that you are doing so through ODME, you are actually
voilating MARPOL unintentionally. Many vessels were
detained by Paris MOU for multiple attempts to start ODME.
The detention has a logic and following reasons

 By multiple starts, the operator is trying to throw as much oil

overboard as he can

 Once ODME stops automatically, the operator need to allow

further 24 hours of settling time to start the ODME again.
This is because if the level of oil/water mixture is very less,
on recirculation this would have churned. Now to have the
water separate out from oil, we need to allow it 24 hours.

But if the ODME had stopped because of some error when

the water level was still high, there is no need to wait for
another 24 Hour settling time.

9) Perform the cleaning cycle

Each time ODME is stopped, a cleaning cycle will start. But if

it does not start automatically, we can start the cleaning
cycle manually.
10) Close all the valves and system

Once the ODME operation is complete, we can close all the

valves and electric power. We can then make a entry in oil
record book for this operation.

Conclusion

There has been number of detentions and hundreds of

observations on incorrect use of ODME. These detentions
also include willful incorrect operation of ODME.

There were few cases where seafarers had bypassed the

ODME even when ODME was in perfect shape and working.
This was because, the seafarers sometimes feel that an
equipment such as ODME is difficult to operate.

But if we know our equipment well, not only these will seem
easy to operate but also will operate perfectly.

70 Comments

Ajay solanki
Jun 3, 2016
Thanx captain for the explaination. That was a good help in understanding
working/principle of ODMCS. Made my doubt clear on the topic.
Reply
Rajeev Jassal
Jun 3, 2016
Happy that I could be of some help to you Ajay. Let me know if you have
any question anytime.
Reply

arvind
Jun 6, 2016
Thanks a lot sir .....I have one query ......how can we rectify pressure
sensor sensor under range error in jowa odme ??
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Jun 9, 2016
I am not sure what that alarm is for but usually there are 2 alarms related
to pressure sensor of ODME. One faulty pressure sensor for which we
need to replace pressure sensor. Second the pressure at pressure sensor
is either too low or too high. In this case we need to check the line up and
if required valves are open.
Reply

Pradeep Pandey
Jun 30, 2016
Pressure sensor can be individually tested with available pressure
calibrator onboard. If still facing problem of under range/low pressure
during operation then need to check for cause for abnormalities .
Reply

Sanchit
Jun 17, 2016
Thank you very much for the details. I was looking for this.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Jun 30, 2016
Glad it was of some help to you
Reply

Vikas
Jun 17, 2016
Thanks
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Jun 30, 2016
Thanks for reading Vikas
Reply

Pradeep Pandey
Jun 30, 2016
Thanks a lot.Appreciate your efforts taken for detailed explanation.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Jun 30, 2016
Glad you liked it..
Reply

Rahul Gupta
Jul 5, 2016
Perfect article for clear understanding. I have another request, could you
kindly explain if Oily Water Separator and Oil Filtering Equipment are the
same thing or not. I have failed to find a reasonable answer or
explanation for this online, kindly advise asap. I have my orals next week.
Thank you.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Jul 5, 2016
To answer your question in one word, YES they are same as both refers
to the same equipment mentioned in MARPOL Annex 1, Reg 14. In early
days when the requirement to have such equipment came in force (in
1972 or so) There was a slight difference in both of these terms.
Separating was meant for equipment which generated effluent from 0-
100 ppm. Filtering equipment were the equipments which generated
effluent from 0-15 ppm (See para 2 of preamble of IMO Res A 393(X)
http://imo.udhb.gov.tr/dosyam/EKLER/A.393(X).pdf ). This most likely
was the time when there were requirements for 100 ppm as well as 15
ppm but this is not applicable anymore and both these terms are used as
one. Let me know if you need any other information anytime Rahul. All
the best for your Orals.
Reply

Rahul Gupta
Jul 5, 2016
This is astonishing, thank you so much, load off my mind. Best wishes to
you. Really appreciate your help :)
Reply

Rs gill
Jul 7, 2016
The recommended settling time is about 36 hours as per the INTERTANKO
" A Guide for Correct. Entries in the Oil Record Book" also one should
always keep atleast 1m sounding of water at the bottom of the tank. A
well written article.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Jul 12, 2016
Thanks for correcting me. I have amended that accordingly.
Reply

Yudi
Apr 23, 2019
Hello sir. Is it mandatory to keep at least 1 m sounding of water at the
bottom of the tank while discharging slops via ODME ? If yes, where has
this requirement/ recommendation/ guidance been mentioned ?
Reply

sagar kumar
Jul 14, 2016
Thanks sir nice article. Please consider to write on COP's and stripping
pump .
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Jul 14, 2016
Glad you liked it Sagar.. I will write on COPs in near future..
Reply

JOTHIVEL
Jul 16, 2016
Good effort captain , pls keep up this like this article's all seafarer will be
educated hope it will reach most of our seafarer's.
Reply
Rajeev Jassal
Jul 16, 2016
Thanks Jothivel..And soon we will try to make every seafarer a part of this
by getting their knowledge on this platform and learning from them.
Reply

shishir shekhar
Aug 3, 2016
dear sir, your articles have been very simple and easy to understand.
They all have been a great help. Can you also write about the tank
cleaning operations on crude oil tankers prior readying her for dry dock. it
will be great help as i have no practical experience of a dry dock.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Aug 3, 2016
Glad to know that these have been of some help to you Shishir. I will
write on tank cleaning on crude oil tankers very soon.
Reply

Vinoth
Aug 18, 2016
Amazing explanation.Thak u very much captain.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Aug 23, 2016
Glad you liked it Vinoth..
Reply
Nicolas
Aug 22, 2016
Hi Capt, thanks for sharing your knowledge, very good and usefull, really
appreciate. Still confused about odme, ….let’s take the example above,
total quantity permitted 1000 litres, say flow rate 100 cubic meters per
hour, 10 ppm, 10 knots… turns out to be IR= 0,1 L/NM….discharge
permitted….that means I can go on discharging provided I don’t reach the
total quantity of 1000 litres of oil and the IR not exceed 30 L/nm …Is that
correct ?.....thanks
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Aug 23, 2016
You nailed it Nicolas... Absolutely correct..
Reply

Yee Mon Oo
Oct 21, 2016
very interesting, simple and clear explanation. Thanks a lot, Sir
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Oct 31, 2016
Thanks Yee..
Reply

nirala
Oct 30, 2016
Could u tell me that if annex 2 cargo to discharge through odme only
common line which are splitted at end in two (i.e over and under water).
In this condition how can we close the recirculation valve and if switch on
the odme, will we make entry in ORB or not for annex 2?
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Oct 31, 2016
This is very interesting situation. You can read the full answer here.
Reply

nirala
Oct 31, 2016
Thnks for prompt reply and valuabe info.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Oct 31, 2016
Thanks Nirala..
Reply

Igor
Nov 16, 2016
The question is... if, the residues in slop tank were accumulated while
several voyages however possibility to discharge at sea opened only now,
how to set 1/30000 limit. Thanks.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Nov 17, 2016
We have carried 30000T of oil. The tanks were washed and washing
transferred to a slop tank. Now there would be two conditions. First lets
assume that the these washings were discharged through ODME. The
total oil discharged after the ODME operation was 700 Litres (allowed was
1000 litres which is 1/30000 of 30000T). Now we carry more oil cargo of
15000 T. The washings of this cargo are again collected in the same tank.
Now the the 300 litres saved in previous operation will not add to this. We
will be allowed maximum of only 500 litres to discharge during ODME
operation. Second case will be if the washings of the first cargo are not
discharged through ODME and washings of the second cargo are mixed
with the previous washings. Now in this case the limits will be added. The
Total cargo of which these washings formed part of will be 45000 T and
we will be allowed maximum of 1500 litres to discharge. I hope that
makes sense.
Reply

Gulbag
Jan 6, 2017
Dear Sir kindly explain difference between Bulk qty discharged and final
qty discharged as per Guide for correct entry in the ORB item no 47 and
48
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Feb 4, 2017
Item no 47 is quantity discharged in this operation. Item no 48 is the
total quantity discharged. It will only be different if during one voyage,
ODME was operated over two periods. For example if the total quantity of
slops is 200 m3 and one day 50 m3 of slops was discharged and then it
was stopped. Again after few days the remaining 150 m3 of slops was
discharged. In this case while making entry for second discharge, item 47
will be 150 m3 and item 48 will be 200 m3.
Reply

Jun Olaguer
Oct 30, 2017
Good day. Excellent blog by the way. Although I can't seem to agree with
you regarding item 47 and 48. As per OCIMF Clean Seas Guide for Oil
Tankers (1.8 Slop Tank Discharge), it is conceptualize that you should
have two phases of discharge. The first phase is the bulk discharge where
you can discharge at max allowable rate. Then you should stop, measure
and then continue to discharge at a slower rate to avoid the vortex effect.
Preferably using the stripping line. This will now constitute your item 47
and item 48. Also, you can check it with INTERTANKO a guide for correct
entries in the Oil Record Book Part II.
Reply

KristoJacobo
Jun 8, 2018
I agree with Jun Olaguer
Reply

KristoJacobo
Jun 8, 2018
@Capt. Rajeev.Very good article.well expalined..
Reply

Deba
Jan 20, 2017
Thanks, You wrote awesome, I have learn lots of things from your article.
It's really helpful for any readers. Battery Operated Flow Meter
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Feb 4, 2017
Glad you liked it Deba..
Reply

Gulbag
Feb 4, 2017
Hi Sir, We recently used ODME. The intial alarm was set up at 400 ppm.
With every intial actions the alarm came up several times as high PPM.
Then the value was adjusted to 800 ppm. And the operation started
successfully. While monitoring over side It looked almost black discharge
getting overboard. The operation was stopped in 8 mins time to avoid any
trouble with serious violation of code of conduct. So sir can you advise if
there is any limit to input the ppm value or there is no limit.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal
Feb 4, 2017
There is no limit of PPM as per the MARPOL. Vessel only need to satisfy
IRD and total oil quantity. But most of the ODME equipments have a
limitation of maximum PPM of 999 after which it will automatically stop.
With 800 PPM, I do not think you should get black water. 800PPM is quite
clear water. I think problem can be the discharge line after the sample
point which may be dirty, or the PPM meter is not working where as the
oil PPM content is much more and it is only showing 800PPM. Check the
sample of oily mixture entering the ODME through the drain. Check if it is
black. If it is clear water then it surely is the line (after the sample point)
that is dirty.
Reply

suresh
May 10, 2017
Thanks a lot sir and it was very useful,,
Reply

Karan Keswani
May 22, 2017
Vessel tried to decant this morning through the Stripper pump as we have
2 flow meters, Initially we were successful and managed to pump out
approx 35 m3 of wash water through ODME, After sometime we received
an Alarm “ PRESSURE SENSOR U/R’’, and the Overboard Valve closed.
Vessel has then checked GPS signal, Fresh water ,Controlled air and
sampling pump for proper operation. We checked in the manual for
Trouble shooting but found nothing in connection with the above alarm.
We again tried to start decanting but the Alarm still persists. Kindly
advise.
Reply

CHEM MASTER
Jun 3, 2017
A SLOP with mixed cleaning detergent can be discharged ? Adding
emulsfiying detergent surely will decrease the oil quantity and even let
zero slop by this way ??
Reply

Jshyam
Jul 26, 2017
On completion of decanting Operation it was noticed that the flow rate is
showing 400 -500 m3/ hour instead of actual which was 38-40m3/hour .
Means there is a wrong reading input from the flowmeter . Now since the
operation is done , how to justify it in the Record book. What flow rate
should we write in the record book. All parameters were Automatic.
Reply

MIDHUN JOY
Sep 5, 2017
thank u so much sir.. for a fresh chief officer like it is a grt help.. really
appreciate
Reply

Ashish
Oct 28, 2017
Dear Capt. Rajeev , hello and many thanks for such a post. It's always
nice to have such a back up for future references though i would like to
ask one question about ODMCS. If it's showing wrong time how to correct
that. Hope to hear from you soon. Many thanks once again.
Reply
Imran
Nov 9, 2017
Very useful article.Awesome
Reply

Inyang Innocent
Feb 20, 2018
This is eyes opening experience, thanks sir,
Reply

George
Apr 7, 2018
Anybody famiar with what to do when after closing the supply of the
odme the valve to slop automatically turns to open?
Reply

Georgios An
Apr 7, 2018
Anybody famiar with what to do when after closing the supply of the
odme the valve to slop automatically turns to open?
Reply

Sheeju
May 10, 2018
Thank you very much your Your valuable information sir...could u pls
explain about ppm. Is odmcs automatically stop 15ppm?
Reply
EDUARDO RUIZ MARIN
Jun 21, 2018
Slops on board, engine sludge transfer to the slop tank (system approved
by class) then we have cargo slops together with engine sludges. Can we
use the ODME????
Reply

ThinkCentre
Jul 9, 2018
Dear Sir, can you please explain the difference between Flow Rate and
Discharge Rate ? I don`t believe are the same. Thank you.
Reply

Gela
Aug 6, 2018
Thanks. Very clean.
Reply

Avinash Varella
Aug 7, 2018
Very well explained sir. Could you please provide some information on
how to test ODME?
Reply

Dorin
Aug 7, 2018
30L/Nm alarm verification. simulate: oil content 580 ppm, speed 10 kn,
flow 500 m3/h. discharge valve should open(29 L / Nm). After that set oil
content to 620 ppm.Discharge valve should close and alarm L/Nm exceed
should come. (31 L / Nm). Regards.
Reply
Jitendar Kumar
Aug 8, 2018
Thanks capt,now can you discribe about tankscop,multigas detectors,and
drager tubes
Reply

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Oct 3, 2018
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Reply

Sailor L
Oct 29, 2018
Good day sir , Nice explanation given above, can u pls say what is the
difference btwn odmcs and odme ?
Reply

Lakshmanan
Jan 9, 2019
Dear sir, thank u lot of. I have one request how would know analyser
sensor OK or not!?? Because we can calibrated Flow transmitter.. If there
is chance know about sensor healthy or not???
Reply

eldho
Feb 11, 2019
hi our ship odme was not working because of actuater stuck now we have
corrected but date and showing old. please tell how to set time model
bristol babcock
Reply

Anand
Feb 11, 2019
Thanks :)
Reply

Li Qiang
Mar 7, 2019
Thanks a lot CAPT,Very well explained. But could you please explain that
why the max oil mixture discharged is 1/3000 by totall quanity as per
regulation?
Reply

Joseph
Apr 28, 2019
Very interesting! What is the main reason of having a Communication
Error Alarm? Thanks
Reply

Josely
Apr 29, 2019
I would like to know the action will you take if you find that on testing the
ODME or OWS it is not working?