Composite floors

ADVANCED STEEL COURSE

COMPOSITE BUILDINGS

AMANUEL GEBREMESKEL

UNIVERSITY OF WITWATERSRAND

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE FLOORS

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Composite floors

COMPOSITE FLOOR DESIGN

Design per Clause 17 of SANS 10162-1

– Deflections and camber
– Vertical shear
– Slab reinforcement
– Shear connectors
– Composite beam design

COMPOSITE FLOOR DESIGN

Design outside of SANS 10162-1

– Loading (Including Seismic)
– Slab design
– Vibration
– Fire resistance
– Bay layout
– Slab edge

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Composite floors

COMPOSITE FLOOR DESIGN

What is not covered in this course

– Slim floor systems
– Precast floor systems
– Floors with encased beams

DEFLECTIONS

– Pre-Composite (construction)
• Associated with bare steel section properties and
concrete Dead-Load

– Post-Composite (operation)
• Associated with composite section properties and
operation Live-Loads

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Composite floors

CAMBER

CAMBER

Pre-Composite camber
• Cambering prevents ponding of the concrete pour
• Camber also helps to achieve a level final floor
• Mill camber of up to 1 mm per m length can exist
• Beams can be cambered in two ways
– Cold cambering using jacks
– Heat cambering
• Camber of greater than 40 mm may require multiple push

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Composite floors

CAMBER

Pre-Composite camber rules

• Do not specify
– camber of less than 20 mm
– camber of beams of less than 7 m length
– camber of beams of less than 6 mm web thickness
– camber of spandrel beams carrying cladding
– camber of beams with rigid end connections
– camber of cantilever beams
– camber of beams that receive braces

CAMBER

Pre-Composite camber
• Camber is measured in the shop with the beam laying on
its side
• It is possible to lose up to 25% of camber due to relaxation
• Specified tolerances of -0 / +6 mm are not uncommon
• Check with your fabricator if camber is economical
• Specify camber for realistic load level
• Use slotted bolt holes to accommodate end skew due to
camber

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DEFLECTIONS

Post-Composite
• Refer to SANS 10160 for loads
• Use service level loads when checking deflections
• Already discussed deflection due to shrinkage and creep
– As per SANS 10162-1
• Live load deflection limit of length (L) over 360
– To accommodate ceiling and partitions below the floor
• Check Dead + Live load deflections for length (L) over 240

SLAB REINFORCEMENT

SANS 10162-1 requirements

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Composite floors

SLAB REINFORCEMENT

SANS 10162-1 requirements for continuity

reinforcement

SLAB REINFORCEMENT

SANS 10162-1 requirements for transverse

reinforcement

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Composite floors

VIBRATION

As a result of high strength composite floors control

of vibration is now a critical issue

VIBRATION

Floor vibration due to footstep impulses

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Composite floors

BAY LAYOUT

SLAB EDGE CONDITION

Typical edge beam

configuration – perpendicular deck

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Composite floors

SLAB EDGE CONDITION

Typical edge beam

configuration – parallel deck < 200 mm

SLAB EDGE CONDITION

Typical edge beam

configuration – parallel deck > 200 mm

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Composite floors

SLAB EDGE CONDITION

Non composite edge beam

with cast-in cladding

SLAB OPENINGS

Consider both pour and

operation live load

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SLAB OPENINGS

Where deck is cut after pour

EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE - LOADS

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EXAMPLE - LOADS

EXAMPLE - LOADS

• As per SANS 10400-T the floor must have 60 minute fire

resistance

• We will address fire resistance and protection later

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EXAMPLE - CONSTRUCTION

EXAMPLE - CONSTRUCTION
Deck span and capacity from Red Book

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Composite floors

EXAMPLE - CONSTRUCTION

EXAMPLE - CONSTRUCTION

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Composite floors

EXAMPLE - CONSTRUCTION

EXAMPLE - CONSTRUCTION

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EXAMPLE - STRENGTH

EXAMPLE - STRENGTH

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EXAMPLE - STRENGTH

EXAMPLE – SHEAR CONNECTORS

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EXAMPLE – SHEAR CONNECTORS

EXAMPLE - DEFLECTIONS

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EXAMPLE - DEFLECTIONS

EXAMPLE - DEFLECTIONS

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EXAMPLE – VIBRATIONS

EXAMPLE – VIBRATIONS

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EXAMPLE – VIBRATIONS

EXAMPLE – SHEAR

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Composite floors

EXAMPLE – SLAB

EXAMPLE – COLUMNS

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EXAMPLE – COLUMNS

EXAMPLE – FINAL LAYOUT

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EXAMPLE – e Book Method

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