Concrete

• One of the very important and widely used

material in construction
• The Grade of the concrete is specified by its 28
day’s cube strength (E.g. M20 means the cube
strength is 20 N/sq.mm)
• Concrete used on works is specified according
to IS 456 (2000).

1
•Consists of Portland cement, water, and aggregate ( Fine&
Coarse )

•Cement, water and fine aggregate – mortar

-Admixtures added for specific purposes like

– Entrain numerous microscopic air bubbles

– Retard the initial set of the concrete
– Waterproof the concrete , etc.

2
 Concrete chain
Cement supply sand supply Coarse aggregate Water supply
supply

Transporting, unloading and stacking

Gauging

Mixing Slump test

Cube test
Transporting

Placing

3
Compaction Curing
 PROPORTIONING CONCRETE MIXTURES
• For successful utilization, the mixtures must be properly
proportioned ( Mix design )

Concrete Mix Design-IS 10262

Designed to achieve a defined

• workability

• strength

• durability

4
 BATCHING AND MIXING OF CONCRETE
MATERIALS
• Batching is weighing or volumetrically measuring and
introducing into the mixer the ingredients for a batch of
concrete
• A batch is the quantity of concrete mixed at one time

More accurate to measure by weight

• As per IS 4925 : 1968 - specification for concrete batching

and mixing
5
Slump test to test workability

6
Cube test to test the strength

7
 Formwork system
It is a mold used to shape the concrete and support the
concrete until it attains sufficient strength to carry its
own weight.
 Introduction
 No desirable structure can be built without the use
of formworks.

 Such is the importance of formwork that it constitutes

30% of Cost 60% of Time

Construction

 Apart from that the quality of concrete finish and

soundness of concrete depends very much on the
formwork system.
 Types of Formwork
Formwork can be divided into two approaches :

 Traditional approach

 Systematic approach (System formwork)

 Traditional formwork system in System formwork in Progress
Progress

Collapsible A network of
Wooden A network of
type props wooden H-beams
posts wooden beams
(CT props) to support the
(ballies) to support the
sheathing.
sheathing
Pictures and sketches taken from L&T- DOKA formwork manuals
 Column Formwork

Pictures and sketches taken from L&T- DOKA formwork manuals

 Wall Formwork

Pictures and sketches taken from L&T- DOKA formwork manuals

 Beam Forming Support

Pictures and sketches taken from L&T- DOKA formwork manuals