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RFID Warehouse Management System

Dung P.T
Mechanical Faculty – DEPT. OF Mechantronics
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam
ptdvn97@gmail.com

Abstract its competitive advantage. Harmon noted that warehouses


should be redesigned and automated to achieve high
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a new technology throughput rate and high productivity, thereby reducing
that provides a new better way to manage our warehouse the order processing cost. In such sense, warehouse
system. It allows us to import or export a huge number of goods operation does no longer serve as a large-stock keeping;
just in a blink of an eye, reduces processing time and also ensure instead, it has become a critical activity in the supply
the secure. Unlike the barcode, which is suitable for short chain to outperform competitors on customer service, lead
process like cash register. This paper introduces the software of times and costs.
the warehouse management system based on RFID
In order to balance the operation cost against the
I. INTRODUCTION
requirements on different logistics operations, one must
Warehouse is one of the most important system of the make a number of critical resource management decisions
industrial and agricultural production in general and logistics such as warehouse layout design, stock storage location,
particularly. In this 21st century, there are various solutions have material handling equipment selection, scheduling
been used to manage it especially the import and export process, operators' job, employee training and so on. Thus, it is a
from using human to write down the statistics in papers, to high challenge for warehouse managers to make decisions on
level technology called as barcode which is very convinient for
resource usage package for each other in a short response
us to check out the information of a product immediately. They
time.
are common that we can easily catch at mini stores or even in
supermarkerts and warehouses. Thought they work pretty well 2. RFID technology [1]
for those processes. Unforturnately, they are only suitable when RFID is a generic technology concept that refers to the
we handle a small number of goods at a same time continuously. use of radio waves to identify objects. This technology
In other words, those methods took too much time to handle a has been widely applied in numerous areas in the supply
single product. Even when we argue that barcode technology chain activities such as manufacturing and distribution of
can overcome this problem some how, then we need to physical goods, shipping and port operations and
understand that it still can’t read more than one code at a time inventory management. Moreover, such an emerging
and also there are a bunch of complex stories to teach us how to technology has also been further extended to the
capture a barcode perfectly, the distance, the contact dimension, application domain of warehouse operations in the supply
…. Therefore, another method need to be invented to solve this chain. Two cases are summarized below to illustrate the
problem and luckily, we already got one, the RFID technology. warehousing resource management applications and the
With the new RFID technology, the importation and exportation resulting benefits using RFID technology.
processes become extremely fast and secure. RFID system can Case 1- Kitchens, Inc is a specialty retailer in home
read a hundred of identification codes at a same time without a furnishing in the United States which adopted the RFID
touch and we do not have to take care about how should we stick technology to control and identify product and material
the label on the product, just stick it on and pass through the gate handling equipment movement in receiving and check-in
reader, all label will be captured in one second. Beside the large processes in its distribution center. With the help of the
advantages of RFID, the second important thing is designing
RFID technology, the firm has reported 35 and 88%
softwares and creating algorithms that we can use to interact or
improvement in direct labor productivity and paperwork
handle the data that RFID reader send back, this is our duty in
this paper. error shrink, respectively.
Case 2- Gilletteadopted a pilot RFID project inits
II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES warehouse resource management and product tracking,
1. Current warehouse operation environment [1] resulting in a reduction in labor capital and inventory
Since 1990s, the mode of production in enterprises has levels, and increase in operations accuracy, and an
changed from the traditional mass production mode led improved capability to address out-of-stock situations.
by products into the mass customization production mode
to facilitate increasing global market competition. Hence,
the supply chain activity has been reformulated to achieve

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III. PORPOSED MODELLING 1. Start.
General Ideas 2. Central server get request from client (input entrance).
At the moment, there were a lot of warehouse management 3. Check from position number i.
models. They always contain 2 fundamental parts, the first and
also the most important part for all models, the central database 4. If blank status is true.
and the second is the GUI (Graphical User Interface) which will 5. Return position number i.
be used to display the ID that RFID hardware read, and also the
information that we can interact. Our model also contains them, 6. If blank status is false, increase i, return step 3.
but unlike traditional form (only appear data in text form), we 7. If i > total number of slot, return null.
try to design a GUI with the idea that we can observe the status
of all slots (position) in the warehouse as color dot. It means that 8. End.
a position will be display as a color dot on a map included in the
software, the color will be updated depend on its status[2].
The central database will contains all imformation of
products, slots, users, history,… . And also, it will be store in a
server and receive the request from clients which is the
importation and exportation entrances.
Figure 1: Algorithm 1 result
Goods (products) with their specific label will be placed on
a pallet (also has a specific label), go through the RFID gate Algorithm 2: Update status for position map (Update each
reader, the IDs will be sent and displayed on the GUI. We try to 10 second)
degisn two processes such as manual process and automatic
1. Start.
process with an algorithm that can automatically select the blank
slot for importing. 2. Central server get request from client.
We also try to configurate this management system works as 3. Send back all the status of all position.
a SIMO (Single input, multiple output) system.
4. GUI compare status value and change color of position.
Algorithm
5. End.
Algorithm 1: Select blank position from database.
Algorithm 3: Check the information before the importation.
Algorithm 4: Scan and check the read ID from reader gate.

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Algorithm 5: Complete the importation

IV. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Hardware
1. STM32F4 Microcontroller
STM32F4 Arm Cortex M4 is a very powerful 32-bit
MCU and extremely suitable to control all the
processes of RFID hardware system. It has more than
80 GPIO pins with such a large number of
communication modules, timers, interrupts, high
working performance and power efficiency, safe.

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4. Hardware Model
All hardware components will be connected
together and connected to a Client PC in order to
send RFID to the software through a modbus
TCP/IP [3].

2. RFID Reader and Tag


Although MFRC522 is a low cost RFID reader using
SPI interface, it provides us a very good perfomance.
The operating frequency is 13.56 MHz and the Software
maximum data transfer rate is 10Mbit/s. Therefore,
we will also use the 13.56MHz RFID Tag, passive,
reading distance from 2 cm to 10 cm. 1. Microsoft SQL Server
2. Microsoft Visual Studio
3. System Workbench for STM32
4. Arduino IDE
5. Software Model
Client PCs will send request to a server in order to
handle importation and exportation processes through
a modbus TCP/IP.
Our system will be configurated as a SIMO system
(Single input, multiple output), therefore, there will be
1 client to handle importation process and many
clients to handle exportation process [3].

3. ESP32 WIFI Module or Ethernet Module


We also need ESP32/Ethernet Module to send data
from the reader to software in clients computer. Both
of them are working as a modbus TCP/IP .

V. RESULT
In our case study, we applied a database by using Microsoft
SQL Sever as our central database. SQL has a great
advantage in handling all tasks which we need to interact with
data. Using the algorithm built based on the structured query
language, we can get the result very fast and the compatible
between software and database is also perfectly.
The result must be the same in temporary table.

Check wheather the pallet is stored with it position and its


result.

Figure 2: A part of central database structure


After that, if we check the map in our software, we will see
that the color of this position has been changed to blue, it
The temporary table will hold all the good’s ID of a pallet means that the recent import task is complete.
until the number of good reach the set value . this task will
happen in both import and export processes.

Figure 4: Selected position changes to blue

VI. CONCLUSION
In automatic import mode, after the software receive a ID of
pallet, the nearest blank position will be selected Throughtout after the project, we have regconited some
automatically in database position for the pallet in the same limitations of RFID WCS, it may lack of versatility and
time and in the software’s windows, the selected position will expandability, …. We still believe that RFID technology can
be marked as a yellow color. overcome them and become a important factor to enchance
the efficiency of warehouse operation.
VII. REFERENCE

[1] Guidong Liu, Wensheng Yu and Yu Liu, Resource


Management with RFID Technology Paper 2006
in Automatic Warehouse System.
Figure 3: Selected position is marked as yellow
[2] Dong Woo Son, Nam Uook Kim, Yoon Seok Chang,
After we finish import a pallet into the warehouse, all data Woo Ram Kim, Design of Warehouse Contol System For
belong to the pallet (goods, id order, date,…) is transfered to Automated Warehouse Environment Paper 2016
the main table of central database. Also, those same data in
temporary table will be cleared. [3] Youngjae Lee, Jinhong Kim, Haemin Lee and Kiyoung
Using a SQL command to check whether the pallet and goods Moon, IoT-based Data Transmitting System using a UWB
are successfully stored in main table. and RFID System in Smart Warehouse Paper 2017

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