-PYRIDINE-PIPERIDINE ALKALOIDS-

Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Areca nut Ateca catechu Eng: Betel buts, Palmae or India, Srilanka. Dried ripe seeds. 1. Arecoline 1. Anthelmintic
Brohvi/Urdu/Hi palmaceae Malay, China. 2. Arecaine 2. Vermifuge in gods
ndi: Supari Philipenes 3. Guzacine 3. Aphrodisiac
4. Arecaidine 4. Nervine tonic
5. Guvacoline
6. Choline
Lobeila Lobelia inflate Eng: Wild Lobeliaceae USA, Holland, Dried Arial Parts 1. 0.4% of Alkaloids ( 1. Expectornat
tobacco. Brohvi: Canada lobelanine, lelobine, 2. Respiratory
jungle tambak lobnine) stimulant or
2. V.oil & resins relaxant
3. Lipids & Gums 3. Electric shock
4. Discontinuance of
smoking habbit
Tobacco Nicotiana Eng: Nicotine. Solanaceae Europe & Asia. Dried leaves 1. Nicotine 1. Discontinue Smoking
tabacum Brohvi: Niswari USA, Africa 2. Non nicotine Habbit
Tambak 3. Campharine

-TROPINE ALKALOIDS-
Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Belladona Atropa Belladona Eng: Night Solanaceae Indigenous to Dried roots & 1. Atropine 1. Nervous System
shade Europe & Asia, leaves Scopolamine Depressant
Cultivated in USA, 2. Pyridine 2. Anti Spasmodic
INDIA & Germany 3. Ca-Oxalate 3. Mydriatic
4. To control Excessive
motor activity of GIT

Hyoscyamus Hyoscyamus Urdu: Ajwain Solanaceae Dried leaves & 1. Hyoscyamine 1. Resembles to
Niger khurassani. Cultivated in flowering tops. 2. Atropine belladonna.
Brahvi: Kohi England , USA, 2. antispasmodic
Bhang Poland, India , 3. Narcotic
Pakistan 4. Smooth muscles
relaxant
5. Antiseptic
6. astringent
Stramonium Datura Punjabi: Datura Solanaceae Europe, USA, Asia Dried leaves, 1. hyoscyamine 1. Anodyne
stramonium Eng: Thron & Africa Seeds & flower 2. Scopolamine 2. Antispasmodic
Datura fastuosa apple. Pushtu: tops 3. Little amount of 3. Sedative
Shinah azghi atropine 4. Smooth muscle
4. Protein (albumin) relaxant

-QUINOLINE ALKALOIDS-
Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Cinchona Cinchona Eng: cortex Rubiaceae South America, Dried bark of 1. Quinine 70% 1. Antimalarial
Succirubra. C. cinchona Java, Indonesia, stem or root. 2. Quinidine 2. Antipyretic
Ledgeriana. C. Zaire, India, 3. Cinchonine. 3. Analgesic
Calisaya. C. Guatemala and 4. Cinchodine 4. Bitter tonic
Officianalis Bolivia 5. Cardiac Arrythmias

-ISO QUINOLINE ALKALOIDS-

Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Opium Papver Urdu: Affim. Papaveracea Turkey, Pakistan, Latex/Exudate 1. Morphine 1. hypnotic & sedative
somniferum, Pushto: Tariaq. e India, Afghanistan obtained from 2. Codeine 2. astringent &
Varities are Brahvi: cocanar & Iran unripe capsule or 3. Noscapine expectorant.
Albumin (white) riped dry 4. Thebiane 3. Diaphoretic &
and nigerum capsules. 5. Papaverine analgesic
(black) 6. Narcotine 4. Antispasmodic &
7. Salutridine anodyne
8. oripaine 5. Codeine was used in
Diabetes before
insulin.
Ipecacuanha Cephalic Eng: Hippo Rubiaceae Brazil. India. Dried root & 1. 2-2.5% Alkaloids 1. Emetic
Epicacuanha. Columbia. rhizomes (emetine, 2. Expectorant
C.acuminata Cartagana. Cephaeline, 3. Stimulant
Malaya. Burma. psychotrine, 4. Diaphoretic
Panama. Bengal. protoemetine) 5. Local irritant
2. Tannin (ipecacuanhin)
3. Ipecamine
4. Malic acid
5. Citric Acid
6. Saponin & starch
7. Ca-Oxalate
8. Resins
 -INDOLE ALKALOIDS-
Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Rauwolfia Rauwalfia Urdu: Chota Apocynaceae India, Pakistan, Dried roots & 1. Reserpine 1. CNS depressant
serpentine chant Burma Rhizome 2. Ajmaline actions
3. Serpentine 2. In Hypertension
4. Desperidine 3. Ajmaline in cardiac
arrythmias
Catharanthus Catharanthus Eng: Vinca Apocynaceae Cultivated in Dried whole plant 1. Vincrysteine (vc) 1. Vc sulphate used for
roseus. Vinica Urdu: Sada india, Australia, 2. Vinblastine (vb) leukemia in children
roseus bahar Africa, Europe 2. Vb sulphate. Used
for tumor diseases.
Nux vomica Strychnos nux Eng: poison nut, Loganiaceae India, Srilanka. Dried ripe seeds. 1. 1.8-5.3% of 1. CNS stimulant.
vomica Dog button, Malbar coast & Alkaloids 2. In convulsions
Hindi/Urdu: Australia. (strychnine & 3. Respiratory
Kuchla. brucine) stimulant
2. Glycoside( loganin) 4. Germicidal
3. F.oil 5. Bitter tonic
4. Proteins 6. In anorexia
Physostigmine Phsoystigma Eng: chop/ Split Leguminosae West Africa, Dried riped seeds 1. 0.15%-0.3% of 1. In glaucoma
veneosum nut India, Brazil alkaloids 2. To cause meosis
2. Physostigmine 3. Anti spasmodic
3. Eseridine
4. Eseramine
5. Isophysostigmine
6. Norphysostigmine
7. Calabtine
Ergot Claviceps Eng: rye ergot Clavivipitacea Hungary, Dried sclerotium 1. Alkaloids 1. Oxytocic agent
purpurea e Germany, France, arising on secale ( ergotamine, 2. Vasoconstrictor
Spain, Russia & cereal (rye plant) Ergotmetrine, 3. Reduce postpartum
india Ergotmetrnine, haemorrhage
Ergotminine,Ergono 4. In migraine
vine,Ergocritine) 5. Alpha Adrenergic
2. Histamine blocker.
3. Fat & mannitol
4. Lactic & Succinic
acid
 -IMIDAZOLE ALKALOIDS-
Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Pilocarpus Pilocarpus, Rutaceae Brazil Freshly dried 1. Pilocarpine 1. In Glaucoma
Jaborandi, leaflets. 2. Isopilocarpine 2. To stimulate
P.microphyllus. secretions of saliva
P.pinnatifolius

-STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS-
Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Veratrum Veratrum viride. Eng. Green Liliaceae Canada. USA. Dried roots & 1. Jervine 1. Antihypertensive
V.Album hellebore Carolina. rhizomes. 2. Pseudo jervine 2. Insecticide
Tennesse. 3. Rubijervine 3. In Convulsions
Georgia etc 4. Cevadine 4. In Mania
5. Germitrine 5. In Headache
6. Germidrine 6. Cardiac depressant
7. Veratralbine 7. Sedative
8. Protoveratrin A & B
9. Veratroidine
10. Neoger mitrine
11. Neoprotoveratrine

-ALKALOIDAL AMINES-
Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Ephedra Ephedra Sinica Eng: ma-haung Ephedraceae Indigenous to Dried whole 1.0.5-2% of Alkaloids 1. In Asthma
E.quisentina Brohvi: rechasik china, india & aerial parts. 2.Ephedrine 30-90% 2. As cardiac &
E.Distachya Pakistan. 3.Pseudo phedrine circulatory stimulant.
4.Methyl ephedrine 3. In hypotension
5.Norephydrine 4. As CNS stimulant.
6.Dimethyl ephedrine 5. Hay fever
Colchicum Colchicum luteum Urdu: Surinjan- Lilieceae Europe. Holland. Dried seeds & 1. Alkaloid 1. Gout
C.Autumnale e-Talkh. England. Poland corm (colchicines) 2. Rheumatism
Eng: wild 2. Resins 3. To produce
Saffron 3. Fixed oils. polyploidy (↓eces
Brahvi: Zaferan 4. Reducing sugar cell div)
4. Myleoid leukemia
 -PURINE BASES-
Name Scientific name Local name Family Habitat Part used Constituents Uses
Tea Camellia Sinensis Eng: Tea leaves. Theaceae Kenya, India, Dried leaves of 1. Caffeine 1. Stimulant
Thea sinensis Brohvi: Cha na Nepal leaf buds. 2. Adenine 2. Smooth muscles
pate 3. Theobromine relaxant
4. Theophyline 3. In Asthma
5. Xanthine etc 4. As diuretic

Caffeine Coffea Arabica. Eng: coffea Rubiaceae Kenya, India. Dried riped seeds. 1. Caffeine 1. As CNS stimulant
C.liberica Nepal. Etc 2. As Diuretic

Composed by: Azfar Akram

University of Balochistan
Quetta, Pakistan