Android Pie

Android "Pie" (codenamed Android P during development) is the ninth major

Android Pie
release and the 16th version of the Android mobile operating system. It was first
released as a developer preview on March 7, 2018 and released publicly on A version of the Android operating
August 6, 2018. system

As of May 2019, 10.4% of Android devices checking in with Google Play run
Pie. [2]

Contents
History
Features
User experience
Platform
Reception
See also
References
External links

History
Android Pie, then referred to as "Android P", was first announced by Google on
March 7, 2018,[3] and the first developer preview was released on the same
day.[4] The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8,
2018.[5] The third preview, called Beta 2, was released on June 6, 2018.[6] The
fourth preview, called Beta 3, was released on July 2, 2018.[7] The final beta of
Android P was released on July 25, 2018.[8]

On August 6, 2018, Google officially announced the final release of Android 9.0
under the title "Pie", with the update initially available for current Google Pixel
devices, and releases for Android One devices and others to follow "later this
year". The Essential Phone was the first third-party Android device to receive an Android Pie home screen with the Pixel
update to Pie, notably coming day-and-date with its final release.[9][10] The Launcher on the Google Pixel 2
[11]
Sony Xperia XZ3 was the first device with Android Pie pre-installed. Developer Google
General August 6, 2018
Features availability
Latest release 9.0.0
(PQ3A.190505.002)[1]
User experience / May 6, 2019
Android Pie utilizes a refresh of Google's "material design" language, Preceded by Android 8.1 "Oreo"
unofficially referred to as "Material Design 2.0". The revamp provides for more
Succeeded by Android Q
variance in aesthetics, encouraging the creation of custom "themes" for the base
guidelines and components rather than a standardized appearance. Bottom- Official website www.android.com
aligned navigation bars are also more prominent. As applied to Android Pie's /versions/pie-9-0/
interface, rounded corners (influenced by the proprietary Google theme used by Support status
[12] In
in-house software implementing Material Design 2.0) are more prominent.
Supported
addition, Pie contains official support for screen cutouts ("notches"), including
APIs and system behaviors depending on their size and position. Android certification requirements restrict devices to two cutouts,
[12]
which may only be along the top or bottom of the screen.

The most significant user interface change on Pie is a redesigned on-screen navigation bar. Unlike previous versions of Android, it
only consists of a slim home button, and a back button rendered only when available. The bar utilizes gesture navigation: swiping up
opens the "Overview" screen, a redesign of the existing recent apps menu. Swiping the handle to the right activates application
switching. The gesture bar is used primarily on new devices such as the Pixel 3; existing devices may either use the previous
navigation key setup or offer the ability to opt into gesture navigation.[13] As opposed to the previous recent apps menu, Overview
utilizes a horizontal layout rather than vertical, and text may also be selected and copied from apps appearing there (although this
uses OCR rather than the native text as to conserve resources). The Pixel Launcher exclusively supports the ability to access the app
drawer and most recently used apps from the overview as well. However, this integration is proprietary, as there are no current plans
to offer the necessary integration to third-party software due to security concerns.[12] In addition, when rotation lock is enabled,
.[12]
rotating the device causes a screen rotation button to appear on the navigation bar

The notification area was redesigned, with the clock moved to the left, and the number of icons that may be displayed at once limited
to four, in order to accommodate displays that may have "notch" cutouts in the center.[13] The drop-down panels attached to quick
settings items have been removed; long-pressing a toggle directs users to the relevant settings screen. Notifications for chats can now
be threaded, displaying previous messages within (complementing the existing inline reply functionality). If a particular type of
fered to disable it.[12] The do not disturb mode has been overhauled with a
notification is frequently dismissed, the user will now be of
larger array of settings.[12]

The power menu now contains a screenshot button (which itself now supports cropping an image after taking one), and an optional
"lockdown" mode that disables biometric unlock methods.[13] The volume pop-up now only controls media volume, as well as the
choice of sound, vibrate, or silent modes for notifications. Users are directed to the settings menu to change the volume of
notifications.[13][14][15] A magnifier display has been added to text selection, and "smart linkify" offers access to relevant apps if
[12]
particular types of text (such as phone numbers or addresses) are highlighted.

Platform
Android Pie introduces a major change to power management, using algorithms to prioritize background activity by apps based on
long-term usage patterns and predictions, dividing apps into "Active", "Working Set" (run often), "Frequent", "Rare", and "Never".
Similar "adaptive brightness" settings are adjusted automatically based on detected lighting conditions. Both of these features were
developed in collaboration withDeepMind.[12]

The "PrecomputedText" API (also available as a compatibility library compatible with Android 4.0 and newer) can be used to
perform text display processing in a background thread as opposed to a UI thread to improve performance.[12] The fingerprint
authentication API has also been revamped to account for different types of biometric authentication experiences (including face
scanning and in-screen fingerprint readers).[12]

Android Runtime can now create compressed bytecode files, and profiler data can be uploaded to Google Play servers to be bundled
[12]
with apps when downloaded by users with a similar device.

Apps targeting older Android API levels (beginning with Android 4.2) display a warning when launched. Google Play Store is now
requiring all apps to target an API level released within the past year, and will also mandate 64-bitsupport in 2019.[12]

Android Pie supports IEEE 802.11mc, including Wi-Fi Round Trip Time for location positioning.[12]
The camera API now supports accessing multiple cameras at once.[12] Apps may no longer perform background audio or video
recording unless they run a foreground service.[12] There is support for the High Efficiency Image Format (subject to patent licensing
and hardware support) andVP9 Profile 2.[12]

DNS over TLS is supported under the name "Private DNS".[16]

[17]
Android Go for Android Pie uses less storage than the previous release, and has enhancements to security and storage tracking.

Reception
Shortly after its launch, several users on Pixel devices and the Essential Phone noted a decrease in battery life.[18] As Android Pie
[19][20]
became available to more phones, some users on various devices reported similar comparisons.

See also
Android version history

References
1. "Android Source" (https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-9.0.0_r37)
. Google Git.
Retrieved April 4, 2019.
2. "Distribution dashboard"(https://developer.android.com/about/dashboards). Android Developers. Retrieved May 8,
2019.
3. El Khoury, Rita. "Google announces Android P: Notch support, multi-camera API, indoor positioning, and more"
(http
s://www.androidpolice.com/2018/03/07/google-announces-android-p-notch-support-multi-camera-api-indoor-positioni
ng/). Android Police. Illogical Robot LLC. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
4. Whitwam, Ryan. "Android P developer preview images and OT A files are now live, but no beta program yet"(https://
www.androidpolice.com/2018/03/07/android-p-developer-preview-images-now-live-no-beta-program-yet/) . Android
Police. Illogical Robot LLC. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
5. Burke, Dave (May 8, 2018)."What's new in Android P Beta"(https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/05/wh
ats-new-in-android-p-beta.html). Android Developers Blog. Google. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
6. Burke, Dave (June 6, 2018)."Android P Beta 2 and final APIs!"(https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/06/
android-p-beta-2-and-final-apis.html). Android Developers Blog. Google. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
7. Burke, Dave (July 2, 2018)."Android P Beta 3 is now available"(https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/0
7/android-p-beta-3-is-now-available.html). Android Developers Blog. Google. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
8. Burke, Dave (July 25, 2018)."Final preview update, official Android P coming soon!" (https://android-developers.goo
gleblog.com/2018/07/final-preview-update-official-android-p.html). Android Developers Blog. Google. Retrieved
August 16, 2018.
9. Welch, Chris (August 6, 2018)."The Essential Phone is being upgraded to Android 9 Pie on the same day as
Google's Pixels" (https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/8/6/17656294/essential-phone-android-9-pie-update
-now-available). The Verge. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
10. Bohn, Dieter (August 6, 2018)."Android 9 Pie is available for Google Pixel phones today"(https://www.theverge.co
m/2018/8/6/17651996/android-p-name-pie-9-update-google-pixel-phone-release-date) . The Verge. Retrieved
April 10, 2019.
11. "Sony Xperia XZ3 unveiled: Big, curved OLED display!"(https://m.gsmarena.com/sony_xperia_xz3_unveiled_big_cu
rved_oled_display-news-33006.php). GSMArena. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
12. Amadeo, Ron (September 13, 2018)."Android 9 Pie, thoroughly reviewed"(https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/0
9/android-9-pie-thoroughly-reviewed/). Ars Technica. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
13. Bohn, Dieter (August 16, 2018)."Android 9 Pie review: the predictive OS"(https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/16/176
97648/google-android-9-pie-review-gestures-ai-notifications)
. The Verge. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
14. Rahman, Mishaal (March 7, 2018)."Here's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google
Pixel/XL and Pixel 2/XL"(https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/). XDA
Developers. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
15. Welch, Chris (March 7, 2018)."The biggest early visual changes in Android P"(https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/1
7092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features) . The Verge. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
16. Wallen, Jack. "How to enable DNS over TLS in Android Pie"(https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-enable-dns
-over-tls-in-android-pie/). TechRepublic. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
17. Gartenberg, Chaim (August 15, 2018)."Android 9 Pie (Go edition) will make Android Go better this fall"(https://www.
theverge.com/2018/8/15/17693686/android-9-pie-go-edition-storage-boot-time-data-usage). The Verge. Retrieved
January 25, 2019.
18. Schoon, Ben (August 15, 2018)."Has your battery life been worse on Android 9 Pie? [Poll]"(https://9to5google.com/
2018/08/15/android-9-pie-battery-life-poll/).
19. "Android Pie has a battery life problem"(https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/01/android-pie-has-a-battery-life-
problem/). November 1, 2018.
20. Siegal, Jacob (November 2, 2018)."Some users are experiencing terrible battery drain on Android Pie"(https://bgr.c
om/2018/11/02/android-pie-battery-life-issue-google-fix-workarounds/)
.

External links
Official website

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