PLC 612 Lab Manual

Government Polytechnic College, Dewas
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Lab Manual
Programmable Logic Controller – 612
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
2017-2018
Submitted to: Submitted by

Mr. Priyank Sunhare Name:
Lecturer, ETE Roll No.:
Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 1

Table of Contents
EXPERIMENT: 1 ...............................................................................................................3
AIM: Study of Programmable Logic Controller and programming using ladder
logic. ..................................................................................................................................4
EXPERIMENT -2 .............................................................................................................17
AIM: Different Applications Of Push Buttons ...........................................................17
EXPERIMENT -3 .............................................................................................................19
Aim: Working Of Different Types Of Timers ............................................................19
EXPERIMENT -4 .............................................................................................................20
Aim: Working Of Different Types Of Counters.........................................................20
EXPERIMENT -5 .............................................................................................................21
Aim: Sequential Operation Of ON/OFF Of A Set Of Lights ....................................21
EXPERIMENT -6 .............................................................................................................22
Aim: Latching and Unlatching of a Motor..................................................................22
EXPERIMENT -7 .............................................................................................................23
Aim: testing with Logic Gates ......................................................................................23
EXPERIMENT -8 .............................................................................................................24
Aim: testing with Latching and Unlatching logic .......................................................24
EXPERIMENT -9 .............................................................................................................25
Aim: testing with Interlocking logic.............................................................................25
EXPERIMENT -10 ...........................................................................................................26
Aim: Sequential Operation Of On/Off Of A Set Of Lights .......................................26
EXPERIMENT -11 ...........................................................................................................27
Aim: Testing with Counters..........................................................................................27
EXPERIMENT- 12 ...........................................................................................................28
AIM: STUDY OF ELEVATOR CONTROL BY PLC. ...........................................28
EXPERIMENT-13 ............................................................................................................32
Aim : STUDY OF WATER LEVEL CONTROL BY PLC. ....................................32

Date of Date of
S. N. Experiment Name Remarks
Conduction Submission

EXPERIMENT: 1
AIM: STUDY OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER AND PROGRAMMING USING
LADDER LOGIC.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Study of PLC hardware and PLC software
2. Exploring various applications of PLC in process industries.
APPARATUS REQUIRED: PLC kit, a PC and converter

PREREQUISITES:
Control engineering has evolved over time. In the past humans were the main method for
controlling a system. More recently electricity has been used for control and early
electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched on and off
without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control
decisions. The development of low cost computer has brought the most recent revolution,
the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC}. The advent of the PLC began in the 1970s,
and has become the most common choice for manufacturing controls., The PLCs have
been gaining popularity on the factory floor and will probably remain predominant for
some time to come. Most of this is because of the advantages they offer.
1) Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
2) Flexible and can be reapplied to control other systems quickly and easily.
3) Computational abilities allow more sophisticated control.
4) Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and reduce downtime.
5) Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure.
THEORY:
BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF PLC SYSTEM:-
The PLC is basically a programmed interface between the field input elements like limit
switches, sensors, transducers, push buttons etc and the final control elements like
actuators, solenoid valves, dampers, drives, LEDs, hooters etc. This interface called as
Programmable Logic Controllers consists of the following:
 CPU with processor and program memory
 Input Modules

 Output Modules
 Bus System
 Power Supply
 The user program directs and controls the CPU’s working.
This program is prepared based on the control logic required for the control and
automation task.
The figure shows, in block form, four major units of a PLC system and how they are
interconnected. The four major parts are described as:
1) Central Processing Unit (CPU): The “brain” of the system, which has three sub parts:
a. Microprocessor:-The computer center that carries out mathematic and logic operations.
b. Memory:-The area of the CPU in which data and information is stored and retrieved.
Holds the system software and user program.
c. Power Supply:-The electrical supply that converts alternating current (AC) line voltage
to various operational DC values. In the process, the power supply filters and regulates the
DC voltages to ensure proper computer operations.
2) Programmer/Monitor: The programmer/monitor (PM) is a device used to communicate
with the circuits of the PLC. Hand-held terminals, industrial terminals, and the personal
computer exist as PM devices. In the Hand-held unit, input takes place through a
membrane keypad and the display is usually a liquid crystal display (LCD). With the
industrial terminal or personal computer, more complex, typewriter-type keyboards and
cathode ray tube(CRTs) are employed.
3) I/O Modules: The input module has terminals into which outside process electrical
signals, generated by sensors or transducers, are entered. The output module has terminals
to which output signals are sent to activate relays, solenoids, various solid-state switching
devices, monitors, and displays. An electronic system for connecting I/O modules to
remote locations can be added if needed. The actual operating process under PLC control
can be thousands of feet from the CPU and its I/O modules.
Input Modules:-The input module acts as an interface between the field control inputs
and the CPU.The voltage or current signals generated by the sensors, transducers, limit
switches, push buttons etc are applied to the terminals of the input module.

The input module helps in the following way:

It converts the field signal into a standard control signal for processing by PLC. The
standard control signal delivered by input module could be 5V or 9V whereas the field
signal received by it could be 24V DC, 110V AC or 230V AC.
 If required, it isolates the field signal from CPU
 It sends one input at a time to CPU by multiplexing action.
Depending upon the nature signal coming from a field, the input module could be :
 Analog Input Module
 Digital Input Module
The typical analog current input modules are 4-+-20ma and analog voltage input modules
are -+-50mv, 0-+-500mv and 0-+-10v. The typical digital input modules are 24V DC,
115V AC & 230V AC.
Output module:- The output module acts as a link between the CPU and the output
devices located in the field. The field devices could be relays, contactors, lamps,
motorized potentiometers, actuators, solenoid valves, dampers etc. These devices actually
control the process. The output module converts the output signal delivered by CPU into
an appropriate voltage level suitable for the output field device. The voltage signal
provided by CPU could be 5V or 9V, but the output module converts this voltage level
into say 24V DC, or 115V AC or 230V AC etc. Thus the output module on receiving
signal from the processor switches voltage to the respective output terminals. This makes
the actuator (i.e. contactors, relays etc.) or indicating lights etc. connected to the terminal
to come ON or OFF.
Like input module, an output module could be analog or digital. The selection is based
upon the voltage rating of the field output devices. If the output device is analog then
analog output module is required and if digital like contactors coil or lamp then digital
output module is required.
Typical analog output modules have the 4-+- 20 ma or 0-+-10 V and the signal output
modules have 24V DC, 115V AC, 230V AC or relay output.

4) Racks and Chassis: The racks on which PLC parts are mounted and the enclosures on
which the CPU, PM and I/O modules are mounted.
Optional units often a part of the PLC system are:

i) Printer: - A device on which the program in CPU may be printed. In addition, operating
information may be printed upon command.
ii) Program Recorder/Player:- Today, PLCs use floppy disks, with hard disks for
secondary storage. The stored programs provide backup and a way to download program
written off-line from the PLC process system.
For large operations, a master computer is often used to coordinate many individual,
interconnected PLCs. In such system, the interconnecting electrical buses are sometimes
referred to as data highways.
LADDER LOGIC:
Ladder logic is the main programming method used for PLCs. Ladder logic has been
developed to mimic relay logic. The decision to use the relay logic diagram was a strategic
one. By selecting ladder logic as the main programming method, the amount of retraining
needed for engineers and trades people was greatly reduced.Modern control systems still
include relays, but these are rarely used for logic. A relay is a simple device that uses
magnetic field to control a switch. When a voltage is applied to the input coil, the resulting
current creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field pulls a metal switch towards it and the
contacts touch, closing the switch. The contact that closes when the coil is energized is
called normally open. The normally closed contacts touch when the input coil is not
energized. Relays are normally drawn in schematic form using a circle to represent the
input coil. The output contacts are shown with two parallel lines.
Normally open contacts are shown as two lines, and will be open (non-conducting) when
the input is not energized. Normally closed contacts are shown with two lines with a
diagonal line through them. When the input coil is not energized the normally closed
contacts will be closed (conducting).

LADDER LOGIC INPUT INSTRUCTIONS

The various types of inputs include:
1. Normally open contact. When this contact closes, the function carries out some kind
of action.
2. Normally closed contact. When this contact opens, the function carries out some
kind of action
3. Immediate input. This function allows inputs to be read after the input scan.while
ladder logic is being scanned
LADDER LOGIC OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS
In ladder logic there are multiple types of outputs, but these are not consistently available
on all PLCs. Some of the outputs will be externally connected to devices outside the PLC,
but it is also possible to use internal memory locations in the PLC. The first type is a
normal output, when energized the output will turn on, and energize an output. Second is a
circle with a diagonal line through is a normally on output, when energized the output will
turn off. When initially energized the OSR (one shot relay) instruction will turn on for one
scan, but then be off for all scans after, until it is turned off .The ‘l’ (latch) and U (unlatch)
instructions can be used to lock outputs on .The last instruction is the IOT (immediate
Output) that will allow outputs to be updated without having to wait for the ladder logic
scan to be completed.

When power is applied (on) the output x is activated for the left output, but turned off for
the output on the right.
An input transition on will cause the output x to go on for one scan (this is also known as a
one shot relay)
when the coil energized , X will be toggled on, it will stay on until the U coil is energized .
This is like a flip flop and stays even when the PLC is turned off
Some PLCs will allow immediate Outputs that do wait for program scan to end before
setting an output.
THE WORKING OF A PLC SYSTEM:

 Bringing Input single status to the Internal Memory of CPU:- As discussed earlier,
the field signals are connected to input module. At the output or input module the
field status converted into voltage level required by the CPU is always available.
At the beginning of each cycle the CPU begins in the field input signals from in/out
module and stores into its internal memory as process image of input signal. This internal
memory of CPU is called a PLL, meaning process image input.
The Programmable Controller operates cyclically meaning when
complete program has been scanned; it starts again at the beginning of the program.
-> Processing of signals using program:- Once the field input status is brought into the
internal memory of CPU ie. in PLL, the execution performs logical and arithmetic
operation on the data from PLL. It also processes times and counts as well as flag states.
-> Storing the Result of processing in the Internal Memory:- The results of the user
program scan are then stored in the internal memory of CPU.
This internal memory is called Process Output Image.
-> Sending process output image to output module:-At the end of the program run i.e. at
the end of scanning cycle, the CPU transfers the signal states in process image output to
the output module and further to field controls.
PLC PROGRAMMING PROCEDURES:

The first PLCs were programmed with a technique that was based on relay logic wiring
schematics. There are other methods for programming PLCs .One of the earliest technique
involved mnemonic instructions. These instructions can be derived directly from the
ladder logic diagrams and entered into PLC through a simple programming terminal. In
the mnemonic programming instructions are read one line at a time from top to bottom.
PROGRAMMING EQUIPMENT:
PLC programming equipment exists to allow you to write, edit and monitor a
program well as perform procedures. In most cases the programming devices, the PM,
must be connected to the CPU while programs are written. Three types of PMs , also
referred to as program loaders, are in common use . At the low end are the hand held,
palm size units with dual function keypads and a liquid crystal display (LCD) or LED.

At a user friendly level the full sized keyboards, accompanied by a large LCD &
CRT screen. A third programming option exists with software that allows programs to be
developed on IBM compatible personal computers (PCs).
PROGRAMMING FORMATS:
Some of the factors that vary between formats are nomenclature, numbering schemes, and
screen appearance. Another format variation is in the numbering formats for contacts,
outputs, and registers. These formats include letters, numbers, or a combination of both.
PROCESS SCANNING CONSIDERATIONS:
PLCs function by scanning their operational programs. All PLCs perform a three-step
operation called a scan. The scan consists of:
1. INPUT SCAN: -reading the input data that the PLC receives from the
input devices
2. PROGRAM SCAN: -executing the control program stored in memory
3. OUTPUT SCAN: -updating, or writing, the status of the output devices
based on the outcome of the control program execution.
A PLC performs the scan over and over again; constantly updating the outputs based on
how new input conditions affect the control program
PLC CONNECTIONS:
When a process is controlled by a PLC it uses inputs from sensors to make
decisions and update outputs to drive actuators as shown in figure .The process is a real
process that will change over time. Actuators will drive the system to new states (or
modes of operation). This means sensors available, if an input is not available limit that
controller; the controller will have no way to detect a condition.

The control loop is a continuous cycle of the PLC reading inputs, solving the
ladder logic, and then changing the outputs like any computer this does not happen
instantly Figure 11 shows the basic operation cycle of a PLC. When power is turned on
initially the PLC does a quick sanity check to ensure that the hardware is working
properly. If there is a problem the PLC will halt and indicate there is an error .For example
if the PLC backup battery is low and power was lost, the memory will be corrupt and this
will result in a fault. If the PLC passes the sanity check it will then scan (read0 all the
inputs. After the inputs values are stored in memory the ladder logic will be scanned
(solved) using the stored values –not current values. This is done to prevent logic
problems when inputs changes during the ladder logic scan. When the ladder logic scan is
complete the outputs will be scanned. After this the system goes back to do a sanity check,
and the loop continuous indefinitely. Unlike normal computers, the entire program will be
run every scan. Typical times for each of the stages is in the order of millisecond.

The Scan Cycle of a PLC
AND LADDER RUNG:

This is the AND combination of two contacts, IN1 and IN2, controlling coil OUT1.
Ladder diagrams are made up of interconnected branches of contact logic that control a
coil. For instance, IN1 AND IN2 can be considered a branch. Although this rung has only
one branch .The complete contact command for our branch in fig. is
LD IN1 ENTER
AND IN2 ENTER
STO OUT1 ENTER
These lines tell the controller to start a branch with IN1 and AND it with contact IN2. LD
commands are terminated with either another LD command or a coil command .The coil
command is STO. The termination command is ENTER.

OR LADDER RUNG:
Command
LD IN1 ENTER
OR IN2 ENTER
STO OUT1 ENTER
PROBLEM: - Try to develop a relay-based controller that will allow three switches in a
room to control a single light.
SOLUTION: There are two possible approaches to this problem .The first assumes that
any one of the switches on will turn on the light, but all three switches on will turn the
light, but all three switches must be off for the light to be off.
The second solution assumes that each switch can turn the light on or off, regardless of the
stages of the other switches. This method is more complex and involves thinking through

all of the possible combination of switch positions .You might recognize this problem as
an exclusive or problem.
ADVANTAGES OF PLCs:-
1) Reduced Space:- PLCs are fully solid state and hence extremely compact as compared
to hard-wired controller wherein electromechanical devices are used.
2) Ease of maintenance:-Modular replacement, Easy trouble shooting, Error diagnostics

with programmer
3) Advanced Computation supported:- PLC can carry out complex functions such as
generation of time delays, counting, comparing arithmetic operations etc.
4) Programming Mode:- “On Line”(i.e. without disturbing the process) as well as “Off
Line” programming is possible.
5) Speed & Flexibility:- It gives high speed and great flexibility in the processing of both
analog and digital signals.
6) Shorter Project Time:- The hard wired control systems can be constructed only after the
task is fully defined. In the PLC, however, the construction of controller and wiring are
independent of control program definition. This means that the total hardware is standard
and desired control is achieved through program.
7) Easier Storage Archiving and Documentation:- This is due to its compatibility with
PC/AT, Printer and Floppy disk
APPLICATIONS OF PLCs:-
In industry, there are many production tasks, which are of highly repetitive nature.
Although repetitive and monotonous, each stage needs careful attention of operator to
ensure good quality of final product. Many a times, close supervision of processes cause
high fatigue on operator resulting in loss of track of process control. Some times it is
hazardous also as in the case of potentially explosive chemical processes. Under all such

conditions we can use PLCs effectively in total eliminating the possibilities of human
error. Few examples of industries where PLCs are used for control and automation
purpose are listed below:
Tyre Industry Blender reclaimer, Bulk material handling system at ports, Ship
unloader, WAGON LOADERS, Steel Plants-Blast furnace charging, Brick molding press
in refactory, Galvanizing plant, Dairy automation, Pulp factory, Printer industry etc.Today
the PLCs are used for control and automation job in a single machine and it increases up
to full automation of manufacturing/testing process in factory.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. DRAW BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC? & EXPLAIN ITS FREATURES.
2. WRITE ONE PROCESS LOOP USING PLC.
3. WRITE THE STEPS OF PLC MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE.
4. WRITE THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PLC WITH THE HELP OF FLOW CHART.

EXPERIMENT -2
AIM: DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF PUSH BUTTONS
Different types of push button controls in automation technologies are discussed and
simulated as shown below: Electrical circuits need to be complete to work. The electricity
must be able to flow uninterrupted through the various wires and components. But circuits
that are complete all the time aren't as useful as ones that work only when we want them
to. This is what a switch does. Some switches are hidden inside machinery; others are
where we can see and use them. The push button switch has thousands of familiar uses,
from elevators to car stereos. It comes in two basic kinds: momentary and non-
momentary.
Construction
A push button switch is a small, sealed mechanism that completes an electric circuit when
you press on it. When it's on, a small metal spring inside makes contact with two wires,
allowing electricity to flow. When it's off, the spring retracts, contact is interrupted, and
current won't flow. The body of the switch is made of non-conducting plastic.
Momentary Contact
Momentary switches work only as long as you press on them, like the buttons on a phone,
calculator or door buzzer. They can be subdivided into normally-on and normally-off
types.
Normally-Off
With the normally-off switch, there's no connection till you push the button. Most push
button switches are used this way. Examples include doorbell buttons, cell phone keys and
garage door openers.
Normally-On
Here the switch conducts normally, but interrupts the circuit when you press on it. This is
more specialized, and may be used in conjunction with a wiring trick. For example,
connecting a normally-on switch in parallel with a light bulb will light the bulb when the
buttons pushed; otherwise, current will flow through the switch, leaving the bulb off.
Non-Momentary Contact
Non-momentary switches take one push to turn on, another to turn off. TVs and stereos
use non-momentary switches for their power buttons.
Ratings
For reliability and safety, switches are rated for current and voltage. This is necessary
since higher voltage or current requirements call for larger, more expensive parts, and

switches, like most parts, are only as large as necessary. Cell phones and portable radios
have small requirements; industrial machines have large requirements.
Each one of the above applications in push button technologies can be experimented on
the PLC.
A set of four experiments are carried out as follows:

Push Button Functions

EXPERIMENT -3
AIM: WORKING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TIMERS
Use Of ON Delay Timer and OFF Delay Timer For Process Control
Different types of timers are explored.
1. AC Timer
2. BW Timer
3. Li/L Timer
4. B/H Timer
5. Totalizer function
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1. 5 lights of 230V , 10W
2. Set of single stranded wires
3. Relay card
Use Of ON Delay Timer And OFF Delay Timer For Process Control

EXPERIMENT -4
AIM: WORKING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COUNTERS
Application Of Counters In Process Control.

Different types of counters are explored
1. Preset Counter
2. UpDown Counter
3. HighSpeed Counter
1. 8 lights of 240V, 10W (4 green and 4 red)
2. An arrangement for lights as shown in figure
4. Relay card
Application Of Counters In Process Control

EXPERIMENT -5
AIM: SEQUENTIAL OPERATION OF ON/OFF OF A SET OF LIGHTS
Sequential Operation Of Lights (One After Another)

A set of 8 lights are made to operate sequentially one after another with a preset timer,
controlled with a single input.
1. 8 lights of 230V, 10W
3. Relay card
Sequential Operation Of Devices (One After Another).
EXERCISE:
1. All the 8 lights should be ON for 5 sec and OFF for 5 sec , the process continues till a
stop button is pressed.
2. All the 8 lights should be ON and they should get automatically OFF from 8 th to first
sequentially with a certain time delay.

EXPERIMENT -6
AIM: LATCHING AND UNLATCHING OF A MOTOR
When A Button Is Pressed Once The Motor Is Started And Another Button Is
Pressed To Stop The Motor.
There are two input push button controls, one start button and one stop button. If start
button is pressed, motor is ON and even if start button is OFF position the motor continues
to run. To stop the machine stop button is used.
The above technique is called latching and unlatching.
HARDWARE REQUIREMEMNTS:
1. 1 single phase induction motor
2. NO/NC contactor / relay
3. 2 push button switches for ‘start’ and ‘stop’ operations.
Motor Control using Push Button
EXERCISE:
1. Three motors: main motor, lubrication pump and a cooling fan are to be controlled in
following way - the main motor is ON for 10 sec, lubrication pump is ON/OFF alternately
for 3 sec three times and after the process is done the cooling fan runs for 10 sec and the
whole process repeats till a stop button is pressed.

EXPERIMENT -7
AIM: TESTING WITH LOGIC GATES
Basic Logic gates, AND, OR, NOT are demonstrated in ladder logic.
AND: Series operation: the output is high only when both inputs are high.
OR: Parallel operation: the output is high when any one of the inputs is high or both are
high.
NOT: Inverted operation: the output is high when input is low and vice versa.
AND Logic:
OR Logic:
NOT Gate:
EXERCISE:
1. Implement NAND and NOR logics.

EXPERIMENT -8
AIM: TESTING WITH LATCHING AND UNLATCHING LOGIC
When A Button Is Pressed Once The Output Is ON And Another Button Is Pressed
To Stop The Output.
There are two input push button controls, one start button and one stop button. If start
button is pressed, output is ON and even if start button is OFF position the output is still
ON. To make the output OFF, stop button is used.
The above technique is called latching and unlatching.
Latching And Unlatching An Output:
EXERCISE:
1. Ladder logic for the following motor control specifications:
 A motor must be started and stopped from any one of the start/stop pushbutton
stations.
 Each start/stop station contains one NO start button and one NC stop button.
 Motor OL contacts are to be hardwired.

EXPERIMENT -9
AIM: TESTING WITH INTERLOCKING LOGIC
Interlocking is a kind of application when there are two devices and they are not required
to operate at the same time. If one is ON the other should be OFF and vice versa.
This method of control is called interlocking.
Interlocking Of Two Devices:
EXERCISE:
1. A pump is to be used to fill two storage tanks. The pump is manually started by the
operator from a START/STOP station. When the first tank is full, the control logic must
be able to automatically stop flow to the first tank and direct flow to the second tank
through the use of sensors and electric solenoid valves. When the second tank is full, the
pump must shut down automatically. Indicator lamps are to be indicated to signal when
each tank is full.

EXPERIMENT -10
AIM: SEQUENTIAL OPERATION OF ON/OFF OF A SET OF LIGHTS
Sequential Operation Of ON/OFF Of Lights Using Timers

Three lights are switched on and the lights are automatically off in a given sequential
order with a preset time delay using a timer.
Sequential Operation Of ON/OFF Of Lights Using Timers
EXERCISE:
1. Implement alternate ON/OFF of 8 lights with a certain time delay.
2. Automatic switch ON of 8 lights one by one with a certain time delay and switch off
one by one.
3. Decorative flickering of ON/OFF of lights continuously till a stop button is pressed.

EXPERIMENT -11
AIM: TESTING WITH COUNTERS
Counters are demonstrated using ladder logic. Different types of counters like upcounting,
downcounting, preset counting etc also can be explored.
Upcounting is shown in the following logic.
Upcounting Of Pulses To A Preset Value:
EXERCISE:
1. Make a program to increase the counter by one with each pulse from the pulse
generator (on rising edge), and decrease another counter by the same pulse.
2. Write a program that will increment a counter’s accumulated value 1 count for every
60s. A second counter’s accumulated value will increment 1 count every time the first
counter’s accumulated value reaches 60. The first counter will reset when its accumulated
value reaches 60, and the second counter will reset when its accumulated value reaches 12.
3. Implement in hardware, speed measurement in rpm using a bicycle gear wheel by
counting the number of tooth using a proximity sensor.

EXPERIMENT- 12
AIM: STUDY OF ELEVATOR CONTROL BY PLC.
OBJECTIVES:
1.1 Study of plc software application.

1.2 Study of Elevator control using PLC software & ladder programming.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
6.1.1. Study of Plc software Application.
6.1.2 Study of Elevator Control using Plc Software & Ladder programming.
THEORY:

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
PIN CONFIGRATION:

OPERATION:
DIAGRAM:
FIG. : ELEVATOR CONTROL BY PLC
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

CONNECTION DIAGRAM SHOWN OVER HERE:
FIGURE NO. 3: CONNECTION DIAGARM
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
RESULT: Elevator Control by PLC has been performed.
EXERCISE:
1. IMPLEMENT LADDER LOGIC FOR ELEVATOR CONTROL BY PLC.

2. EXPLAIN LOGIC IMPLEMENTED IN LADDER PROGRAMMING.
3. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ELEVATOR SYSTEM?
4. APPLICATION OF PLC FOR ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM.

EXPERIMENT-13
AIM : STUDY OF WATER LEVEL CONTROL BY PLC.
OBJECTIVES :
1.1 Study of plc software application .
1.2 Study of water level control using PLC software & ladder programming.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
5.1.1 To operate water level loop using plc & observes the output on it.
THEORY:

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
PIN CONFIGURATION OF CONNECTOR:
WORKING:

TRUTH TABLE:
DIAGRAM:
WATERLEVEL CONTROL BY PLC
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
RESULT:
Water level loop using plc is performed & observes the output on it.
EXERCISE:
1. IMPLEMENT LADDER LOGIC FOR WATERLEVEL CONTROL BY PLC.

2. EXPLAIN LOGIC IMPLEMENTED IN LADDER PROGRAMMING.
3. EXPLAIN WATER LEVEL RATE PID CONTROL USING PLC.

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Government Polytechnic College, Dewas

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Programmable Logic Controller – 612

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted to: Submitted by

Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 1

Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 2

Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 3

APPARATUS REQUIRED: PLC kit, a PC and converter

Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 4

Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 5

The input module helps in the following way:

Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 6

Optional units often a part of the PLC system are:

Diploma ETE 3rd year / Programmable Logic Controller Page 7

LADDER LOGIC INPUT INSTRUCTIONS

LADDER LOGIC OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS

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THE WORKING OF A PLC SYSTEM:

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PLC PROGRAMMING PROCEDURES:

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PROCESS SCANNING CONSIDERATIONS:

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The Scan Cycle of a PLC

AND LADDER RUNG:

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2) Ease of maintenance:-Modular replacement, Easy trouble shooting, Error diagnostics

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A set of four experiments are carried out as follows:

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Application Of Counters In Process Control.

Application Of Counters In Process Control

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Sequential Operation Of Lights (One After Another)

Sequential Operation Of Devices (One After Another).

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The above technique is called latching and unlatching.

Motor Control using Push Button

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The above technique is called latching and unlatching.

Latching And Unlatching An Output:

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This method of control is called interlocking.

Interlocking Of Two Devices:

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Sequential Operation Of ON/OFF Of Lights Using Timers

Sequential Operation Of ON/OFF Of Lights Using Timers

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Upcounting is shown in the following logic.

Upcounting Of Pulses To A Preset Value:

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1.1 Study of plc software application.

6.1.1. Study of Plc software Application.

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