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1.1 Introduction
The objective of this section is to define the parameters adopted in the structural design of
Residential apartment proposed at Kormangala for DNR, Bangalore - Karnataka.
Project consists of Tower with single basements for parking, ground floor, parking and 9 upper
floors for residence and 9th floor partly for club house with swimming pool and terrace. The plot
is spread over an area of 0.68 acres approximately.
Various Design parameters have been established to meet the Client’s requirement and as per
the Indian Standards. This Project site is located at Koramangala Bangalore – Karnataka.
Hence designed for Seismic zone- 2 as per IS 1893 Part-1 2016 with importance factor of 1.2.
As the buildings are of 1 basements+G+9 upper floors, an optimum structural concept has
been developed in order to economise the proposed construction, and thus minimising the
overall construction cost and time. Various schemes have been investigated, with priority given
to the following factors:
• Build ability
• Economy of construction
• Speed of construction
• Accommodation of architectural requirements
• Adaptability for the provision of services
• Suitability to the local construction resources and practices
• Vertical load bearing elements shall be reinforced concrete columns and shear walls.
Vertical dead loads and live loads from the floor slabs will be transferred by supporting
beams and columns/walls down to the foundation.
• The stability of structure for gravity and lateral loads due to Dead, Live Loads and lateral
loads is provided by Columns/ walls & beam frames.
• The structure will be analysed using ETABS. All relevant loads and load combinations
will be considered as per the prevailing Indian standards. The design will be carried out,
for the most severe load combination.
1.4 Material
In general, the design shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant Indian Standards.
Structural concrete shall be designed in accordance with the following standards:
DESIGN CODES:
SPECIFICATIONS:
E Blinding & PCC Blinding & PCC M10 OPC 240 0.60
REINFORCEMENT BARS:
• Only deformed bars shall be specified, using standard sizes of 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25
and 32 mm.
COVER TO REINFORCEMENT:
TYPICAL RAFT REINFORCEMENT • The cover to reinforcement is based on the exposure conditions as per IS: 456 - 2000.
As per this code, the external concrete surfaces will be considered exposed to
“Moderate” condition
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
DETAILING:
Drawings showing ‘Indicative detailing’ will be adopted for reinforced concrete. Detailed bar
bending schedules shall have to be prepared by the Contractor.
DESIGN CODES:
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
TYPICAL RETAINING WALL REINFORCEMENT
• Young’s Modulus, E = 200 kN/mm2
• Coefficient of Thermal Expansion = 12 x 10-6/deg. C
DESIGN / DETAILING:
• Design and detailing, shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant Indian
standards.
• For preliminary design, the structure has been designed based on elastic method
wherein all parts of the structure are proportioned in such a way that the working
stresses shall not exceed the allowable stresses as per the relevant code. However, for
detailed design, the structure will be designed using limit state method, as per the latest
IS 800.
• The minimum thickness of steel members will be 6 mm.
• All shop drawings, giving complete information necessary for the fabrication & erection
of the structure, will be prepared by the contractor based on the design drawings.
CORROSION PROTECTION:
All structural steel shall be protected against corrosion as per ISO: 12944 are classified under
C4 environment. The durability requirement/design life of coating shall be greater than 15
years.
1.4.3 MASONRY
DESIGN CODES
Masonry design shall be carried out in accordance with IS: 1905 Code of Practice for structural
use of un-reinforced masonry.
MATERIALS PROPERTIES
Blocks shall be hollow concrete units having a minimum characteristic strength of 3.5 N/mm2,
or as specified on structural drawings.
DETAILING
Block masonry will be detailed to prevent cracking due to shrinkage and designed as well as
detailed to resist the wind loads due to differentials in the internal/external wind pressures.
Detailing provisions shall show vertical and if necessary, horizontal reinforcement around large
openings and at unrestrained ends of walls.
Advantages:
• Standard practice and familiarity in usage, allows easy execution and no specialist input
is found to be essential
• Allows introduction of openings in the floors and treated in isolation for structural stability
even after the intended detailed designs have been completed
• Economical system
• To reduce the self weight of the structure. Hence the transfer slab thickness can be
economized.
Disadvantages:
TYPICAL FORM WORK & SUPPORTING
ARRANGEMENT • Larger floor height
• Horizontal service distribution more difficult due to down stand beams
• More complex formwork
1.5.2 Flat slab system
Advantages:
• Flat Soffit.
• Speed of construction as the down stand beams are eliminated to maximum extent, thus
resulting in simple formwork
• Lesser floor height
Disadvantages:
• The cut outs and required openings in the slabs need to be frozen, prior to the detailed
designs. Cutouts and opening in slabs cannot be accommodated once the slab is
executed
• Since the Project is residential sunken slabs for toilet & utility areas in the individual units
cannot be provided.
• Costlier system
• Self-weight of the structure will be increased
Conclusion:
Comparing to the flat slab system the conventional beam slab system is adopted because
flexibility for sunken slabs, heavier wall loads and closer column spacing.
Vertical load bearing elements shall be reinforced columns & walls. Vertical dead loads and live
loads generated by the floor slabs will be transferred by columns/walls down to the foundation levels.
The stability of the building for lateral loads due to seismic and wind is provided by RC
columns/walls.
General
Loads shall generally be determined in accordance with IS: 875. Few loads mostly used are
mentioned below.
Following loads for finishes are for guidance only. However, final loadings for the detailed
design will be coordinated with the architect.
l
Basic Material Thickness (mm) Loads in elevation Remarks
L (kN/m2)
oSolid Concrete Block 200 1.6 Excluding render
a 150 1.2
d
100 0.8
Demountable Partition 1.00
Curtain wall 0.60
F Cement Plastering 12 0.24
l
15 0.30
o
o Autoclaved cellular 200 1.20 Excluding render
r aerated concrete blocks 150 0.90
100 0.60
In addition to the above loads, actual loads due to suspended installations and various
equipments will also be considered wherever applicable.
Retaining walls will be designed for a minimum surcharge equivalent to 1.2m high filled
Earth, where ever applicable.
Wind loads will be derived on the basis of IS: 875 Part - 3. Basic wind speed of 33 m/s is
adopted.
• Terrain Category: Category -3
• Wind Speed: 33m/s
• Risk Coefficient (k1) = 1.00 Table - 1 IS: 875 Part-3
• Terrain factor (k2) = As per table Table – 2 or 33 IS: 875 Part-3
• Topography factor (k3) = 1.0
• Importance factor (k4)= 1.0
Wind Dynamic Analysis is carried out using Gust Factor Method.
1.10 Load Combinations
Load combinations for working stress method of design shall be taken as:
When the effect of wind or earthquake load is taken into account, the permissible stresses
specified will be increased by 33⅓ percent for structural steel and by 25 percent for bolts and
tension rods & in welds.
• Movement joints in buildings shall be provided as per the requirement of relevant codes
• Movement joint width shall be sufficient to allow for storey drifts occurring during a
seismic event.
1.13 Deflections
• Under transient wind loads as per IS 875 Part 3, the lateral sway at the top of the
building, shall be less than H/500 as per clause 20.5 of IS 456
Concrete structural elements are designed for a fire resistance of 2 hour by providing adequate
clear cover and minimum structural member dimensions, as per IS 456.
BASEMENT LAYOUT
AND DETAILS
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TERRACE LAYOUT
AND DETAILS
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