1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Rationale

No matter where you live there are certain procedures that everyone must go

through when it comes to cleaning their house. This one in particular tends to be quite the

pain and is often left to the next day. Washing dishes has always been look at as being a

hassle but today in the 21st century our job is much easier than it was back in the day.

New technologies like dishwashers and grease fighting soaps can cut a 2-hour job down.

Washing dishes is actually pretty simple and not that hard if you do them right away. Dishes

only become a hassle when they left for a long time or you burn food inside of them. You

then have to scrub all your dishes and sometimes even use SOS pads for those stubborn

stuck on pieces. After rinsing all of the soap off you have to quickly dry the dishes and

especially the cutlery before they form water spots.

A flowering plant that is widely cultivated as ornamentals for its very colorful petals.

It is used for decoration around homes, hotels, inns, and public places such as plazas and

main roads. Aside from ornamentation, this flower is being used by (some locals) as

alternative medicine. The Gumamela, commonly known as Hibiscus, Sorrel, Island

Flowers, China rose, Shoe flower or less widely known as Rose mallow, are often noted

for their showy flowers. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, and with five

or more petals. Gumamela flowers vary in shapes and colors such as yellow, orange, white,

purple, pink, red, and some are color combinations or mixed colors. Many species are

grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract

butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds. These are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and

tropical regions throughout the world. About 300 species of Gumamela or Hibiscus plants

are found worldwide. Solutions made from flower extract are also used as a lotion for fever,

while an infusion of the leaves is used to relieved headaches. Seeds are used for stimulants

and for cramps. The red flower variety has been preferred in medicine. There have been

reports that the barks have been used as an agent to induce or hasten menstruation. It is

also very common to see Gumamela leaves applied to poultice swellings. Gumamela
 flower are used as an expectorant in bronchitis, for general coughs, and as refrigerant

drinks in fever. (https://studyhippo.com/essay-the-gumamela/)

Nowadays, with the inflation of goods, money is a need. With this study,

researchers use Gumamela flower extract to make a less-cost dishwashing liquid. Making

an organic dishwashing liquid to lessen the expenditure in buying commercial dishwashing

liquids.

1.2. Objective of the Study

1.2.1. General Objective

This study aims to produce a dishwashing liquid from Gumamela flower

(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) extract additive.

1.2.2. Specific Objective

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. To determine which concentration of Gumamela Flower Extract is a viable

dishwashing liquid.

a. 25% Gumamela Extract

b. 50% Gumamela Extract

c. 75% Gumamela Extract

d. 100% Gumamela Extract

2. Comparison between Gumamela flower extract additive dishwashing

liquid between commercially made dishwashing liquid in terms of:

a. Ability to remove grease in kitchen utensils

b. Ability to remove foul odour in kitchen utensils

c. Ability to reduce foul fumes in kitchen sink

d. Cost

e. Ability to keep the skin moisturize

1.3. Null Hypotheses

H01: There is no significant difference between each concentration of a Gumamela extract

as a viable dishwashing liquid.

H02: There is no effect of the Gumamela dishwashing liquid in terms of the ability to remove

grease in kitchen utensils, ability to remove foul odor in kitchen utensils, ability to reduce

foul fumes in kitchen sink, ability to keep the skin moisturize and the costly than the

commercially made dishwashing.

1.4. Significance of the Study

Today’s era, money is the constant necessity specially with the inflation of goods.

People will always find a way to lessen their daily expenses and that involves buying less-

cost products.

If this study proves successful, students and researcher alike will be able to

recreate their homemade dishwashing liquid to make use of the flower extract of

Gumamela.

The result of this study provides useful information to the following stakeholders:

Individual. To lessen the daily/weekly expenses in buying commercialize

dishwashing liquid.

Environment. It is to promote an environment -friendly product for people to use.

Community. To give knowledge so that they can make their own homemade

dishwashing liquid.

1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research is limited in the production of dishwashing liquid from a specific

amount of Gumamela flower extract, distilled water, alkali, glycerin, surface-active

substance and essential oils (optional). The ability of the product is only for removing stains
and grease in kitchen tools. The capability of the product will be tested by conducting a

survey and a test wherein its effectiveness will be compared with the commercial product.

1.6. Definition of Terms

Gumemala (Hubicus rosa-sinensis) is a sort of peaty species commonly excluded

because of their distinctive flowers. They are also called the flower of Jamaica. Which its

flower will be harvested and extracted. Refers to the flower used to conduct the expirement.

Dishwashing Liquid is an all-purpose dishwashing formula with anti-bac and intensified

grease-cutting power for faster and more efficient removal of grease, fats and oils in dishes,

pots and other kitchen utensils. It comes in three varieties, namely: Citrus, Lemon, and

Antibacterial or Unscented Dishwashing Liquid is used in industrial, household kitchens,

hospitals, nursing homes, schools and in commercial establishments such as restaurants,

hotels, motels, etc.

Kitchen Utensils is used as test subject.

GUMAMELA FLOWER (HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS) EXTRACT AS A
MULTIPURPOSE DISHWASHING LIQUID

A Research Submitted to the Faculty of the

Mindanao State University at Naawan
Integrated Developmental School
9023 Naawan Misamis Oriental
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for
the Subject

General Chemistry 1

ANGELO MAHINAY
DIVINE GRACE REMOROZA
JYLES MARIE R. MAHINAY
NOELLHA JEANETTE G. LIWAGON
XIAN KHALIL F. SAMEON

MAY 2019
 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

f. Research Design

This study will use experimental research design. Using four (4) setups with three

(3) replicates for each setup and will be done in three trials. The four (4) setups includes

three (3) experimental with one (1) control setup.

g. Study Area

Fig.1. Location of the study (Cited from goo.gl/aTFg3A)

The study will be done at P-3, Paulino Street, Poblacion, Naawan, Misiamis

Oriental. Liwagon’s Residence, with an open backyard, for conducting the experiments.

h. Materials and Equipment

The materials that will be used are, 1.525L Gumamela flower extract, 220ml

distilled water, 320ml Potassium hydroxide, 220ml borax mixture, 168ml sunflower oil, 80ml

coconut oil, 80ml essential oils/fragrant. The equipment will be, basic tools for mixing the

lye, large crock pot, thermometer, scale, measuring cups, stick blender, potato masher

and/or flat whisk, cylindrical glass container a piece of cloth and mortar and pestle.
i. Data Gathering Procedure

Identifying the problems

Formulation of objective

Proposal Defense

Compilation of all materials and equipment

Gumamela flower and extract harvest

Measurements for the different mixture

Completion of Set-ups

Recording of Results

Analysis of Data

Making conclusions and recommendations

Conceptual development

Fig. 2. Flowchart of the study3.4.1. Identifying a Problem

 The researchers were required to make a project. In doing so a problem was needed in

order to make the required project possible. The choice consists with an experimental or social to

create a proposal.

For instance, this research was relative to the community’s need for a cost-effective to

augment today’s economy.

When the problem was served, the researchers formulated objectives connected to the

problem. The objective for this research were experimental and observational. The objectives

showed a possible trait; experimental, where the researchers added another variable in a setup,

while the observational only analyzed the results from the prepared setups.

Most of the following materials and equipment were bought from stores in stock or

borrowed from an acquaintance. The required materials and equipment were acquired then the

researchers compiled it on a specific location and working area.

Gumamela flower were used in the study and it was commonly found in approximate of

the researchers’ residence. The Gumamela plant were located in various places in the Poblacion,

Naawan Misamis Oriental, which has given the researchers easy picking from the ground. The

researchers will as many pieces of the Gumamela flower to fulfil the extract requirement of 500ml.

This procedure involved in a 5-step action.

First, the researchers will collect the Gumamela flower. Second, they will compile it in an

accessible area. Third, the researchers will then proceed to pound the flower using the mortar

and pestle, then it will be put in a piece of cloth to be squeeze, for a thorough extraction of flower

extract. Finally, they finished when the 1.525mL is achieved.

The given liquids consisted of, 1.525L Gumamela flower extract, 220ml distilled water,

320ml Potassium hydroxide, 220ml borax mixture, 168ml sunflower oil, 80ml coconut oil, 80ml

essential oils/fragrant. The researchers will divide the given into four parts, all the while considering

the percentages required in the different mixtures. The measurement was done with the 100ml

syringe. Each setups’ three trials were each contain the volume of 200mL.
 It was decided that the total of 600ml of Gumamela extract was used in the fourth setup’s

3 trials while the remaining 975ml Gmelina extract was used to the other three setups and it’s three

trials.

The setups will consist of; a cylindrical glass container habiting the Gumamela extract or

the different mixture concentration of Gumamela extract, and dirty dishes for experimentation.

When the setups were all set, the researchers will then wash the dirty dishes using the new

Gumamela dishwashing liquid to record the effectivity in removing the grease and foul odor in the

kitchen utensils, removing foul odor in kitchen sink and ability in keep the skin moisturize after the

experimentation. The results will be recorded with photos and succinct observations.
 Literature Cited

https://studyhippo.com/essay-the-gumamela/

http://kahelito2013.blogspot.com/2013/10/kahel-dishwashing-liquid-from-orange.html

https://www.academia.edu/31169664/Research_II

http://www.jlponline.org/article.asp?issn=09742727;year=2014;volume=6;issue=2;spage=84;epag

e=90;aulast=Pandey

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11811157
 2. Review of Related Literature

2.1 Kahel Dishwashing Liquid from Orange Peelings

In the research of Janna Mae A. Colman, John Paolo S. Barrameda, and Renzett Garcia

on October 24, 2013 which was entitled Kahel Dishwashing Liquid from Orange Peelings The

researchers used orange peels, white vinegar, tea tree oil, and soap for this study. For the first

trial, they took the skin off of the oranges, heated the peels on 6 cups of water, and strained them

out afterwards. Next, they put the mixture in a bowl and added one-third cup of white vinegar and

a half teaspoon of tea tree oil. They left the mixture for 1 day. The results were unfavorable yet

the scent of orange was very noticeable – it can’t clean and has low viscosity – and so they went

on for a second trial. The researchers used and heated the mixture from their first trial and put in

half grated bar of soap. After a day, the mixture produces bubble when shaken and improved its

smell – but the scent of the soap used was dominant. The mixture was tested on a plate – which

had recently used prior to the test – and it did not clean. The third trial of experimentation yielded

the coveted result. The mixture is capable of cleaning when tested to clean a plate. Accurate

measurement was the problem of the first two trials while it is a contributing factor to the success

of the third one.

Germs are everywhere and people are indeed exposed to these harmful, microscopic

organisms everyday of their lives – especially during summer when temperatures reach record high

allowing sickness and heat-caused disease get in the way [Republic of the Philippines - Media

Relations Unit. (May 6, 2013)]. What is the most common way to get rid of bacteria? Everyone

would agree that nothing's better than soap.

According to soaphistory.net, soaps come in different types depending on how and where

one would use them. They also come in different forms such as solid, liquid, and powdered form.

Each type of soap comprises different chemicals that contribute to its over-all quality.

In the present time and age, soap is an essential part of building one’s health when it comes

to the aspect of personal hygiene. Soaps do it all. We use them to clean our whole body. But
according to goaskalice.columbia.edu, regular soaps don’t actually KILL germs – rather, they take

them off the skin, allowing these germs to be rinsed off by water.

Soap is not limited to be used as a body cleaner. It is also used to clean the dishes – it is

called dishwashing soap or detergent.

Consumerreports.org placed that dishwashing soaps come in many forms – tablets, gel,

and powder – but they often come in liquid form because they are less messy than a plain bar of

soap according to health.harvard.edu.

These soaps can clean but are full of chemicals that are toxic – most especially for children.

Because of the spread of dishwashing liquids that claim to be all-natural available in the market

today, one cannot determine who’s true and who’s not.

2.2 THE EFFECT OF LEMONGRASS(CYMPOGON) AS A DISHWASHINGLIQUID

Lemongrass may prevent the growth of some bacteria and yeast and it has antioxidant

properties. It contains substances that are used to alleviate muscle pain, reduce fever, and to

stimulate uterus and menstrual flow. Lemongrass is also known by Cymbopogon. it is a genus of

about && species of grasses. Lemongrass grows in dense clumps that can grow 6 feet in height

and 4 feet inwidth. It is native to warm and tropical regions, such as India, Southeast Asia, and

Oceania. It is used as a medicinal herb in India and it is common in Asian cuisine. In African and

South American countries, it is popularly used for making tea. Lemongrass is an herb that

belongs to the grass family of Poaceae. Lemongrass oil has a light and fresh lemony smell with

earthy undertones. It is stimulating, relaxing, soothing, and balancing the citral and limonene

content in lemongrass oil can kill or stifle the growth of bacteria and fungi. This will help you avoid

getting infections such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, or other types of fungus. studies in rats have

proved that lemongrass essential oil is an effective antifungal and antibacterial agent. Take

advantage of these lemongrass oil benefits by making your own body or foot scrub! Lemongrass

is unique because it has antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti!fungal properties. Just like its distant

cousin, lemons, it is a natural astringent with some seriousantiseptic properties.

2.3 A Comparative Study to Evaluate Liquid Dish Washing Soap as An Alternative

to Xylene and Alcohol in Deparaffinization And Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining

In a comparative study to evaluate liquid dish washing soap as an alternative to xylene

and alcohol in deparaffinization and hematoxylin and eosin staining by Pinki Pandey, Alok

Dixit, Aparna Tanwar, Anuradha Sharma, and Sanjeev Mittal on July 2014, 1.7% liquid DWS was

used as an alternative substitute for xylene and alcohol. Liquid DWS forms a part of the

household products which are used daily. Their concentration in these products is already well

monitored by the manufacturing companies. We used Vim liquid dish-washing soap (Hindustan

Unilever Limited) in our study. It is easily available, cheap, safe, nontoxic and eco-friendly.

Moreover, we are diluting only 25 ml of the liquid DWS in 1500 ml of distilled water. Thus, there

are skimpy chances of this product being toxic to the laboratory personnel. Harri's hematoxylin

was used for conventional staining method, whereas Mayer's hematoxylin was used to stain the

nuclear component in XAF staining method in our study. Mayer's hematoxylin was prepared by

completely dissolving aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) in di stilled water. Then adding

hematoxylin, sodium iodate and acetic acid to it and bring it to boil and cool. This solution is

alcohol free and gives clear and sharp nucleus staining.

A total of 100 surgically resected specimens from different tissues were obtained. The

study group included tissues such as epithelium, connective tissue, glands, bone, cartilage, and

muscle. The specimens were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde and routinely processed

as per conventional method. For the pilot study, a total of 100 paraffin embedded tissue blocks

were included.

2.4 Effects of Antibacterial Dishwashing Liquid on Foodborne Pathogens and

Competitive Microorganisms in Kitchen Sponges.

In the study of H. D. KUSUMANINGRUM, M. M. VAN PUTTEN, F. M. ROMBOUTS, AND

R. R. BEUMER to determine the Effects of Antibacterial Dishwashing Liquid on Foodborne

Pathogens and Competitive Microorganisms in Kitchen Sponges on April 2001, the effects of an
antibacterial dishwashing liquid on Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus

aureus, and Bacillus cereus were investigated in a modified suspension test and in used sponges

with and without food residues under laboratory conditions. A limited study was conducted in

households to assess the efficacy of antibacterial dishwashing liquid as used by the consumer. In

the suspension tests, S aureus and B. cereus were shown to be susceptible to low concentrations

of antibacterial dishwashing liquid (0.5%), whereas E. coli and Salmonella Enteritidis maintained

their initial numbers for at least 24 h at 258C. At higher concentrations (2 to 4%), all test

organisms decreased to below the detection limit after 24 h. Over a 24-h period, the antibacterial

dishwashing liquid did not significantly reduce these organisms in used sponges in which food

residues were present. The antibacterial product did not reduce the competitive microorganisms

either. Similar results were found for sponges involved in daily household use. The results of this

study demonstrate that the antibacterial dishwashing liquid was effective in reducing pathogens in

the suspension test but not in the used sponges. This finding indicates that to determine the

efficacy of antibacterial products, their use in a household setting must be considered.

Antibacterial dishwashing liquid, which for some brands is distinguished from a regular

product by the addition of one or more antibacterial compounds, is supposed to reduce or

inactivate bacteria. The efficacy of such products is usually tested under laboratory conditions

using suspension tests in which a generally accepted requirement for disinfectants is a log

reduction of $5 (a reduction of $99.999%) during 5 min of contact. Some of these products are

able to meet the test requirements, but there is little evidence with regard to whether and to what

extent the product can reduce cross-contamination under conditions of actual household use.

Because the outcome of suspension tests might be a poor predictor of efficacy under practical

conditions, especially with regard to bacteria attached to surfaces and in the presence of food

debris, a variety of test procedures have been designed to mimic these conditions. There are

many variants of the test whereby distribution of the disinfectant solution over a small defined test

surface (tile, microscopic slide, PVC, stainless steel disk) is followed by contamination with a

standardized inoculum and determination of the survivors after a given exposure time by a rinsing

technique.