BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE

Type (I) : Very Short Answer Type Questions : [01 Mark Each]

1. Write the principal value of sec–1(–2).

2. If tan–1  3  + cot –1
(x) =

2
, find x.

Type (II) : Short Answer Type Questions : [02 Marks Each]

 1 
3. If sin–1(x) + cos–1   = , then find x.
2 2

1
4. Solve for x : cos(2sin–1x) = ,x>0
9

Type (III) : Long Answer Type Questions: [04 Mark Each]

1  x  
es
5. Solve the following for x : tan–1  =
1 – x  4 a ss
+ tan–1 x, 0 < x < 1.
l
C
TA

x 
6. Solve for x : cos–1x + sin–1   = .
GU P

2
  6

1 1 
7. Prove the following : 2tan–1 + tan–1 =
3 7 4

 –1 3 3 6
8. Prove the following : cos sin  cot –1  =
 5 2 5 13

Type (IV) : Very Long Answer Type Questions: [06 Mark Each]

9. If tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z = , prove that x + y + z = xyz.

1  4  1  5  1  16  
10. Prove that : sin   + sin   + sin   = .
5  13   65  2

2
11. Solve the following for x : tan–1 x + 2 cot–1 x =
3

x x 
12. Solve for x : tan–1 + tan–1 = ; 6 > x > 0.
2 3 4

1 2 1 4
13. Prove that : tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1 .
4 9 2 3

3 17 
14. Prove that : 2 tan–1 – tan–1 = .
4 31 4
  2x   1 – x2  
–1  
15. Solve for x : tan–1  2
 + cot  2x  = 3 , –1 < x < 1.
 1– x   

 8 
16. Solve for x : tan–1(x + 2) + tan–1(x – 2) = tan–1   ; x > 0.
 79 

17. Prove that : tan–1(1) + tan–1(2) + tan–1(3) = .

3 3  8  
18. Prove the following : tan–1   + tan–1   – tan–1   =
4 5  19  4

EXERCISE -1
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals

A-1. Find the simplified value of each of the following inverse trigonometric terms :

 3
es
a ss(ii)
 1
(i) sin–1    cos–1  
 2
C l 
 2 
TA

 2 
(iii) cosec–1    (iv) sec–1 (– 2)
3 
GU P

 1
(v) cos–1   
 2

A-2. Find the simplified value of the following expressions :

 1  1    1  1 
(i) sin   sin    (ii) tan cos 1  tan 1   
3  2   2  3 

  1  3 
(iii) sin–1 cos sin   

   2 


A-3. Draw the graph of the following functions :

(i) y = sin–1 (x + 1) (ii) y = cos–1 (3x)

(iii) y = tan–1 (2x – 1)

A-4. Solve the following inequalities :

(i) sin–1 x > – 1 (ii) cos–1 x < 2

(iii) cot–1 x < – 3

n

 i·
n
A-5_. (i) If  cos
i 1
1
i = 0, then find the value of
i 1
i
 2n 2n

(ii) If  sin 1
x i  n , then show that 
i 1
x i  2n
i 1

Section (B) : Trig. (trig–1x), trig–1 (trig x) trig (–x)

B-1. Evaluate the following expressions :

 1 3   1 1 
(i) sin  cos  (ii) tan  cos 
 5  3

 41   1 65 
(iii) cosec  sec 1 (iv) tan  cos ec 
 5   63 


 1 1   1 4 2
(v) sin   cos  (vi) cos  sin  cos 1 
6 4  5 3

       1
(vii) sec  tan tan 1     (viii) cos tan– 1 sin cot – 1  
  3   2
 

B-2. Evaluate the following inverse trigonometric expressions :

es
 7 
la ss(ii)  2 
(i) sin  sin 
C tan–1  tan 
–1

 6   3 
TA

 5   7 
(iii) cos–1  cos  (iv) sec–1  sec 
GU P

 4   4 

B-3. Find the value of the following inverse trigonometric expressions :

(i)_ sin–1 (sin 4) (ii) cos–1 (cos 10)
(iii) tan–1 (tan (– 6)) (iv) cot–1 (cot (– 10))
 1  9 9  
(v) cos–1   cos  sin  
 2  10 10  

B-4. Express sin–1 (sin ), cos–1 (cos ), tan–1 (tan ) and cot–1 (cot ) in terms of linear expression of  for
 3 
  , 3 
2 


Section (C) : Property " " , Addition and subtraction rule, miscellaneous formula ,
2
summation of series

C-1. Find the value of following expressions :

(i) cot (tan–1 a + cot–1 a)

(ii) sin (sin–1x + cos–1x) , | x |  1

 3 3 
(iii) tan cos 1    sin1    sec 1 3 
 4
  4
  

C-2. Prove that

 3  8  77
(i) sin–1   + sin–1   = sin–1
5 17
  85

4 12 33
(ii) cos–1 + cos–1 = cos–1
5 13 65

 1 
(iii) sin–1   + cot–1 3 = 

 5 4

 1  1  1  1 
(iv) tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   =
3 5 7 8 4

 1 1  2 x  1 
1 1  y
2 
C-3. Simplify tan  sin  2
  cos  2
 , if x > y > 1.

 2  1 x  2  1 y 

C-4. Find the value of sin–1 (cos(sin–1x)) + cos–1 (sin (cos –1x))

Section (D) : Inverse trigonometric function Equations

D-1. Solve for x

es
1 la ss(ii) 
(i) cos (2 sin x) =
–1
3 C cot–1 x + tan–1 3 =
2
TA

D-2. Solve the following equations :

GU P

 x 1  x 1  2
(i) tan–1   + tan–1   = (ii) sin–1x + sin–12x =
 x 2  x 2 4 3

D-3. Solve the following equations :

 1 x  1
(i) tan–1   = tan–1x , (x > 0)
 1  x  2

 1 
 – tan–1   = tan–1  1
1
(ii) 3tan–1    
2 3  x 3

PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

Section (A) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals

 3  1 
A-1. The value of sin–1   + sin–1   is equal to
 2   2
 

5 3
(A) 75° (B) 105° (C) (D)
12 5

A-2. Domain of f(x) = cos–1 x + cot–1 x + cosec–1 x is

(A) [– 1, 1] (B) R (C) (– ]  [1, ) (D) {– 1, 1}
A-3. Range of f(x) = sin–1 x + tan–1 x + sec–1 x is
   3    3    3 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D) none of these
4 4  4 4  4 4 

A-4. cosec–1 (cos x) is real if

(A) x  [– 1, 1] (B) x  R

(C) x is an odd multiple of (D) x is a multiple of 
2

A-5. If cos [tan  1 { sin (cot  1 3 )} ] = y, then

4 2 2 10
(A) y = (B) y = (C) y =  (D) y2 =
5 5 5 11

3
A-6*. If sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z = , then
2

9
(A) x 100 + y100 + z100 – =0 (B) x 22 + y42 + z62 – x 220 –y420 – z620 = 0
x101  y101  z101
es
la ss(D) x 2008
 y 2008  z 2008
(C) x50 + y25 + z5 = 0 C ( xyz )2009
0
TA
GU P

A-7*. If  satisfies the inequation x2 – x – 2 > 0, then a value exists for

(A) sin–1  (B) cos –1  (C) sec–1  (D) cosec–1 

Section (B) : Trig. (trig–1x), trig–1 (trig x), trig (–x)

B-1. If x2, then cos–1 (cosx) is equal to

(A) x (B)  – x (C) 2 + x (D) 2 – x

 1 1 
B-2. The numerical value of tan  2 tan   is
 5 4 

7 7 17 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) –
17 17 7 3

 1 4 2
B-3. The value of tan  cos  tan 1  is
 5 3

6 22 19 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
17 7 9 6

1 1 1 
B-4. The value of cos  cos  is
2 8

31 3 7 3
(A) – (B) (C) (D) –
32 4 4 4
 
Section (C) : Property " " , Addition and subtraction rule, miscellaneous formula ,
2
summation of series

2
C-1. If sin–1 x + sin–1 y = , then cos –1x + cos –1y is equal to
3

2  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
3 3 6

C-2. If x  0 and  = sin1x + cos1x  tan1x, then

 3    
(A)   (B) 0    (C) 0   < (D)   
2 4 4 2 4 2

 1
C-3. If x < 0 then value of tan–1(x) + tan–1   is equal to
x

 
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D) none of these
es
a ss
2 2

C l
 3  2 
The value of tan sin 1    tan 1   is
TA

C-4.
 5
   3 
GU P

6 7 5 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
17 16 7 6

C-5. tan–1 a + tan–1 b, where a > 0, b > 0, ab > 1, is equal to

 ab   ab   ab   ab 

(A) tan–1   (B) tan–1  1  ab  –  (C)  + tan–1   (D)  – tan–1  
 1  ab     1  ab   1  ab 

 1  1
C-6. tan–1   + tan–1   is equal to
2 3

  
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
4 2 3

3  5 
C-7. cos –1   + cos –1   is equal to
5  13 

 33   33   64 
(A) cos –1   (B) cos –1    (C) cos–1   (D) none of these
 65   65   65 

Section (D) : Inverse trigonometric function Equations

 3
D-1. The equation sin–1 x – cos–1x = cos–1   has :

 2 
(A) no solution (B) unique solution
(C) infinite number of solutions (D) none of these
  1 
D-2. If sin–1x + cot–1   = , then x is equal to
2 2

1 2 3
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
5 5 2

   3 
D-3. The solution of the equation sin1  tan   sin1    = 0 is
 4  x 6
 
(A) x = 2 (B) x =  4 (C) x = 4 (D) none of these

 17 
D-4*. If 6 sin–1  x 2 – 6x   = , then
 2 
(A) x = 1 (B) x = 2 (C) x = 3 (D) x = 4

PART - III : ASSERTION / REASONING

1.
es
STATEMENT-1 : If  are roots of 6x2 + 11x + 3 = 0 then cos– 1exist but not cos– 1().
la ss
STATEMENT-2 : Domain of cos– 1 x is [– 1, 1].
(A) C
STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
TA

(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
GU P

STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

2. STATEMENT-1 : tan2 (sec–1 2) + cot2 (cosec– 1 3) = 11.

STATEMENT-2 : tan2  + sec2  = 1 = cot2 + cosec2 
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

a b 
3. STATEMENT-1 : If a > 0, b > 0, tan– 1   + tan– 1   = .  x = ab .
x x 2

m nm 
STATEMENT-2 : If m, n  N, n  m, then tan– 1   + tan– 1   = .
n
   n  m  4
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false
EXERCISE -2
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Solve the following inequalities:
(i) cos 1 x > cos 1 x2
(ii) tan–1 x > cot –1 x.
(iii) arccot2 x  5 arccot x + 6 > 0

2. If X = cosec tan1 cos cot 1 sec sin1 a & Y = sec cot 1 sin tan1 cosec cos 1 a; where 0  a < 1. Find the
relation between X & Y. Express them in terms of 'a'.

3. Prove each of the following relations :

1 x 1
(i) tan–1 x = –  + cot–1 = sin–1 = – cos–1 when x < 0.
x 1 x 2
1 x2

1 1 x2 x
(ii) cos–1x = sec–1 =  – sin–1 1 x 2 = + tan–1 = cot –1 when – 1<x< 0
x x 1 x2

x 1 
If f(x) = cos–1x + cos–1   3  3 x 2  , then find the value of
es
a ss
4.
2 2 
C l
 2  1
(i) f   (ii) f   :
TA

3 3
GU P

5. If a sin–1 x – b cos–1 x = c, then find the value of a sin–1 x + b cos–1 x

6. Solve the following equation :

x x
sec 1  sec1 = sec1b  sec1a a  1; b  1, a  b .
a b

7. Find the number of values of x satisfying the equation sin2 (2 cos–1 (tan x)) = 1.

8. Find the sum of each of the following series :

1 1 1 1
(i) tan1 2 + tan1 2 + tan1 2 + tan1 2 ........ upto n terms.
x  x 1 x  3x  3 x  5x  7 x  7x  13

1 2 2n 1
(ii) tan1 + tan1 + ..... + tan1 + .....................upto infinite terms
3 9 1  2 2n1

1 2 1 n  n 1
(iii) sin1 + sin1 + ..... + sin1 + ............ upto infinite terms
2 6 n (n  1)

9. (i) Find all positive integral solutions of the equation, tan1 x + cot 1 y = tan1 3.
(ii) If 'k' be a positive integer, then show that the equation:
tan1 x + tan1 y = tan1 k has no nonzero integral solution.

10. If cos1x + cos1y + cos 1z = , where  1  x, y, z 1, then find the value of x2 + y2 + z2 + 2 x y z

11. Determine the integral values of 'k' for which the system, (tan –1 x) 2 + (cos –1 y) 2 =  2 k and

tan–1 x + cos–1 y = possess solution and find all the solutions.
2
 PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Single choice type

 1 1   1 1 
1. tan   cos x  + tan   cos x  , x  0 is equal to
4 2  4 2 

2 x
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x 2

 
2. The value of sin–1 [cos{cos–1 (cosx) + sin–1 (sin x)}], where x   ,   is
2 

   
(A) (B) (C) – (D) –
2 4 4 2

1  x2  1
3. If tan1 = 4°, then:
x
(A) x = tan 2° (B) x = tan 4° (C) x = tan (1/4)° (D) x = tan 8°

 1  sin x  1  sin x  
es
a ss
4. The value of cot 1   , where < x < , is:
 1  sin x  1  sin x 
C l 2

x  x x x
TA

(A)  (B) + (C) (D) 2 

2 2 2 2 2
GU P

5. The number of solution(s) of the equation, sin1x + cos1 (1  x) = sin1 ( x), is/are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2

 1 x 
6. The smallest and the largest values of tan–1   , 0  x  1 are
 1 x 

    
(A) 0,  (B) 0, (C) – , (D) ,
4 4 4 4 2
n 
7. If cot1 > , n  N, then the maximum value of ‘ n ‘ is:
 6
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) none of these

8. The complete solution set of the inequality [cot –1x]2 – 6 [cot–1 x] + 9  0, where [.] denotes greatest
integer function, is
(A) (– , cot 3] (B) [cot 3, cot 2] (C) [cot 3, ) (D) none of these

1  3 sin 2  
9. If sin1   = , then tan  is equal to
2  5  4 cos 2  4
(A) 1/3 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D)  1

10. The set of values of ‘x’ for which the formula 2 sin–1x = sin–1 (2x 1 x 2 ) is true, is

 3 3  1 1 
(A) (– 1, 0) (B) [0, 1] (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 2 2   2 2
11. The inequality sin– 1 (sin 5) > x2 – 4x holds for

(A) x  2 – 9  2 , 2  9  2  (B) x > 2 + 9  2
(C) x < 2 – 9  2 (D) None of these
12. The number of real solutions of equation 1 cos2x = 2 sin–1 (sin x),   x , is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

More than one choice type

1   14 
13. The value of cos  cos 1 cos    is:
 2   5 

 7    2  3

(A) cos    (B) sin   (C) cos   (D)  cos  
 5  10   5  5

14. sin–1 x > cos–1 x holds for

 1   1 
(A) all values of x (B) x   0 ,  (C) x   , 1 (D) x = 0.75
 2  2 

1  x2
15. If 0 < x < 1, then tan–1 is equal to:
1 x

1 1 x 1 x 1 1 x
(A) cos1 x (B) cos1 (C) sin1 (D) tan1
1 x
2 2
es 2 2
la ss
16. 1
If cos x = tan x, then1
C
 5  1  5  1
TA

(A) x 2 =  
 (B) x 2 =  

 2   2 
GU P

 5  1  5  1
(C) sin (cos1x) =   (D) tan (cos1x) =  

 2 
   2 

 4n
17.  tan 1
n  2n 2  2
4
is equal to:
n 1

(A) tan 1 2 + tan 1 3 (B) 4 tan 1 1 (C) /2 

(D) sec 1  2 
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
1. Match the column
Column -  Column - 
(A) Let a, b, c be three positive real numbers (p) 
a (a  b  c ) b (a  b  c ) c (a  b  c )
= tan– 1 + tan– 1 + tan– 1
bc ca ab
then equal

(B) The value of the expression (q) –
2

1 
tan 1  tan 2 A  + tan 1 (cot A) + tan 1 (cot 3A) for 0 < A < (/4)
2 

 2x 
(C) If x < – 1, then sin– 1   + 2 tan– 1 x (r) –
 1 x2 

3  12   16  
(D) The value of sin–1   – cos–1   + cos –1   (s)
5 13
   65  2
 PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension # 1

Let the domain and range of inverse circular functions are defined as follows
Domain Range

sin–1x [–1, 1]   3 
2, 2 
 
cos–1x [–1, 1] [0, ]
  3 
tan–1x R  , 
2 2 
cot–1x R (0, )
  3 
cosec–1x (–, –1]  [1, )  2 , 2  – {}
 


sec–1x (–, –1]  [1, ) [0, ] –  
2

3
1. sin–1x < then solution set of x is
4
es
 1   1  la ss  1 1 
(A)  , 1 (B)   ,  1 C (C)  ,  (D) none of these
 2   2   2 2
TA
GU P

2. sin–1x + cosec–1x at x = –1 is
(A)  (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) – 

3. If x  [–1, 1], then range of tan–1(–x) is

 3 7   3 5    
(A)  , , (D)  , 
4 
(B) 
4 
(C) [–, 0]
4 4  4 4
EXERCISE -3
PART - I : IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.


The number of real solutions of tan1 x (x  1) + sin1 x  x  1 =
2
1. is:
2
[IIT-JEE – 1999, Part-1, (2, 0), 80]
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) infinite

 x2 x3   2 x 4 x6 
2. 
If sin  x 
-1  
 ....... + cos  x 
-1  ....... =  for 0 < | x | < 2 , then x equals
2 4   2 4  2
 
[IITJEE-2001, Scr. (1, 0), 35]

(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) – 1/2 (D) –1

x 2 1
1 1
3. Prove that, cos tan sin cot x= . [IIT-JEE-2002, Main (5, 0), 60]
x 2 2

4. The value of x for which sin ( cot –1 (1 + x)) = cos (tan–1 x) is [IIT-JEE-2005, Scr. (3, –1), 84]
 (A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) – 1/2
5. Match the column [IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-2, (6, 0), 81]

Let (x, y) be such that sin–1 (ax) + cos–1 (y) + cos–1 (b xy) =
2
Column –  Column – 
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, then (x, y) (p) lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 1
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then (x, y) (q) lies on (x2 – 1) (y2 – 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, then (x, y) (r) lies on y = x
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, then (x, y) (s) lies on (4x2 – 1) (y2 – 1) = 0

6. If 0 < x < 1, then 1 x 2 [{x cos (cot x) + sin (cot x)} – 1] = [IIT-JEE 2008, Paper-1, (3, –1), 82]
–1 –1 2 1/2

x
(A) (B) x (C) x 1  x 2 (D) 1 x 2
1 x2
 1  sin   
   d
7. Let f() = sin  tan   , where – <  < . Then the value of
 
( f ()) is
  cos 2   4 4 d (tan )
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
 23  n 
8. The value of cot  cot –11 
   
2k   is [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
 n 1  k 1 
23 25 23 24
(A) (B) (C)
es(D)
a ss
25 23 24 23
9.
C l
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List - I List - II
TA

1/ 2
  cos (tan–1 y)  y sin(tan –1 y) 
2 
 1   y4 
GU P

 1 5
P  y 2  cot(sin –1 y)  tan(sin –1 y)   takes value 1.
    2 3

Q. If cos x + cos y + cox z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z then 2. 2

x–y
possible value of cos is
2

  1
R. If cos  – x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x = cos xsin 2x sec x + 3.
4  2

 
cos   x  cos 2x then possible value
 4 
of sec x is

S.
 –1 1 – x 2 
If cot  sin
  
 = sin tan–1 x 6 , x  0,   4. 1
then possible value of x is [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2

PART - II : AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

  1 2
1*. tan–1   + tan–1   is equal to - [AIEEE-2002]
4 9
1 3 1 3 1 3 1
(1) cos 1   (2) sin 1   (3) tan 1   (4) tan–1
2 5 2 5 2 5 2

2. cot–1  cos   – tan  cos   = x. then sin x is equal to -

–1
[AIEEE-2002]

  

(1) tan2   (2) cot2   (3) tan  (4) cot  
2 2 2

3. The Inverse trigonometric equation sin–1 x = 2 sin–1 , has a solution for [AIEEE-2003]
1 1 1 1
(1) – << (2) all real values of  (3) ||  (4) || 
2 2 2 2

y
4. If cos–1x – cos–1 = , then 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 is equal to- [AIEEE-2005]
2
(1) 2 sin 2 (2) 4 (3) 4sin2  (4) – 4 sin2 

x 5 
5. If sin–1   + cosec–1   = then a value of x is- [AIEEE-2007]
5
  4
  2
es
(1) 1 (2) 3
la ss
(3) 4 (4) 5

6.
 5 2
The value of cot  cos ec –1  tan –1  is
C [AIEEE-2008]
TA

 3 3
3 2 5 6
GU P

(1) (2) (3) (4)

17 17 17 17
7. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1x, tan–1y and tan–1z are also in A.P., then [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼),120]
(1) x = y = z (2) 2x = 3y = 6z (3) 6x = 3y = 2z (4) 6x = 4y = 3z

PART - III : CBSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. Find the principal value of cot–1 (– 3 ). [CBSE 2004, 2000]

1 
2. Prove the following : 3 cos–1 x = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x), x   , 1 . [CBSE 2004]
2 

1 – cos x
3. Write the following functions in the simplest form : tan–1 , 0 < x < . [CBSE 2005]
1  cos x

3 8 84
4. Show that sin–1 – sin–1 = cos–1 . [CBSE 2005]
5 17 85

12 4 63
5. Show that : sin–1 + cos–1 + tan–1 = . [CBSE 2005]
13 5 16

 a cos x – b sin x 
6. Simplify : tan–1   [CBSE 2006, 2005]
 b cos x  a sin x 

9 9  1 9  2 
7. Prove that : – sin–1   = sin–1  2  [CBSE 2007]
8 4 3
  4  3 
8. Write into the simplest form : cot–1( 1 x 2 – x). [CBSE 2007, 2003]


9. Solve for x : tan–1(2x) + tan–1(3x) = ;x>0 [CBSE 2009, 2008, 2006]
4

4  12   33 
10. Prove the following : cos–1   + cos–1   = cos–1   [CBSE 2010, 2009]
5
  13
   65 

 1– x  1
11. Solve for x : tan–1   – tan–1 x = 0, x > 0 [CBSE 2010, 2009, 2008]
 1 x  2

12. Find the value of sin–1  sin 4  . [CBSE 2010, 2008]

 5 

 1  1  1  1 
13. Prove the following : tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   = . [CBSE 2010, 2008]
3 5 7 8 4

 x –1  x 1 
14. Solve for x : tan–1   + tan–1   = [CBSE 2010, 2009, 2008, 2005]
 x – 2  x 2 4
es
la ss  3x – x 3 
15.
 2x 
Prove the following : tan–1 x + tan–1  
 1 – x2 
C
= tan –1 
 1 – 3x 2
 1
 , | x | < 3 . [CBSE 2010, 2001, 2000]
 
TA
GU P

1 x2
16. Prove the following : cos[tan–1{sin(cot–1x)}] = [CBSE 2010]
2  x2

1  1– x 
17. Prove that following : tan –1 x  cos –1  , x  (0, 1). [CBSE 2010]
2  1 x 

 1 –1 1
18. Find the value of the following : tan–1(1) + cos–1  –   sin  –  . [CBSE 2010, 2007]
 2   2 

 12  3  56 
19. Prove the following ; cos–1   + sin–1   = sin–1   [CBSE 2010]
 13  5  65 

 7 
20. Write the value of cos–1  cos . [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2009]
 6 

 1
21. Write the principal value of sin–1    . [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2008, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000]
 2

 1  sin x  1 – sin x  x
22. Prove the following cot–1   = , x   0 ,   [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2007, 2006]
 1  sin x – 1 – sin x  2  4

x x–y
23. Find the value of tan–1  y  – tan–1  x  y  [CBSE 2011]
   
  –1  1 
24. Write the value of sin  3 – sin  – 2  . [CBSE 2011, 2008]
  

 2   2 
25. What is the principle value of cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin  [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2008]
 3   3 

 1 x – 1– x   1 1
26. Prove that : tan–1   = – cos–1x, – x1 [CBSE 2011, 2010, 2006]
 1  x  1 – x  4 2 2

 1  1  31 
27. Prove the following : 2tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1   [CBSE 2011, 2009, 2008, 2006]
2 7  17 

 1  1  1 
28. Prove that : tan–1   + tan1   + tan1   = [CBSE 2011, 2008]
2
  5
  8
  4

 1
29. Using the principal values, evaluate the following : tan–1 1 + sin–1    [CBSE 2012, 2009]
 2

es
30.
l
Solve for x : 2 tan–1(cos x) = tan–1 (2 cosec x).a ss [CBSE 2012, 2009, 2006]
C
TA

 cos x   x   
31. Prove that tan–1   – , x  – ,  [CBSE 2012, 2002]
 1  sin x  4 2  2 2
GU P

 8  3  36 
32. Prove that sin–1   + sin–1   = cos–1  . [CBSE 2012, 2010]
 17  5  85 

 63   5  3
33. Prove that sin–1   = sin–1   + cos–1   [CBSE 2012, 2009, 2006]
 65   13  5

 1
34. Write the value of tan  2 tan–1  [CBSE 2013, 1]
 5 

 1
35. Write the principal value of tan–1 (1) + cos–1  –  . [CBSE 2013, 1]
 2

36. Find the value of the following : [CBSE 2013, 4]

1  –1 2x 1– y 2

tan 2 sin 2
 cos –1 ,
 1 x 1  y 2 
|x| < 1, y > 0 and xy < 1
or
 1  1  1 
tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   =
2 5 8 4
 ANSWERS

BOARD LEVEL SOLUTIONS 1 x – x  x2


1– x
=1
 2 1– x 1– x  x  x2
1. We have sec–1(–2) =  – sec–1(2) =  – =
3 3 1 x2
=1
2. tan –1
 
3 + cot (x) =

–1
2
1 x2
1 + x2 = 1 + x 2
1=1
 cot–1 x =

2
– tan–1  3  Equation has infinitely many solutions

x 
 cot–1x = cot–1 3  x = 3 6. We have cos–1x + sin–1   =
2 6
 1 
3. We have sin–1(x) + cos–1   = 
2 2 cos–1x = – sin–1x
6
  1
sin–1(x) = – cos–1    –1 x 
2 2  x = cos  – sin 
6 2
 1 1
sin–1x = sin–1   x=   x   –1 x 
2 2
ss es= cos 6 cos  sin –1
 + sin sin  sin 
a 2  2
Cl
6
4. The given equation is
 2 
 cos –1 1 – x   1 · x
TA

1 3
cos(2sin x) =–1
(x > 0) ...(i) x= cos  4  2 2
9 2  
GU P

Put : sin–1x =   x = sin

1 3 x2 x
x= 1– 
 Equation (i)  cos 2 = 2 4 4
9
1 x 3 x2
 1 – 2sin2 = x– = 1–
9 4 2 4
1 8
 2sin2 = 1 – = 3x 3 x2 9x 2 3  x 2 
9 9   1–   1–
4 2 4 16 4  4 
4 2
 x2 =  x= ( x > 0)
9 3 3x 2 x2 3x 2 x 2
 =1–   =1
4 4 4 4
1  x  
5. Here tan–1  = + tan–1x 4x 2
1 – x  4
 =1
4
1  x  
tan–1 1 – x  – tan–1 x =  x2 = 1  x = ±1 But x = 1
4
1 1
x–y 7. L.H.S. = 2tan–1 + tan–1
[ tan x – tan y = tan 3 7
1  xy ]
–1 –1 –1

 1
2 
 1 x  3 1  2x 
 1– x – x   = tan–1 + tan–1 [ 2tan–1x = tan–1  
2 ]
tan 
–1
 = 4  1
2 7  1– x 
1  1  x  x  1–  
 1 – x  3

1  x – x(1 – x )  2 
 
1– x   3  1
(1 – x )  x(1  x ) = tan 4 = tan  1  + tan–1
–1

 1–  7
1– x  9
 2 9 1 3 1 16 9 3
= tan–1    + tan–1 = tan–1 + tan–1  cos x = 1  sin 2 x = 1 = =
 3 8  7 4 7 25 25 5

 3 1   21  4  25 144 12
     and cos y = 1  sin2 y = 1 = =
4 7  = tan–1  28  169 169 13
= tan–1 
 1– 3 · 1   28 – 3   cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
   
 4 7  28 
3 12 4 5
 cos (x + y) = . – .
 25 28   5 13 5 13
= tan–1    = tan–1(1) =
 28 25  4 36 20
cos (x + y) = –
65 65
 –1 3 3
8. Consider L.H.S. = cos  sin  cot –1  16
 5 2 cos (x + y) =
65
3 3
Let  = sin–1 and  = cot–1  16 
5 2  (x + y) = cos–1  
 65 
3 3
 sin = and cot = 4  5   16 
5 2 
sin–1   + sin–1   = – sin–1  
5  13  2  65 

4  5   16  
ss es sin –1   + sin–1   + sin–1   =
a 5  13   65  2
Cl 2
11. tan–1 x + 2 cot–1 x =
TA

3
GU P

1 2
tan–1 x + 2 tan–1 =
x 3

 
 2. 1 
 x  2
tan–1 x + tan–1  2 =
3
1   1  
4 2 3
cos = , sin = , cos =   x  
5 13 13
L.H.S.= cos( + ) = cos  cos  – sin  sin   2 
 
4 3 3 2 12 – 6 6  x  = 2
=5 –    = R.H.S. tan–1 x + tan–1
 x2  1 3
13 5 13 5 13 5 13
 2 
9. We have tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z =   x 
tan–1 x + tan–1 y =  – tan–1 z
2x 2
xy tan–1 x + tan–1 =
tan–1 –1 x2  1 3
1  xy = tan z
[ tan–1 (–) =  – tan–1 ]  2x 
 x 2  2
xy  x 1 
tan–1 =
1  x. 2  3
1  xy = –z  2 
x 1
x + y = –z + xyz
x + y + z = xyz  x 3  x  2x  2
tan–1  2 2 =
 x  1  2x  3
4 4
10. Let x = sin–1  sin x =
5 5  x3  x  2  x( x 2  1) 
  –1  
 tan–1  2  =  tan 2
5 5   x  1 3   ( x  1) 
and y = sin–1  sin y =
13 13
2
=
3
 2  
 tan–1 (–x) =  3/2 
3  17 
= tan 
–1  – tan–1  
2  9   31 
 1– 
 –x = tan  –x = – 3  x= 3  16 
3
 24   17 
x x x = tan–1   – tan–1  
12. We have tan–1 + tan–1 =  7   31 
2 3 4

 x x   24 17 
 –  24  31 – 17  7 
 23   = tan–1  7 31  = tan–1  
 tan–1  x x
 =  24 17   7  31  24  17 
1 – ·  4  1 · 
 2 3   7 31 

3 x  2x  744 – 119   625  

= tan–1   = tan–1   = tan–1(1) =
6  5x  217  408   625  4
 = tan  =1
6–x 2 4 6 – x2 = R.H.S.
6 15. The given equation is
 5x = 6 – x2  x2 – 5x + 6 = 0  2x   2x  
 (x – 1) (x + 6) = 0  x = 1, x = – 6 tan–1  2
 + tan–1  2
 = , –1 < x < 1
As x > 0 x=1  1– x   1– x  3

es
a ss  tan
1 2 1 4  2x   2x  
  + cot–1   =
l
–1
13. To prove : tan–1 + tan–1 = tan
an–1 2
 1– x 
2
 1– x  3
4 9 2 3
C
 –1 1 
TA

 –1 1 2 4
 cot x  tan x 
–1
 2  tan  tan –1  = tan–1
 4 9 3  
GU P

 –1 1 2  2x  
Now L.H.S. = 2  tan  tan –1   tan–1  2
 =
 4 9   1– x  6

2x  1
 1 2   = tan 6 
   2
3
1– x
 4 9  17
= 2tan 
–1
1 2  = 2tan–1
 1 –   34  2 3 x = 1 – x2
 4 9
 x2 + 2 3 x – 1 = 0
1 1 1
= 2tan–1 = tan–1 + tan–1
2 2 2 – 2 3  12  4
x= = – 3 +2
2
 1 1 
   = 2 – 3 (Reject – 3 – 2 as –1 < x < 1)
 2 2  4
= tan –1
 1 1  = tan–1 = R.H.S.
 1 –   3
 2 2  8 
16. We have tan–1(x + 2) + tan–1(x – 2) = tan–1  
 79 
3  17 
14. L.H.S. = 2tan–1   – tan–1    ( x  2)  ( x – 2)   8 
4  31   tan–1   = tan–1  
1 – ( x  2)( x – 2)   79 
3 3  17 
= tan–1   + tan–1   – tan–1   2x 8 2x 8
4 4  31   2 =  2 =
1 – ( x – 4) 79 1– x  4 79
 3 3  x 4
  
 4 4   17   =  79x = 20 – 4x2
5 – x2 79
= tan 
–1
3 3  – tan–1  31 
 1– ·     4x2 + 79x – 20 = 0
 4 4
 4x2 + 80x – x – 20 = 0
 4x (x + 20) – 1 (x + 20) = 0
 (x + 20) (4x – 1) = 0
  x = – 20 or x =
1 EXERCISE # 1
4
PART - I
1
Since x > 0  x =
4 Section (A) :
17. L.H.L. = tan–1 + tan–12 + tan–13
      3
=  – cot–1 2 + – cot–13 A-1. (i) – (ii) (iiii) – (iv)
4 2 2 6 6 3 4
  2  2 1 1 2
= – tan–1 – tan–1 (v)
4 2 3 3

5  –1 1 –1 1  5 1 
=
4
– tan 2 – tan 3  =
4
– tan – A-2. (i) 1 (ii) (iii)
  3 6

 1 1 
  
 2 3 
1
 1 1
 1– · 
 2 3

5 5  4 A-3. (i) (ii)

= – tan–1(1) = – = =  = R.H.S.
4 4 4 4
es
la ss
18. L.H.S. = tan–1
3 3  8 
  + tan–1   – tan–1  
4 5
C
 19 
TA

 3 3 
GU P

 45   8 
= tan–1   – tan–1  
1 – 3 · 3   19  (iii)
 4 5 

 15  12 
 20 
 – tan–1  
8 A-4. (i) – sin 1 < x  1 (ii) cos2 < x  1
= tan–1 
 1– 9   19  (iii) no solution
 20 
 n  1
 27 20   8  A-5_. (i) n  
= tan –1
 20  11  – tan–1  19   2 
   
Section (B) :
 27 8 
27 8  11 – 19  4 41 63
= tan–1 – tan–1 = tan–1   B-1. (i) (ii) 2 2 (iii) (iv)
11 19 1  27 · 8  5 4 16
 11 19 
1 3 5 64 5
(v) (vi)
 513 – 88  8 15
 209   425 209 
= tan–1  209  216  = tan–1    5
   209 425  (vii) 2 (viii)
 209  3

   3 
= tan–1(1) = B-2. (i) – (ii) – (iii) (iv)
4 6 3 4 4
B-3. (i) –4 (ii) 4 – 10 (iii) 2 – 6
17
(iv) 4 – 10 (v)
20
 Section (D) :
 3 5
  2 , 2

2 ;
B-4. sin (sin ) = 
–1
D-1. (B) D-2. (B) D-3. (C) D-4*. (BD)
5
 3   ,    3
 2
 3 PART - II
2   ,    2
cos–1 (cos ) =  2 ;
   2 , 2    3  1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B)


 3 5 EXERCISE # 2
  2 , 2    2

tan–1 (tan ) =  5 ; PART - I
  3 ,    3
 2
1. (i) [ 1, 0) (ii) x > 1
 3 (iii) (  cot 3) U (cot 2, )
  ,    2
cot–1 (cot ) =  2
  2 , 2    3  1 
2. X = Y = 3a 2 4. (i) (ii) 2 cos–1 –
3 3 3
Section (C) :
1 ab  c (a  b)
C-1. (i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) 5. 6. x = ab 7. Infinite
2 2 ab
es
1  xy  la ss8. (i) tan  
C-3. xy C-4.
2 C –1
(x + n)  tan–1 x (ii)
4
(iii)
2
TA

Section (D) : 9. (i) Two solutions (1, 2) (2, 7)

GU P

1 10. 1
D-1. (i) ± (ii) x = 3
3
 
1 1 11. k = 1, x = tan (1 – 7) , y = cos ( 7 + 1)
D-2. (i) ± (ii) x = 4 4
2 2
PART - II
1
D-3. (i) x = (ii) x = 2
3 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (B)

PART - II 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (D) 11. (A) 12. (B)

Section (A) : 13. (BCD) 14. (CD) 15. (ABC)

16. (AC) 17. (AD)

A-1. (B) A-2. (D) A-3. (C) A-4. (D)
PART - III
A-5. (B) A-6*. (AB) A-7*. (CD)
1. (A)  (p), (B)  (p), (C) (r), (D) (s)
Section (B) : PART - IV
B-1. (D) B-2. (A) B-3. (D) B-4. (B) 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B)

Section (C) :

C-1. (B) C-2. (D) C-3. (B) C-4. (D)

C-5. (C) C-6. (A) C-7. (B)

  cos(x – y) = cosx cosy + sinx siny
EXERCISE # 3
4 15 3 8 60 24
cos(x – y) = ·  · = +
PART - I 5 17 5 17 85 85
1. (C) 2. (B) 4. (D) 84
cos(x – y) =
5. (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (p), (D)  (s) 85
6. (C) 7. 1 8. (B) 9. (B) 84
x – y = cos–1
PART - II 85
3 8 84
1. (1,4)2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (3) 5. (2) 6. (4) 7. (1)  sin–1 – sin–1 = cos–1
5 17 85
PART - III 12 4 63
5. Let sin–1 = x, cos–1 =y, and tan
an–1 =z
13 5 16
1. Let x = cot–1 (– 3 )
12 4 63
 Then sinx = , cosy = and tanz =
cot x = – 3  cot x = –cot 13 5 16
3
12
  consider sinx =
13
cot x = cot     [ cot ( – ) = –cot ]
 3 In rt ABC, we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
2 2 169 = AB2 + 144
cot x = cot x =
3 3  AB = 5
es
 principal value of cot–1 (– 3 ) is
2
. la ss 5 12
3 C  cos x =
13
and tan x =
5
2. RHS = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x)
TA

4 3 3
Put x = cos   = cos–1 x Similarly when cosy= then sin y= and tan y =
5 5 4
GU P

 RHS = cos–1 (4 cos3  – 3 cos ) We have

= cos–1 cos3  = 3
RHS = 3 cos–1 x 12 3
tan x  tan y 
 RHS = LHS 5 4
tan (x + y) = = 12 3
1 – tan x tan y
1– 
1 – cos x 5 4
3. Let y = tan–1  48  15 
1  cos x  20 
tan(x + y) =  20 – 36 
x
2 sin2  20 
2
y = tan–1 –1
x = tan |tan x/2| 63 20 –63
2 cos 2 tan(x + y) =  = = – tanz
2 20 – 16 16
 tan(x + y) = tan( – z)
 x  x+y=–z
 0  2  2  x+y+z=
 
12 4 63
3 8  sin–1 + cos–1 + tan–1 =
13 5 16
4. Let sin–1 = x and sin–1 =y
5 17  a cos x – b sin x 
6. Let y = tan–1  
3 8  b cos x  a sin x 
 sinx = siny =
5 17
 a cos x b sin x  a 
Now cos x cos y  b cos x – b cos x   b – tan x 
 1 – sin2 x 1 – sin2 y = tan–1  b cos x a sin x  = tan–1  a 
 1  tan x 
2 2  b cos x a cos x   b 
3  8 
 1–   1–   a
5  17  = tan–1 – tan–1 (tan x)
b
 9   64 
 1–   1–  
 25   289   –1 x – y  
 tan    tan –1 x – tan –1 y 
16 4 225 15   1  xy  
  
25 5 289 17 a
= tan–1 – x
b
 9 9  1 5x  5x
7. L.H.S. – sin–1   = tan  =1
8 4 3 1 – 6x2 4 1 – 6x2
5x = 1 – 6x2  6x2 + 6x – x – 1 = 0
9  –1 1   9  1 6x2 + 6x – x – 1 = 0
= 4  2 – sin  3  = cos–1   6x (x + 1) – 1 (x + 1) = 0
   4 3
1
  x = – 1, or x =
 sin x  cos x  2 
–1 –1
6
  Since x = –1 does not satisfy the equation as the
L.H.S. of equation becomes negative.
2
9  1 1
= sin–1 1 –   Hence x = is the required solution.
4 3 6

[ cos–1x = sin–1 1 – x 2 for 0  x  1] 4 4

10. Let x = cos–1  cos x =
5 5
9 1 9 8 9  2 

= sin–1 1– = sin–1 = sin–1  2 3  16 9 3
4 9 4 9 4    sin x = 1 – cos 2 x = 1– = =
25 25 5
8. Let y = cot–1( 1 x 2 – x) 12 12
Let x = tan   = tan–1x and y = cos–1  cos y =
13 13
y = cot–1 ( 1  tan 2  – tan)
144 25 5
y = cot–1 (sec – tan)
ss es sin y = 1 – cos y = 1 – 169 =2 =
a
Cl
169 13
 1 sin   cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
y = cot–1  – 
 cos  cos  
TA

4 12 3 5 48 15 33
= · – ·  – 
5 13 5 13 65 65 65
GU P

 1 – sin  
y = cot–1  
 33 
 cos  
 x + y = cos–1  
 65 
  
1 – cos 2 –    4  12   33 
   Hence cos–1   + cos–1   = cos–1  
5
  13
   65 
y = cot–1    
 sin 2 –   
     1– x  1
11. Given Equation is tan–1   – tan–1 x = 0 ; x > 0
 1 x  2
     1– x  2x
 2 sin2  –   2tan–1   = tan–1x [ 2tan–1 x = tan–1 ]
4 2  1 x  1– x2
–1  
y = cot       
 2 sin –  cos –  
 4 2  4 2    1– x    1– x 
 2   2 
  1  x    1 x 
  tan–1  2 = tan–1
x  =x
y = cot–1tan  –  (1 – x )2
4 2 1 –  1 – x   1–
  1  x   (1  x )2
      1– x 
y = cot–1 cot  –    y =  2 
2(1 – x )
 2 4 2  4 2 =  1 x  =x
2
(1  x ) – (1 – x ) 2 (1  x )
 1
 y=  tan–1x (1  x )2
4 2

 (1  x )2
9. We have , tan 2x + tan 3x =
–1 –1 × =x
4 1  x 2  2x – 1 – x 2  2x

 2x  3 x  2(1 – x )(1  x )
tan–1   =  =x
 1 – 2 x · 3 x  4 4x
2x2 = (1 – x) (1 + x)  2x2 = 1 – x2
 –1 x  y 
 tan x  tan y  tan
–1 –1 1
 1
 1 – xy  x2 = x=±
3 3
  4   2x 
12. We have sin–1  sin  15. L.H.S. = tan–1x + tan–1  
 5   1 – x2 

   2x 
      x  1– x2 
= sin–1 sin  – 5  = sin–1  sin  = = tan 
–1

    5  5
 1 – x 2x 
 xy   1– x2 
13.  tan–1x + tan–1y = tan–1  1 – xy   x – x 3  2x 
   2   3x – x 3 
–1 
= tan–1  1 – x  = tan 2  = R.H.S.
1 1 1 1  1 – x – 2x 2
2   1 – 3 x 
L.H.S. = tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1  
5 7 3 8  1– x2 

 1 1   1 1  16. L.H.S. = cos[tan–1 sin(cot–1x)]

 57   38  Put cot–1x = t  cot t = x
= tan 
–1
 + tan 
–1
  cosec2t = 1 + cot2t
1 – 1 . 1  1 – 1 . 1 
 5 7   3 8  cosec t = 1 x 2
1
 75   83   sin t =
1 x2
 35   24 
  + tan–1    –1 1 
= tan–1  1  1 – 1 
1–  L.H.S. = cos[tan–1 sin t] = cos tan 
 35   24   1  x 2 
es
 12 
= tan–1 
 11 
 + tan–1 
 6   11 
 = tan–1   + tan–1  la ss Let tan–1
1
=z  tan z =
1
 34   23   17  C
 23  1 x 2
1 x2
TA

 6 11   138  187  1 2  x2
 sec2z = 1 + tan2 z = 1 + 2 =
 17  23   17  23 
GU P

1 x 1 x2

= tan–1 
  
6 11  = tan–1  66 
1– . 1– 2  x2 1 x2
 17 23   17  23 
sec z =  cos z =
1 x2 2  x2
 325  
= tan–1   = tan–1 (1) = = R.H.S. 1 x 2
 325  4 Hence L.H.S. = cos z = = R.H.S.
2  x2
14. We have,  1– x 
1
17. R.H.S. = cos–1  
 x 1  1  x  1   2  1 x 
tan 1   + tan   =
 x 2  x 2 4 Put x = tan2 tan = x
 x 1 x 1    = tan–1 x

1   
tan  x  2 x  2  = 1
1  x  1 x  1  4 R.H.S. = (2) =  = tan–1 x
. 2
 x  2 x  2 
 1 –1 1
 ( x  1) ( x  2)  ( x  1) ( x  2)  18. Here tan–1(1) + cos–1  –   sin  –  .
 2   2 
 ( x  2) ( x  2) 
  = tan 
 ( x  2) ( x  2)  ( x  1) ( x  1)  4    –1 1 –1 1 
 ( x  2) ( x  2)  = tan–1  tan  + cos  – 2   sin  – 2 
 4     

x2  x  2  x2  x  2       –1 1  –1 1 
=1  tan 4  1 = tan–1  tan 4   cos  – 2   sin  – 2 
2
x  4  x 12         

2x 2  4    
 sin x  cos x  2 
–1 –1
= 1  2x2 – 4 = –3 = 
3 4 2  
2x2 = –3 + 4 = 1  2x2 = 1
  2 3
1 1 = =
x =
2
x=± 4 4
2 2
 12 12  x
19. Let x = cos–1  cos x =
13 13  2 cos 2  x x
= cot–1   = cot–1 · cot = = R.H.S.
144 25 5  2 sin x  2 2
 sin x = 1–  2 
1 – cos 2 x = 169
=
169
=
13

3 3 x x–y
and let y = sin–1  sin y = 23. L.H.S. = tan–1  y  – tan–1  x  y 
5 5    

9 16 4  –1  x – y  
 tan x – tan y  tan 
1– –1 –1
 cos y = 1 – sin 2 y = = = 
25 25 5  1  xy 

sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
 x x – y 
5 4 12 3 20 36 56  –  
= ·  · =
13 5 13 5
 
65 65 65  y x  y 
= tan–1  x  x – y 
1   
56  y  x  y  
 x + y = sin–1
65
 x 2  xy – xy  y 2 /( x  y )y 
12 3 56 = tan–1  2 2 
Hence, cos–1 + sin–1 = sin–1  xy  y  x – xy /( x  y )y 
13 5 65
 x2  y2   
 7 
= tan–1  2 2  = tan 1 = tan · tan =
es
–1 –1
20. We have cos  cos .
a ss
–1
 6   x  y  4 4

C l  1    
  5   5 5 –1  –1
= cos–1 cos  2 – 6  = cos–1 · cos = 24. sin  3 – sin  – 2  = sin  3 – sin  – sin 6  
TA

    6 6      
GU P

21. Since sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1 x   3 

= sin    = sin = sin = 1
 1 3 6 6 2
 The principal value of sin–1   
 2
 1   2   2 
= – sin–1   = – . 25. cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin 
2 6  3   3 

          
(The principal value of sin–1 x must lie in  ,  ). = cos–1 cos  –  + sin–1 sin  – 
 2 2   3    3 

 1  sin x  1 – sin x     
22. L.H.S. = cot–1   = cos–1  – cos  + sin–1 sin 
 1  sin x – 1 – sin x   3   3
[ ( – x) = – cosx and sin( – x) = sinx]
 
 sin 2 x  cos 2 x x x x
 2 sin cos  cos 2  sin 2
x x
– 2 sin cos
x 

= cot–1 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 
     
 sin 2 x  cos 2 x x x x
 2 sin cos – sin 2  cos 2
x x
– 2 sin cos
x

=  – cos–1  cos  + =–  =
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2   3 3 3 3

 2x x   1 x – 1– x 
x 2 x
 sin  cos  = 1 and sin x  2 sin 2 ·cos 2  26. LHS = tan–1  
 2 2    1  x  1 – x 
3
 2 2  Let cos–1x = , so that x = cosand 0   
  x x  x x  4
  sin  cos    cos – sin  
 2 2   2 2   1 x – 1– x 
   
 tan–1  
= cot 
–1
2 2   1 x  1– x 
  x x  x x 
  sin  cos  –  cos – sin    1  cos  – 1 – cos  
  2 2   2 2    
= tan–1  
 1  cos   1 – cos  
 x x x x
 sin 2  cos 2  cos 2 – sin 2    
 2 cos 2 – 2 sin 2 
= cot–1  x x x x

sin  cos – cos  sin  = tan–1  
 2 2 2 2   2 cos   2 sin  
 2 2
 ( 1 + cos = 2cos2(/2) and 1 – cos = 2sin2(/2))
 52 
     1  7 10  1
 cos 2 – sin 2  = tan–1  10  + tan–1 = tan–1    + tan–1
10 – 1 8  10 9  8
= tan–1    
 cos   sin    10 
 2 2  7 1 
7 1  98 
Inside the bracket divide numerator and denomerator –1  
= tan –1
+ tan –1
= tan

9 8 1 – 7  1 
by cos .  9 8 
2

   56  9 
1 – tan 2   72 
 65 72  
= tan–1        = tan  72 – 7  = tan–1  
–1 
 = tan–1(1) =
 1  tan   = tan   4 2 
–1
tan –  72 65  4
 2  72 

 1
   0    3     –   –   29. We have tan–1 1 + sin–1   
= –    2
4 2  4 4 4 2 4

 1   1   3   2 
= – cos–1x = RHS = – sin–1    = – = =
4 2 4  2  4 6 12 12
30. We have 2 tan–1(cosx) = tan–1 (2cosec x)
1 1
27. L.H.S. = 2tan–1 + tan–1
es 2 tan
a ss
2 7 –1 2x 
x  tan –1
 –1 2 x  C l 

1– x2 
 2 tan x  tan
–1

 1 – x2 
TA

 2 cos x 
 tan–1  2
 = tan–1 (2cosec x)
 1 – cos x 
GU P

1
2.
2 1 1 1 2 cos x 2
= tan–1
2 + tan
–1
= tan–1 + tan–1 =
 1 7 1 7
1– sin2 x sin x
1–   4
2
  2sin2x = 2sinx cosx
2sin2x – 2sinxcosx = 0
 4 1  2sinx(sinx – cosx) = 0
4 1  37   sinx = 0 or sinx – cosx = 0
= tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1    sinx = sin0 or sinx = cosx
3 7 1 – 4 · 1 
 3 7  
 x = 0 or tanx = 1 = tan
4
 –1 x  y 
 tan x  tan y  tan
–1 –1

1 – xy 

  x = 0 or x =
4
 28  3 
 21     
 31 21   sin 2 – x  
= tan–1  21 – 4  = tan–1     cos x 
  = tan–1


  

   21 17  31. tan–1
 21   1  sin x  
1  cos – x  

 2  
31
= tan–1 = R.H.S.
17   x   x 
 sin 4 – 2  cos 4 – 2  
 1  1  1     
28. L.H.S. tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   = tan–1  

2 5 8   x  
2 cos2  – 
 4 2 
 1 1 
    1    x   x
= tan  2 5  + tan–1  
–1
= tan–1 tan –  = –
8
1 – 1  1    4 2  4 2
 2 5 
 –1 x  y 
 tan x  tan y  tan
–1 –1

 1 – xy 
  8  3  – 1
32. sin–1   + sin–1   35. tan–1 (1) + cos–1  
17
  5  2 

8 9 3 64   2 3  8 11
= sin–1  1–  1–  =  = =
4 3 12 12
17 25 5 289 

 8 4 3 15   32  45 
= sin–1      = sin-1   1  –1 2 x  
–1 1 – y
2 
 ,
17 5 5 17   85  36. tan sin    cos
2  2
 1 x   1 y2 
 
 77 
= sin-1   1
 85  = tan [2tan–1 x + 2tan–1 y] = tan(tan–1 x + tan–1 y)
2
2
 77   –1 x  y   x  y
= cos–1 1–   [sin–1x cos–1 1 – x2 ] = tan tan  1 – xy    1 – xy
 85    
OR
7225 – 5929 1296  36 
= cos –1
= cos–1 = cos–1  
 1  1  1
(85 )2 (85 )2  85 
L.H.S. = tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1  
2
  5
  8
 5  3
33. Consider, R.H.S. = sin–1   + cos–1    1 1 
13
  5   
 2 5   tan –1 
1
es
 5  4
la ss = tan–1  1– 1  1 
 
8
 
= sin   + sin–1   [ cos–1x = sin–1 1 – x 2 ]
–1
 13  5 C  2 5
TA

5 16 4 25   7 
 
= sin–1 13 1 – 25  5 1 – 169 
GU P

 10   1
  = tan–1  1 – 1  + tan  8 
–1
 
 2 2
 10 
[sin–1x + sin–1y = sin–1  x 1 – y  y 1 – x  ]
 
7  1
= tan–1   + tan–1  
 5 3 4 12   63  9 8
= sin–1      = sin–1   = L.H.S.
 13 5 5 13   65 
 7 1   65 
2x     
34. Since 2 tan–1 x = tan–1 for |x| < 1  9 8   72 
1– x2 = tan–1  1 – 7 . 1  = tan
–1
 65  = tan–1 (1)
   
 9 8  72 
 
 1   2 
 2 5      
 1   5  = tan–1  tan  = = R.H.S.
2  4 4
so, 2 tan–1   = tan–1   1   = tan
–1
 24 
5 1 –    
   25 
 5 

 5 
= tan–1  
 12 

 –1 5  5
 tan  tan  =
 12  12
 PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Single choice type
 x2 y2   x y 
1. sin–1    + cos–1   – 2  equals to :
 4 9  2 2 3 2 

  3
(A) (B)  (C) (D)
2 2 2

1 3
2. If a = +i and z = x + iy, then sin–1 |z|2 + cos–1 (a z  a z – 2) equals to :
4 4
  3
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
4 2 2
Comprehension # 1 (Q.3 to 5)

(i) For any angle  , there is an integer n such that

es
 la ss  

sin–1 (sin ) = 
 – 2n if C 2n –    2n 
2 2
 
TA

(2n  1) –  if (2n  1) –    (2n  1)  

 2 2
GU P

 – 2n if 2n    ( 2n  1)

and cos–1 (cos ) = 
2n –  if (2n – 1)    2n
  
(ii) When   p + , p  , we have tan–1 (tan ) =  – n if n – <  < n +
2 2 2
(iii) When   p , p  , we have cot–1 (cot ) =  – n if n <  < n + 

Read the above passage and answer the following

3. sin–1(sin 100) + cos–1(cos 100) + tan–1(tan 100) + cot–1(cot 100) equals to :

(A) 100 – 31 (B) 100 – 32 (C) 200 – 63 (D) 200 – 32

 15  
4. if    , 8   , then sin–1 (sin ) + cos–1 (cos ) equals to :
 2 
(A) 0 (B) 2 – 16 (C) 16 (D) 2

 15  
5. If   7 ,  , then sin–1 (sin ) + cos–1 (cos ) + tan–1 (tan ) + cot–1 (cot ) equals to :
 2 
(A) 0 (B)  (C) 7 –  (D) 7 + 

Comprehension # 2 (Q.6 to 10)

–  – 2 tan –1 x if x  –1
2x 
sin –1
2 = 
2 tan –1 x if –1 x  1
1 x   – 2 tan –1 x if x 1


1– x2  2 tan –1 x if x  0
cos –1
=  –1
1  x 2 – 2 tan x if x  0
    2 tan –1 x if x  –1
2x  –1
and tan–1
=  2 tan x if – 1 x  1
1 x2  –1
–   2 tan x if x 1

Using the above information solve each of the following
2x 1– x2 2x 
6. If 0 < x < 1, then number of solutions of 3sin–1 2 – 4 cos–1 2 + 2 tan–1 2 = is
1 x 1 x 1 x 3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
2x 1– x2 2x
7. If 0 < x < 1, then number of solutions of 3sin–1 2 – 4 cos–1 + 2 tan–1 = – 2is
1 x 1 x 2 1 x2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

2x 1– x2 2x
8. If 0 < x < 1, then number of solutions of 3sin–1 2 – 4 cos–1 + 2 tan–1 = –is
1 x 1 x 2 1 x2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

2x 1– x2 2x
9. If –1 < x < 0, then number of solutions of 3sin–1 2 – 4 cos–1 + 2 tan–1 = is
1 x 1 x 2 1 x2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
s es
10. If x > 1, then number of solutions of 3sin–1 la2xs – 4 cos
C1  x 2
–1
1– x2
+ 2 tan–1
2x
= – is
1 x 2
1 x2
TA

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

GU P

Comprehension # 3 (Q. NO. 11 to 13)

 3   3 
  , 
2

2     ,  2     2
     
tan (tan ) =  
–1 ,  
2 2 , sin (sin ) =
–1   ,  
2 2 ,
 
    ,  3   ,  3 
 
 2 2  2 2

  ,   0

cos (cos ) =  
–1 , 0
2   ,     2

Based on the above results, answer each of the following :
11. cos–1 x is equal to

(A) sin–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 1 (B) –sin–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 0

(C) sin–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 0 (D) sin–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1

12. sin–1 x is equal to

(A) cos–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 0 (B) cos–1 1 x 2 if –1 < x < 1

(C) cos–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1 (D) –cos–1 1 x 2 if 0 < x < 1

13. cos–1 x is equal to

1 x2 1 x2
(A) –tan–1 if –1 < x < 0 (B) tan–1 if –1 < x < 0
x x
 1 x2 1 x2
(C) –tan–1 if 0 < x < 1 (D)  + tan–1 if –1 < x < 0
x x
More than one choice type
2x
14. tan–1x + tan–1 equals to :
1– x2
(A)  + 3 tan–1x if x < – 1 (B)  – 3 tan–1x if x > 1
(C) 3 tan–1x if – 1 < x < 0 (D) – + 3 tan–1x if 0 < x < 1

15. If sin–1 x + 2 cot–1 (y2 – 2y) = 2 , then

(A) x + y = y2 (B) x2 = x + y (C) y = y2 (D) x2 – x + y = y2

PART - II : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Find the sum of all the solutions of cot–1 (x – 2) + cot–1 (3 – x) = cot–1 (x – 12).

2
2. If cos  = , where   [31, 32 ], then find the value of .
3

1
3. If x < 0, then prove that cot–1x =  + tan–1
x
es
4. Express cot (cosec–1x) as an algebraic function of x.la ss
C x 1– x2
TA

5. Express sin–1x in terms of (i) cos–1 1 – x 2 (ii) tan–1 2 (iii) cot–1

1– x x
GU P

 1 x   2 
6. If  = 2 tan–1   &  = sin–1  1  x  for 0 < x < 1, then prove that + =. What the value of
 1 x   1 x2 
 
 +  will be if x > 1 ?

 
cos1 sin x    7 
7. If f(x) = e  3
then the value of f    is
 4 

8. Solve {cos–1 x} + [tan–1 x] = 0 for real values of x. Where { . } and [ . ] are fractional part and greatest integer
functions respectively.

9. Find the set of all real values of x satisfying the inequality sec–1x > tan–1x.

 –1  2 2 
 cos  xy – 1 – x 1 – y  if x  y  0
10. Prove that cos x + cos y = 
–1 –1
.
2 – cos –1 xy – 1 – x 2 1 – y 2  if x  y  0
  

11. By substituting x = cos, 0 <  < , express sin–1 2x 1 x 2 in terms of sin–1x

2x 3x – x 3
12. Express tan–1x + tan–1 in terms of tan–1
1– x2 1 – 3x 2
xy  1
13. If y – x < 0, then prove that cot–1x – cot–1y = –  + cot–1 y  x .

x x 1 1
14. Find the solution of sin 1  sin 1  sin 1 is equal to
1 x x 1 1 x
 PART - I
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (A)

8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (AC)

15. (CD)

PART - II

 – x 2 – 1 if x  –1
2
1. 4 2. 32  – cos–1 4. cot (cosec–1x) = 
3  x 2 – 1 if x  1

 – cos –1 1 – x 2 , if – 1  x  0
5. (i) sin–1x = 
 cos –1 1 – x 2 if 0  x  1

ss es
x la
(ii) sin–1x = tan–1
1– x2
C(–1, 1)
, for all x 
TA


GU P

2
cot –1 1 – x –  if – 1  x  0
 x
(iii) sin–1x = 
 2 if 0  x  1
 cot –1 1 – x
 x

6. – 7. e/12 8. {1, cos 1} 9. {x : x  (–, –1)}

 1 1
   2 sin x if  x 1
 2
 1 1 1
11. sin–1 2x 1 x 2 =  2 sin x if  x
 2 2
 1 1
   2 sin x if 1 x  
 2

 1 3 x – x
3
1
–   tan when – 1 x  
 1 – 3x 2 3
 3
2x 1 3 x – x 1
12. tan–1x + tan–1 =  tan when | x |  1 or | x | 
1– x 2
 1 – 3x 2 3
 –1 3 x – x
3
1
   tan when  x 1
 1 – 3x 2 3

14. x0