ANNEXURE-1

Survey Questionnaire
The survey used in this study was developed by Hung M. Chu (Chu & Katsioloudes, 2001) and has been
used in a number of studies (Benzing, Chu & Callanan, 2005; Chu & Katsioloudes, 2001; Chu et al., 2007). The
survey instrument used in this study was developed by H.M. Chu (Chu & Katsioloudes, 2001) and has been used
in studies of entrepreneurs in Vietnam, China, Thailand, Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Turkey, Ghana, Kenya and
Nigeria. It was originally written in English.

The questionnaire survey consists of questions which are divided into four sets of questions. The first set
of questions addresses ownership, types and age of business, number and category of employees. The second set
focuses on personal information on the business owner such as his/her age, gender, marital status, educational
level and work history. The third set of questions addresses the entrepreneur’s daily experiences and expectations
including questions focusing on motivations, problems, and sources of success or failure. The fourth set of
questions addresses perceived success, stress, and support.

The strength of motivation items, success factors and problem variables were measured using a five-point
Likert scale. The scale ranges from “1” indicating that the motive is unimportant to “5” which signifies the most
important value.

The set of questions addresses the entrepreneur’s daily experiences and expectations including
questions focusing on motivations, problems, and sources of success or failure.

1) MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS
(5= extremely important, 4= very important, 3= mildly important, 2= not very important, 1= unimportant)

MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS 1 2 3 4 5
1 To be my own boss
2 To be able to use my past experience and training
3 To prove I can do it
4 To increase my income
5 To gain public recognition
6 To provide jobs for family members
7 For my own satisfaction and growth
8 So I will always have job security
9 To build a business to pass on (IF)
10 To maintain my personal freedom (IF)
11 To be closer to my family (IF)
12 Any other reason (IF)
2) PROBLEMS FACED BY ENTREPRENEURS
(5= extremely important, 4= very important, 3= mildly important, 2= not very important, 1= unimportant)

PROBLEMS FACED BY ENTREPRENEURS 1 2 3 4 5

1 Unreliable and undependable employees PET
2 Too much competition PET
3 Obtaining short-term financial capital PS
4 Obtaining long-term financial capital PS
5 Too much government regulation/bureaucracy PS
6 Limited parking PS
7 Unsafe location PS
8 Weak economy AM
9 Lack of management training AM
10 Lack of marketing training AM
11 Inability to maintain accurate and informative accounting records AM
12 Business registration process AM
13 Foreign exchange limitations JS
14 Poor roads/transportation JS
15 Electricity problems JS
16 Language problem JS
17 Discrimination from customers NAC
18 Complex and confusing tax structure NAC
19 Any other problem you face NAC

3) PERCEIVED SUCCESS FACTORS

(5= extremely important, 4= very important, 3= mildly important, 2= not very important, 1= unimportant)

PERCEIVED SUCCESS FACTORS 1 2 3 4 5

1 Good general management skills
2 Charisma; friendliness to customers
3 Satisfactory government support
4 Appropriate training
5 Access to capital
6 Previous business experience
7 Support of family and friends
8 Marketing factors such as sales promotion
9 Good product at a competitive price
10 Good customer service
11 Hard-work
12 Location
13 Maintenance of accurate records of sales/expenses
14 Ability to manage personnel
15 Community involvement
16 Political involvement
17 Reputation for honesty
 4. Support from Family and Friends [subjective norms]

Source of Advice Put a tick mark()

1. Legal Advisor
2. Financial Advisor or Bank/Lending Institution
3. Friends
4. Family
5. Other Business Owners
6. Others

Perceived Support of subjective norms for coding Put a tick mark()

<30% >30% & <50% >50 & <70% 70%-90% > 90%

1 2 3 4 5

Source of Business/Financial Capital Put a tick mark()

1. Bank
2. Family
3. Friends
4. Personal Savings
5. Others

This set of questions addresses perceived success, stress, and support.

SUCCESS, STRESS, AND SUPPORT OF ENTREPRENEURS

Question 1 2 3 4 5
1. How would you describe your business success?
(1 = below average; 2 = average; 3 = successful; 4 = very successful)
2. To what extent are you satisfied with your business success?
(1 = very dissatisfied; 2 = dissatisfied; 3 = somewhat satisfied;
4 = satisfied; 5 = very satisfied)
3. How well has your success met your expectations?
(1 = did not meet my expectations; 2 = somewhat met my expectations; 3 = met my
expectations; 4 = more than I expected)
4. As a business owner, how would you rate the level of business-related stress?
(1 = nonexistent; 2 = very low; 3 = low; 4 = high; 5 = very high)
5. How would you rate the support from family and friends?
(1 = very low; 2 = low; 3 = medium; 4 = substantial; 5 = very substantial)