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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Education is a dynamic process and it has continued to evolve, diversify and extend.
Mitchell (2014) stated that, “good education facilitates the development of an internal
compass that guides us through life”. It has been playing a vital role in shaping ones
understanding skills and development. Students today face increasing pressures to do well
higher education level and this can be illustrated by their grade point average (GPA). It is
the general weighted average of the students per semester. Several studies identified
internal and external factors associated with academic performance. Specifically, stressful
academic situation reduces the working memory available to attend to a task’s information
According to the psychology today (2019), there are two different meanings for
stress: the abstract psychological perception of pressure and the body’s response to
stressors. An article in MedlinePlus (2019) stated that stress can be either positive or
negative. A positive stress is when it helps you avoid danger or meet a deadline while a
negative stress lasts for a long time and it may harm your health. It can be the result when
Everyone has different skills and capabilities so their style of handling situations
and the stress level for each person could also differ. It is possible that the stress level of
two persons facing the same situation could be different. It depends on which kind of
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stressor affects them both. Stress can improve our motivation and productivity (Centre,
2010). It can also affect us negatively if we react negatively against it (Robinson, 2010).
Leal (2012) showed that the graduating students experienced the different academic
pressure, causes or sources of stressors, effects and coping mechanisms of stress. Results
also revealed that effects of stressor differ between male and female. Mazo (2015)
mentioned that the most common causes of stress among students were school related. It
also showed that the most common effect of stress to students are experiencing low
Oketch-Oboth (2014) stated that most of the students reported that they experienced
between moderate to high levels of stress while just over 35.6% reported stress low levels.
Analysis also showed that as the higher stress level the poorer the academic performance
Along with this, the researchers are eager to conduct a study which aimed to
determine the relationship between the level of stress-related factors and academic
performance among Senior High School students of Notre Dame of Makilala, Inc.
factors and academic performance among senior high school students of Notre Dame of
Makilala, Inc.
a.) age;
2.) What is the level of stress-related factors among students in terms of;
4.) Is there a significant relationship between the level of stress-related factors and
Hypotheses
Levels of Stress-
Related Factors
Academic Performance
of Students
Theoretical Framework
This study is based on Life Stress and the Accuracy of Cognitive Appraisals in
Depressed Youth by Elisa Krackow and Karen D. Rudolph (2008). According to this study,
depressed youth appraise naturally occurring stressful events. Depression is related with
and intervention with depressed youth should target both psychological deficits that might
promote heightened stress reactivity as well as behavioral deficits that might lead to the
generation of stress.
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Youth who are exposed to heightened interpersonal stress and who overestimate
the stressfulness of events and their contribution to events might feel overwhelmed and
shame or hopelessness, and resulting depression. With the Youth Life Stress Interview uses
the best-estimate approach to combine information from parents and youth reports. Greater
number of stressful events were likely acquired using this approach. The findings were
The theory was relevant to this study in that the life stress is a substantial part in
negative impact to the students. The theory explains how youth acts on a stressful events
and it shows life stress has a great impact to the youth. Life stress changes the mentality of
resulting depression. Academic performance may vary on the mentality of the students.
This study covered and focused only on the relationship between the level of stress-
related factors and academic performance among senior high school students of Notre
Dame of Makilala, Inc in the S.Y. 2018-2019. The subject of the study was only limited to
the present Senior High School students of Notre Dame of Makilala, Inc. during the actual
The study aimed to know if there is a relationship between the levels of stress-
related factors and the academic performance of the Senior High School students of Notre
Students: The study will help students to figure out the stress factors that they may
experience. Allowing every learner to know how to cope with stress caused by various
Teachers: Their level of awareness regarding the level of stress-related factors among
senior high school students will increase. The teachers will also be able to understand why
some students have different performance at class, knowing that stress may come into
different areas. They can be a big help as well especially in communicating and act as an
Parents: They will be knowledgeable about how stress affects their children’s academic
performance and they would be able to identify the stress factors which affects students’
academic performance. By this, they would be able to understand them more. Parents will
be able to understand every result of their child’s actions regarding with performance
shown in school or classes’ activities. They’ll be able to know where the children lacks’ or
having hardships, most importantly in stress related factors. Parents will have an open and
wide understanding about every progress and even the failure of their child.
Future Researchers: This research will be a useful reference for the researchers who
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the different terms used in the study, the following
Academic Performance- refers to the students’ general percentage average (GPA) in the
Stress- the abstract psychological perception of pressure and the body’s response to
Stress Related-Factors- this refers to the factors which causes stress that affects the
students.
Academic Factor- this refers to the stressors of academic activities of the students.
students.
Peer Factor- this refers to the stressors from the peer pressure.
Health Factor- this refers to the stressors of physical and mental health of the students.
Self-Imposed Factor- this refers to the stressors of the students coping abilities.
Nuclear Family- A family that only includes both parents and their children.
Extended Family- A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, consisting parents
like father, mother, and their aunts, uncles and cousins living in the same household.
Joint Family- A family that consists of two or more families living together under a
common shelter.
Single-parent Family- A single parent is a parent who only lives with a child or