Chapter 7 Steel PDF

TABLE OF CONTENTS – REINFORCING STEEL
CHAPTER 7
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INTRODUCTION
07.TOC-1 Table of Contents – Chapter 7 ................................................................. 31Oct2018

07.TOC-2 Table of Contents – Chapter 7 ................................................................. 31Oct2018
07.00 Introduction – Chapter 7 ........................................................................... 31Oct2018
REINFORCING STEEL PROPERTIES
07.01-1 Physical Properties and Bar Length ......................................................... 31Oct2018

07.01-2 ASTM Bar Marking Sequence .................................................................. 31Oct2018
07.01-3 Reinforcing Steel Schedule and Bending Diagram ................................. 10Mar2015
LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS
07.02-1 Basic Development Lengths – Bars in Tension ....................................... 31Oct2018

07.02-2 Modification Factors for Bars in Tension .................................................. 31Oct2018
07.02-3 Modified Development Lengths – Bars in Tension
(fc’ = 3.0 ksi, wide spacing) ....................................................................... 31Oct2018
(fc’ = 3.0 ksi, tight spacing) ....................................................................... 31Oct2018
07.02-9 Basic Development Lengths – Standard Hooks in Tension ..................... 31Oct2018
07.02-10 Modification Factors for Standard Hooks in Tension ............................... 31Oct2018
07.02-11 Basic Development Lengths – Bars in Compression ............................... 31Oct2018
07.02-12 Modified Development Lengths – Bars in Compression .......................... 31Oct2018
07.02-13 Lap Splices – Bars in Tension .................................................................. 31Oct2018
07.02-14 Lap Splice Lengths – Bars in Tension (fc’ = 3.0 ksi, wide spacing).......... 31Oct2018
07.02-17 Lap Splice Lengths – Bars in Tension (fc’ = 3.0 ksi, tight spacing) .......... 31Oct2018
07.02-20 Lap Splice Lengths – Bars in Compression ............................................. 31Oct2018
07.02-21 Welded Wire, Shear Reinforcement and Mechanical Devices ................ 31Oct2018
* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8½ x 11.
PART 2
REINFORCING STEEL DATE: 31Oct2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 7 SHEET 1 of 2
FILE NO. 07.TOC-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS – REINFORCING STEEL
CHAPTER 7
FILE NO. TITLE DATE
IDENTIFICATION
07.03-1 Marking System for Reinforcement in Bridges ........................................ 10Mar2015

07.03-2 Marking System for Reinforcement in Bridges ........................................ 10Mar2015
* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8½ x 11.
PART 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CHAPTER 7 SHEET 2 of 2
FILE NO. 07.TOC-2
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 7 of this manual establishes the practices and requirements regarding the use of
reinforcing steel. Development lengths and lap splices in the tables provided in this chapter are
intended to assist designer for design and detailing of reinforced concrete member.
Development length and lap splice length shall be determined in accordance with the AASHTO
th
LRFD specifications 8 Edition. Reinforcing steel, rebars or bars that are referred in this chapter
are uncoated deformed straight bars unless otherwise indicated. For concrete with compressive
strength greater than 5.0 ksi, plain bars or coated bars, the designer needs to calculate the
th
development lengths and lap splice lengths per the AASHTO LRFD specifications 8 Edition.
References to AASHTO LRFD specifications in the chapter refer to the current AASHTO LRFD
Bridge Design Specifications and VDOT Modifications (IIM-S&B-80).
Reinforcing Steel Schedules are required for all structure elements and shall contain all
reinforcement bend, length, number, material and weight information necessary to fabricate the
bars and provide quantities.
Several major changes to past practices are as follows:
1. Replaced Area of Rebars Per Foot of Section with ASTM Bar Marking Sequence in
Section 07.01.
2. Revised and reorganized Section 07.02 based on the AASHTO LRFD specifications,
th
8 Edition.
PART 2
INTRODUCTION – CHAPTER 7 SHEET 1 of 1
FILE NO. 07.00
Size Cross
Nominal
Bar Size Nominal Sectional Weight
Perimeter
Designation Diameter Area Lb. / Ft.
2 In.
In. In
#3 3/8 or 0.375 0.11 0.376 1.178
#4 1/2 or 0.500 0.20 0.668 1.571
#5 5/8 or 0.625 0.31 1.043 1.963
#6 3/4 or 0.750 0.44 1.502 2.356
#7 7/8 or 0.875 0.60 2.044 2.749
#8 1.000 0.79 2.670 3.142
#9 1⅛ or 1.128 1.00 3.400 3.544
#10 1¼ or 1.270 1.27 4.303 3.990
#11 1½ or 1.410 1.56 5.313 4.430
#14 1¾ or 1.693 2.25 7.650 5.316
#18 2¼ or 2.257 4.00 13.600 7.088
Reinforcing Steel Bar Length:
The maximum length of any type bar shall be 60 feet. Bar lengths greater than 40 feet will
require oversized vehicles for hauling. The designer should take into account the total number of
bars in excess of 40 feet to justify using longer bars.
REINFORCING STEEL PART 2

DATE: 31Oct2018
REINFORCING STEEL PROPERTIES SHEET 1 of 3
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND BAR LENGTH FILE NO. 07.01-1
ASTM Bar Marking Sequence

DATE: 31Oct2018
ASTM BAR MARKING SEQUENCE FILE NO. 07.01-2
DATE: 10Mar2015
REINFORCING STEEL SCHEDULE AND BENDING DIAGRAM FILE NO. 07.01-3
Basic Development Lengths - Bars in Tension
Basic Development Length ldb = 2.4dbfy/(f’c)

0.5
- AASHTO 5.10.8.2.1a
Reinforcement fy = 60 ksi
Concrete f’c = 3.0 ksi 4.0 ksi 5.0 ksi
Dia. db ldb ldb ldb
Bar Size
in in in in
3 0.375 31.2 27.0 24.1
4 0.500 41.6 36.0 32.2
5 0.625 52.0 45.0 40.2
6 0.750 62.4 54.0 48.3
7 0.875 72.8 63.0 56.3
8 1.000 83.1 72.0 64.4
9 1.128 93.8 81.2 72.6
10 1.270 105.6 91.4 81.8
11 1.410 117.2 101.5 90.8
Notes:
1. The basic tension development length, ldb, in the table above is calculated based on AASHTO
5.10.8.2.1a for normal weight concrete and reinforcement with yield strength fy = 60 ksi.
2. The modified tension development length, ld, shall be calculated using AASHTO Equation
(5.10.8.2.1a-1) based on the basic development length, ldb, and the applicable modification
factors in AASHTO 5.10.8.2.1b and 5.10.8.2.1c. These factors are also specified in File No.
07.02-2. The modified tension development length shall not be less than 12”.
3. For design convenience, the tables in File Nos. 07.02-3 to -8 provide the modified tension
development length, ld, for reinforcement in normal weight concrete. For all other cases, see
AASHTO 5.10.8.2.1.
4. For the requirements for bundled bars, see AASHTO 5.10.8.2.3.

DATE: 31Oct2018
LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS SHEET 1 of 21
BASIC DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS - BARS IN TENSION FILE NO. 07.02-1
Modification Factors for Bars in Tension:
Modification Factor
Modification factors which increase development length ld:
Reinforcement location factor (rl)
 Horizontal reinforcement placed such that more than 12” of concrete is 1.3
cast below the reinforcement
 Horizontal reinforcement placed such that no more than 12” of concrete 1.0
is cast below the reinforcement and f’c is not greater than 10.0 ksi
 Horizontal reinforcement placed such that no more than 12” of concrete 1.3
is cast below the reinforcement and f’c is greater than 10.0 ksi
Concrete density modification factor (
 Normal weight concrete 1.0
 Lightweight concrete
0.5
o where the splitting tensile strength, fct (ksi), is specified 4.7*fct /(f’c) ≤ 1.0
o where the splitting tensile strength, fct (ksi), is not specified 0.75 ≤  = 7.5wc ≤ 1.0
Modification factors which decrease development length ld:
Excess reinforcement factor (er) As-required /As-provided
Reinforcement confinement factor (rc) shall satisfy

0.4 ≤ rc = db/(cb+ktr) ≤ 1.0
Where:
cb = the smaller of the distance from center of bar being developed to the nearest concrete
surface and one-half the center-to-center spacing of the bars being developed (in.)
ktr = transverse reinforcement index = 40Atr/(sn)
Atr = total cross-sectional area of all transverse reinforcement which is within the spacing s and
2
which crosses the potential plane of splitting through the reinforcement being developed (in ).
Atr may be taken conservatively as zero as per AASHTO C5.10.8.2.1c.
s = maximum center-to-center spacing of transverse reinforcement within ld (in.)
n = number of bars developed along plane of splitting
wc = unit weight of concrete (kcf)

DATE: 31Oct2018
MODIFICATION FACTORS FOR BARS IN TENSION FILE NO. 07.02-2
Modified Development Lengths - Bars in Tension
𝒇′𝒄 = 3.0 ksi and center-center spacing of the bars being developed is ≥ db plus twice the concrete cover
Development Length ld = (rl*cf*rc*er/)* ldb – AASHTO 5.10.8.2.1a
Bar Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover
Size = 1.0" = 1.25" = 1.5" = 2.0" = 2.5" = 3.0"
Top Top Top Top Top Top
Others Others Others Others Others Others
Bars Bars Bars Bars Bars Bars
3 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
4 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
5 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9"
6 3'-9" 2'-11" 3'-2" 2'-5" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1"
7 4'-10" 3'-9" 4'-2" 3'-2" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6"
8 6'-1" 4'-8" 5'-2" 4'-0" 4'-7" 3'-6" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10"
9 7'-4" 5'-8" 6'-4" 4'-11" 5'-7" 4'-4" 4'-6" 3'-6" 4'-1" 3'-2" 4'-1" 3'-2"
REINFORCING STEEL
10 8'-10" 6'-10" 7'-8" 5'-11" 6'-9" 5'-3" 5'-6" 4'-3" 4'-7" 3'-7" 4'-7" 3'-7"
11 10'-5" 8'-1" 9'-1" 7'-0" 8'-2" 6'-2" 6'-6" 5'-2" 5'-6" 4'-3" 5'-1" 3'-11"

Notes:
1. Values for the development length ld in the table are for normal weight concrete ( =1.0) and
reinforcement fy = 60 ksi assuming the coating factor cf, and excess reinforcement factor er are equal to
MOD. DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

1.0. The values are rounded up to the next highest inch.
2. Top bars are the horizontal bars with more than 12” of concrete cast below the bars or the horizontal bars with no
more than 12 in. of concrete is cast below the bars and f’c > 10 ksi .
PART 2
3. The development length shall not be less than 12”.
SHEET 3 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-3

Size = 1.0" = 1.25" = 1.5" = 2.0" = 2.5" = 3.0"
3 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0"
4 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3"
5 2'-4" 1'-10" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6"
6 3'-3" 2'-6" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10"
7 4'-2" 3'-3" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-1" 2'-5" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2"
8 5'-3" 4'-0" 4'-6" 3'-6" 3'-11" 3'-0" 3'-2" 2'-5" 3'-2" 2'-5" 3'-2" 2'-5"
REINFORCING STEEL
9 6'-5" 4'-11" 5'-6" 4'-3" 4'-10" 3'-9" 3'-11" 3'-0" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9"
10 7'-8" 5'-11" 6'-8" 5'-1" 5'-10" 4'-6" 4'-9" 3'-8" 4'-0" 3'-1" 4'-0" 3'-1"
11 9'-2" 7'-0" 7'-10" 6'-1" 6'-11" 5'-4" 5'-8" 4'-4" 4'-9" 3'-8" 4'-5" 3'-5"

Notes:

reinforcement fy = 60 ksi assuming the coating factor cf, and excess reinforcement factor er are equal
to 1.0. The values are rounded up to the next highest inch.
PART 2
SHEET 4 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-4

Size = 1.0" = 1.25" = 1.5" = 2.0" = 2.5" = 3.0"
3 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0"
4 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
5 2'-1" 1'-8" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5"
6 2'-11" 2'-3" 2'-5" 1'-11" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8"
7 3'-9" 2'-11" 3'-2" 2'-6" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-6" 1'-11" 2'-6" 1'-11" 2'-6" 1'-11"
8 4'-8" 3'-7" 4'-0" 3'-1" 3'-6" 2'-9" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-10" 2'-2"
REINFORCING STEEL
9 5'-8" 4'-5" 4'-11" 3'-10" 4'-4" 3'-4" 3'-6" 2'-8" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6"
10 6'-10" 5'-3" 5'-11" 4'-7" 5'-3" 4'-1" 4'-3" 3'-3" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9"
11 8'-1" 6'-2" 7'-0" 5'-5" 6'-3" 4'-10" 5'-1" 3'-11" 4'-3" 3'-4" 4'-0" 3'-1"

Notes:

PART 2
SHEET 5 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-5

𝒇′𝒄 = 3.0 ksi and center-center spacing of the bars being developed is < db plus twice the concrete cover
C-C Bar Spacing C-C Bar Spacing C-C Bar Spacing C-C Bar Spacing C-C Bar Spacing
Bar = 2.0" = 3.0" = 4.0" = 5.0" = 6.0"
Size
Top Bars Others Top Bars Others Top Bars Others Top Bars Others Top Bars Others
3 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
4 2'-4" 1'-9" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
5 3'-7" 2'-9" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9"
6 N/A N/A 3'-5" 2'-8" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1"
7 N/A N/A 4'-8" 3'-7" 3'-6" 2'-8" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6"
8 N/A N/A 6'-1" 4'-8" 4'-7" 3'-6" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10"
9 N/A N/A 7'-8" 5'-11" 5'-9" 4'-5" 4'-7" 3'-7" 4'-1" 3'-2"
10 N/A N/A 9'-7" 7'-4" 7'-2" 5'-6" 5'-9" 4'-5" 4'-10" 3'-8"
11 N/A N/A 11'-8" 9'-0" 8'-9" 6'-9" 6'-12" 5'-5" 5'-10" 4'-6"
REINFORCING STEEL
Notes:


5. The maximum size of the coarse aggregate is assumed to be 1 inch.
PART 2
6. N/A – Not applicable because the spacing does not meet the minimum spacing in AASHTO 5.10.3.1.
SHEET 6 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-6

Applicable to precast concrete but not to cast in place concrete, see AASHTO 5.10.3.1.
Bar = 2.0" = 3.0" = 4.0" = 5.0" = 6.0"
Size
3 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0"
4 2'-0" 1'-6" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3"
5 3'-1" 2'-5" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6"
6 N/A N/A 3'-0" 2'-3" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10"
7 N/A N/A 4'-0" 3'-1" 3'-0" 2'-4" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2"
8 N/A N/A 5'-3" 4'-0" 3'-11" 3'-0" 3'-2" 2'-5" 3'-2" 2'-5"
9 N/A N/A 6'-8" 5'-1" 5'-0" 3'-10" 4'-0" 3'-1" 3'-7" 2'-9"
10 N/A N/A 8'-4" 6'-5" 6'-3" 4'-10" 5'-0" 3'-10" 4'-2" 3'-3"
11 N/A N/A 10'-1" 7'-10" 7'-7" 5'-10" 6'-1" 4'-8" 5'-1" 3'-11"
REINFORCING STEEL
Notes:


PART 2
SHEET 7 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-7

Bar = 2.0" = 3.0" = 4.0" = 5.0" = 6.0"
Size
3 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0"
4 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
5 2'-9" 2'-2" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5"
6 N/A N/A 2'-8" 2'-1" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8"
7 N/A N/A 3'-7" 2'-9" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-6" 1'-11" 2'-6" 1'-11"
8 N/A N/A 4'-8" 3'-7" 3'-6" 2'-9" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-10" 2'-2"
9 N/A N/A 5'-11" 4'-7" 4'-6" 3'-5" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-2" 2'-6"
10 N/A N/A 7'-5" 5'-9" 5'-7" 4'-4" 4'-6" 3'-5" 3'-9" 2'-11"
11 N/A N/A 9'-1" 7'-0" 6'-10" 5'-3" 5'-5" 4'-2" 4'-7" 3'-6"
REINFORCING STEEL
Notes:


PART 2
SHEET 8 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-8

Basic Development Lengths – Standard Hooks in Tension
Basic Development Length lhb = 38.0dbfy/(60.0(f’c) ) - AASHTO 5.10.8.2.4a

0.5
Concrete f’c = 3.0 ksi f’c = 4.0 ksi f’c = 5.0 ksi
Bar Size in in in
3 8.2 7.1 6.4
4 11.0 9.5 8.5
5 13.7 11.9 10.6
6 16.5 14.3 12.8
7 19.2 16.6 14.9
8 21.9 19.0 17.0
9 24.8 21.4 19.2
10 27.9 24.1 21.6
11 30.9 26.8 24.0
Notes:
1. Values in the table are the basic tension development lengths, lhb, for hooks in normal
weight concrete.
2. The modified development length, ldh, of a deformed bar in tension terminating in a

standard hook as specified in AASHTO 5.10.2.1 shall be calculated using AASHTO
Equation (5.10.8.2.4a-1) based on the basic development length, lhb, and the applicable
modification factors specified in AASHTO 5.10.8.2.4b or File No. 07.02-10.
3. The modified development length, ldh, shall not be less than the greater of 8 bar
diameters or 6".

DATE: 31Oct2018
BASIC DEV. LENGTHS – STANDARD HOOKS IN TENSION FILE NO. 07.02-9
Modification Factors for Standard Hooks in Tension:
Modification Factor
Reinforcement confinement factor (rc)

 For No. 11 bar and smaller, hooks with side cover normal to plane of the
hook not less than 2.5” and for 90 degree hook with cover on the bar 0.8
extension beyond hook not less than 2.0”
 For 90 degree hooks of No. 11 and smaller bars that are either enclosed
within ties or stirrups perpendicular to the bar being developed, spaced not
greater than 3 bar diameters along the development length, ldh, of the hook;
or enclosed within ties or stirrups parallel to the bar being developed 0.8
spaced not greater than 3 bar diameters along the length of the tail of hook,
and in both cases the first tie or stirrup enclosing the bent portion of the
hook is within 2 bar diameters of the outside of the bend
 For 180 degree hooks of No. 11 and smaller bars that are enclosed within
ties or stirrups perpendicular to the bar being developed, spaced not
greater than 3 bar diameters along the development length, ldh, of the hook, 0.8
and the first tie or stirrup enclosing the bent portion of the hook is within 2
bar diameters of the outside of the bend
Concrete density modification factor (

 Normal weight concrete 1.0
 Lightweight concrete
o where the splitting tensile strength, fct (ksi), is specified 4.7*fct /(f’c)0.5 ≤ 1.0
o where the splitting tensile strength, fct (ksi), is not specified 0.75 ≤  = 7.5wc ≤ 1.0
Coating factor (cf) 1.0
Excess reinforcement factor (er) As-required / As-provided

DATE: 31Oct2018
MOD. FACTORS FOR STANDARD HOOKS IN TENSION FILE NO. 07.02-10
Basic Development Lengths - Bars in Compression
Basic Development Length, ldb ≥ Max(0.63dbfy/(f’c) , 0.3dbfy) - AASHTO 5.10.8.2.2a

0.5
Concrete f’c = 3.0 ksi 4.0 ksi 5.0 ksi
Bar Size Dia. db ldb ldb ldb
in in in in
3 0.375 8.2 7.1 6.8
4 0.500 10.9 9.5 9.00
5 0.625 13.6 11.8 11.3
6 0.750 16.4 14.2 13.5
7 0.875 19.1 16.5 15.8
8 1.000 21.8 18.9 18.0
9 1.128 24.6 21.3 20.3
10 1.270 27.7 24.0 22.9
11 1.410 30.8 26.7 25.4
Notes:
1. The basic compression development length, ldb, in the table is calculated based on
AASHTO 5.10.8.2.2a for normal weight concrete and deformed reinforcement with yield
strength fy = 60 ksi.
2. The modified compressive development length, ld, for deformed bars shall be calculated
using the basic development length, ldb, and the applicable modification factors in
AASHTO 5.10.8.2.2b. These factors are also specified below. The modified compressive
development length, ld, shall not be less than 8”.
3. For design convenience, the modified compressive development length, ld, is provided in
File No.07.02-12.
Modification Factor
Excess reinforcement factor (er) As-required / As-provided
Reinforcement confinement factor (rc)

 Reinforcement enclosed within a spiral composed of a bar not less
0.75
than 0.25” in diameter and spaced at not more than 4” pitch
 Otherwise 1.0

DATE: 31Oct2018
BASIC DEVEL. LENGTHS - BARS IN COMPRESSION FILE NO. 07.02-11
Modified Development Lengths - Bars in Compression
Development Length ld = rc * er * ldb – AASHTO 5.10.8.2.2a

Concrete f’c = 3.0 ksi f’c = 4.0 ksi f’c = 5.0 ksi
Enclosed Enclosed
Enclosed in
in Spiral in Spiral
Others Others Spiral and Others
Bar Size and pitch and pitch
≤ 4” rc =1.0 ≤ 4” rc=1.0 pitch ≤ 4” rc =1.0
rc = 0.75
rc = 0.75 rc = 0.75
3 8” 9” 8” 8” 8” 8”
4 9” 11” 8” 10” 8” 9”
5 11” 1'-2” 9” 1'-0” 9” 1'-0”
6 1'-1” 1'-5” 11” 1'-3” 11” 1'-2”
7 1'-3” 1'-8” 1'-1” 1'-5” 1'-0” 1'-4”
8 1'-5” 1'-10” 1'-3” 1'-7” 1'-2” 1'-6”
9 1'-7” 2'-1” 1'-4” 1'-10” 1'-4” 1'-9”
10 1'-9” 2'-4” 1'-6” 2'-0” 1'-6” 1'-11”
11 2'-0” 2'-7” 1'-8” 2'-3” 1'-7” 2'-2”
Notes:
1. Values for the development length ld in the tables are for normal weight concrete and
rounded up to the next highest inch.
2. The excess reinforcement factor, er, is assumed to be 1.0 in calculating the
development length in the table above.
3. If reinforcement is enclosed within a spiral composed of a bar of not less than 0.25” in
diameter and spaced at not more than a 4” pitch, use the values in the column of
Enclosed in Spiral, otherwise; use the development lengths in the Others column.
4. For bundled bars, development length ld of individual bars within a bundle in
compression shall be that for the individual bar increased by 20 percent for a three-bar
bundle and by 33 percent for a four-bar bundle.
5. The modified compressive development length, ld, shall not be less than 8”.
6. For modification factors, see File No. 07.02-11.

DATE: 31Oct2018
BASIC DEVEL. LENGTHS - BARS IN COMPRESSION FILE NO. 07.02-12
Lap Splices – Bars in Tension
Lap splices lsp shall be calculated based on tension development length ld which should include
all of the applicable modification factors specified in File No.07.02-10 or AASHTO 5.10.8.2.1.
The minimum length of lap for tension lap splices shall not be less than 12” and the following for
Class A and B splices according to AASHTO 5.10.8.4.3a:
Class A Splice 1.0*ld
Class B Splice 1.3*ld
Lap splices of deformed bars in tension shall be Class B lap splices except that Class A lap
splices may be used where:
 The area of the reinforcement is at least twice that required by analysis over the entire length
of the lap splice; and
 One-half or less of the total reinforcement is spliced within the required lap splice length.
For reinforcement in tension, lap splices shall not be for bars larger than No. 11 per AASHTO
5.10.8.4.2a.
For lap splice within bundle, the splice length lsp, of individual bars within the bundle, shall be that
of the individual bar, increased by 20 percent for a three-bar bundle and by 33 percent for a four-
bar bundle. See AASHTO 5.10.8.2.3 and 5.10.8.4.2 for more details.
For design convenience, tables in File Nos. 7.02-14 to -19 provide lap splice length of bars in
tension for reinforcement fy = 60 ksi in normal weight concrete ( =1.0) based on the coating
factor, cf, and excess reinforcement factor, er, to be equal to 1.0.

DATE: 31Oct2018
LAP SPLICES – BARS IN TENSION FILE NO. 07.02-13
Lap Splice Lengths - Bars in Tension
Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover Concrete Cover
Bar Lap = 1.0" = 1.25" = 1.5" = 2.0" = 2.5" = 3.0"
Size Class Top Top Top Top Top Top
A 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
3
B 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
A 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
4
B 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10"
A 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9"
5
B 3'-6" 2'-9" 3'-0" 2'-4" 3'-0" 2'-4" 3'-0" 2'-4" 3'-0" 2'-4" 3'-0" 2'-4"
A 3'-9" 2'-11" 3'-2" 2'-5" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1"
REINFORCING STEEL
6
B 4'-10" 3'-9" 4'-1" 3'-2" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9"
A 4'-10" 3'-9" 4'-2" 3'-2" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6"
7
B 6'-3" 4'-10" 5'-4" 4'-2" 4'-8" 3'-7" 4'-2" 3'-2" 4'-2" 3'-2" 4'-2" 3'-2"

A 6'-1" 4'-8" 5'-2" 4'-0" 4'-7" 3'-6" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10"
8
B 7'-10" 6'-1" 6'-9" 5'-2" 5'-11" 4'-7" 4'-9" 3'-8" 4'-9" 3'-8" 4'-9" 3'-8"
LAP SPLICE LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

A 7'-4" 5'-8" 6'-4" 4'-11" 5'-7" 4'-4" 4'-6" 3'-6" 4'-1" 3'-2" 4'-1" 3'-2"
9
B 9'-7" 7'-4" 8'-3" 6'-4" 7'-3" 5'-7" 5'-10" 4'-6" 5'-4" 4'-1" 5'-4" 4'-1"
A 8'-11" 6'-10" 7'-9" 6'-0" 6'-10" 5'-3" 5'-7" 4'-3" 4'-8" 3'-7" 4'-7" 3'-7"
10
B 11'-6" 8'-10" 10'-1" 7'-8" 8'-11" 6'-9" 7'-1" 5'-6" 6'-1" 4'-8" 6'-0" 4'-7"
A 10'-6" 8'-1" 9'-2" 7'-1" 8'-2" 6'-3" 6'-8" 5'-2" 5'-7" 4'-4" 5'-1" 3'-11"
11
B 13'-6" 10'-5" 11'-11" 9'-1" 10'-7" 8'-0" 8'-8" 6'-6" 7'-4" 5'-6" 6'-8" 5'-1"
PART 2
SHEET 14 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-14

Bar Lap = 1.0" = 1.25" = 1.5" = 2.0" = 2.5" = 3.0"
A 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0"
3
B 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3"
A 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3"
4
B 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7"
A 2'-4" 1'-10" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6"
5
B 3'-1" 2'-4" 2'-7" 2'-0" 2'-7" 2'-0" 2'-7" 2'-0" 2'-7" 2'-0" 2'-7" 2'-0"
A 3'-3" 2'-6" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10"
REINFORCING STEEL
6
B 4'-2" 3'-3" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-1" 2'-5" 3'-1" 2'-5" 3'-1" 2'-5" 3'-1" 2'-5"
A 4'-2" 3'-3" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-1" 2'-5" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2"
7
B 5'-5" 4'-2" 4'-8" 3'-7" 4'-1" 3'-1" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9"

A 5'-3" 4'-0" 4'-6" 3'-6" 3'-11" 3'-0" 3'-2" 2'-5" 3'-2" 2'-5" 3'-2" 2'-5"
8
B 6'-10" 5'-3" 5'-10" 4'-6" 5'-1" 3'-11" 4'-1" 3'-2" 4'-1" 3'-2" 4'-1" 3'-2"

A 6'-5" 4'-11" 5'-6" 4'-3" 4'-10" 3'-9" 3'-11" 3'-0" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9"
9
B 8'-3" 6'-5" 7'-2" 5'-6" 6'-3" 4'-10" 5'-1" 3'-11" 4'-7" 3'-7" 4'-7" 3'-7"
A 7'-9" 5'-11" 6'-9" 5'-2" 5'-10" 4'-7" 4'-10" 3'-9" 4'-1" 3'-1" 4'-0" 3'-1"
10
B 10'-0" 7'-8" 8'-9" 6'-8" 7'-8" 5'-11" 6'-3" 4'-10" 5'-3" 4'-1" 5'-2" 4'-0"
A 9'-2" 7'-0" 8'-0" 6'-2" 7'-1" 5'-5" 5'-9" 4'-5" 4'-11" 3'-9" 4'-5" 3'-5"
11
B 11'-10" 9'-2" 10'-4" 8'-0" 9'-2" 7'-1" 7'-6" 5'-9" 6'-4" 4'-11" 5'-9" 4'-5"
PART 2
SHEET 15 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-15

Bar Lap = 1.0" = 1.25" = 1.5" = 2.0" = 2.5" = 3.0"
A 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0"
3
B 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
A 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
4
B 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
A 2'-1" 1'-8" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5"
5
B 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9"
A 2'-11" 2'-3" 2'-5" 1'-11" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8"
6
B 3'-9" 2'-11" 3'-2" 2'-5" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2"
REINFORCING STEEL
A 3'-9" 2'-11" 3'-2" 2'-6" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-6" 1'-11" 2'-6" 1'-11" 2'-6" 1'-11"
7
B 4'-10" 3'-9" 4'-2" 3'-2" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-3" 2'-6" 3'-3" 2'-6" 3'-3" 2'-6"
A 4'-8" 3'-7" 4'-0" 3'-1" 3'-6" 2'-9" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-10" 2'-2"
8

B 6'-1" 4'-8" 5'-3" 3'-12" 4'-7" 3'-6" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10"
A 5'-9" 4'-5" 4'-11" 3'-10" 4'-4" 3'-4" 3'-6" 2'-8" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6"

9
B 7'-5" 5'-9" 6'-5" 4'-11" 5'-8" 4'-4" 4'-6" 3'-6" 4'-2" 3'-2" 4'-2" 3'-2"
A 6'-11" 5'-4" 6'-0" 4'-8" 5'-4" 4'-1" 4'-4" 3'-4" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-7" 2'-9"
10
B 9'-0" 6'-11" 7'-10" 6'-0" 6'-11" 5'-4" 5'-7" 4'-4" 4'-8" 3'-8" 4'-8" 3'-7"
A 8'-2" 6'-4" 7'-2" 5'-6" 6'-4" 4'-11" 5'-2" 4'-0" 4'-4" 3'-4" 4'-0" 3'-1"
11
B 10'-7" 8'-2" 9'-3" 7'-2" 8'-3" 6'-4" 6'-8" 5'-2" 5'-8" 4'-4" 5'-2" 4'-0"
PART 2
SHEET 16 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-16

Bar Lap = 2.0" = 3.0" = 4.0" = 5.0" = 6.0"
Size Class
A 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
3
B 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
A 2'-4" 1'-9" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
4
B 2'-12" 2'-4" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10"
A 3'-7" 2'-9" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9"
5
B 4'-7" 3'-7" 3'-1" 2'-5" 3'-0" 2'-4" 3'-0" 2'-4" 3'-0” 2'-4"
A N/A N/A 3'-5" 2'-8" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-9" 2'-1"
6
B
REINFORCING STEEL
N/A N/A 4'-5" 3'-5" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9"
A N/A N/A 4'-8" 3'-7" 3'-6" 2'-8" 3'-2" 2'-6" 3'-2" 2'-6"
7
B N/A N/A 6'-0" 4'-8" 4'-6" 3'-6" 4'-2" 3'-2" 4'-2" 3'-2"
A N/A N/A 6'-1" 4'-8" 4'-7" 3'-6" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10"

8
B N/A N/A 7'-10" 6'-1" 5'-11" 4'-7" 4'-9" 3'-8" 4'-9" 3'-8"

A N/A N/A 7'-8" 5'-11" 5'-9" 4'-5" 4'-7" 3'-7" 4'-1" 3'-2"
9
B N/A N/A 9'-11" 7'-8" 7'-6" 5'-9" 6'-0" 4'-7" 5'-4" 4'-1"
A N/A N/A 9'-7" 7'-4" 7'-2" 5'-6" 5'-9" 4'-5" 4'-10" 3'-8"
10
B N/A N/A 12'-5" 9'-7" 9'-4" 7'-2" 7'-6" 5'-9" 6'-3" 4'-10"
A N/A N/A 11'-8" 9'-0" 8'-9" 6'-9" 6'-12" 5'-5" 5'-10" 4'-6"
11
B N/A N/A 15'-2" 11'-8" 11'-5" 8'-9" 9'-1" 7'-0" 7'-7" 5'-10"
PART 2
The maximum size of the coarse aggregate is assumed to be 1 inch.
SHEET 17 of 21
N/A – Not applicable because the spacing does not meet the minimum spacing in AASHTO 5.10.3.1.
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-17

- Applicable to precast concrete but not to cast in place concrete, see AASHTO 5.10.3.1.
Bar Lap = 2.0" = 3.0" = 4.0" = 5.0" = 6.0"
Size Class
A 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0" 1'-3" 1'-0"
3
B 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3"
A 2'-0" 1'-6" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3" 1'-7" 1'-3"
4
B 2'-7" 2'-0" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-1" 1'-7"
A 3'-1" 2'-5" 2'-1" 1'-7" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6" 2'-0" 1'-6"
5
B 4'-0" 3'-1" 2'-8" 2'-1" 2'-7" 2'-0" 2'-7" 2'-0" 2'-7" 2'-0"
A N/A N/A 3'-0" 2'-3" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-5" 1'-10"
6
REINFORCING STEEL
B N/A N/A 3'-10" 3'-0" 3'-1" 2'-5" 3'-1" 2'-5" 3'-1" 2'-5"
A N/A N/A 4'-0" 3'-1" 3'-0" 2'-4" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2"
7
B N/A N/A 5'-3" 4'-0" 3'-11" 3'-0" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-7" 2'-9"
A N/A N/A 5'-3" 4'-0" 3'-11" 3'-0" 3'-2" 2'-5" 3'-2" 2'-5"

8
B N/A N/A 6'-10" 5'-3" 5'-1" 3'-11" 4'-1" 3'-2" 4'-1" 3'-2"

A N/A N/A 6'-8" 5'-1" 5'-0" 3'-10" 4'-0" 3'-1" 3'-7" 2'-9"
9
B N/A N/A 8'-7" 6'-8" 6'-6" 5'-0" 5'-2" 4'-0" 4'-7" 3'-7"
A N/A N/A 8'-4" 6'-5" 6'-3" 4'-10" 5'-0" 3'-10" 4'-2" 3'-3"
10
B N/A N/A 10'-9" 8'-4" 8'-1" 6'-3" 6'-6" 5'-0" 5'-5" 4'-2"
A N/A N/A 10'-1" 7'-10" 7'-7" 5'-10" 6'-1" 4'-8" 5'-1" 3'-11"
11
B N/A N/A 13'-2" 10'-1" 9'-10" 7'-7" 7'-11" 6'-1" 6'-7" 5'-1"
PART 2
SHEET 18 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-18

Bar Lap = 2.0" = 3.0" = 4.0" = 5.0" = 6.0"
Size Class
A 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0" 1'-1" 1'-0"
3
B 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
A 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1" 1'-5" 1'-1"
4
B 2'-4" 1'-9" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-10" 1'-5"
A 2'-9" 2'-2" 1'-10" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5" 1'-9" 1'-5"
5
B 3'-7" 2'-9" 2'-5" 1'-10" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9" 2'-4" 1'-9"
A N/A N/A 2'-8" 2'-1" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8" 2'-2" 1'-8"
6
B N/A N/A 3'-5" 2'-8" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2" 2'-9" 2'-2"
REINFORCING STEEL
A N/A N/A 3'-7" 2'-9" 2'-9" 2'-1" 2'-6" 1'-11" 2'-6" 1'-11"
7
B N/A N/A 4'-8" 3'-7" 3'-6" 2'-9" 3'-3" 2'-6" 3'-3" 2'-6"
A N/A N/A 4'-8" 3'-7" 3'-6" 2'-9" 2'-10" 2'-2" 2'-10" 2'-2"

8
B N/A N/A 6'-1" 4'-8" 4'-7" 3'-6" 3'-8" 2'-10" 3'-8" 2'-10"

A N/A N/A 5'-11" 4'-7" 4'-6" 3'-5" 3'-7" 2'-9" 3'-2" 2'-6"
9
B N/A N/A 7'-9" 5'-11" 5'-10" 4'-6" 4'-8" 3'-7" 4'-2" 3'-2"
A N/A N/A 7'-5" 5'-9" 5'-7" 4'-4" 4'-6" 3'-5" 3'-9" 2'-11"
10
B N/A N/A 9'-8" 7'-5" 7'-3" 5'-7" 5'-10" 4'-6" 4'-10" 3'-9"
A N/A N/A 9'-1" 7'-0" 6'-10" 5'-3" 5'-5" 4'-2" 4'-7" 3'-6"
11
B N/A N/A 11'-9" 9'-1" 8'-10" 6'-10" 7'-1" 5'-5" 5'-11" 4'-7"
PART 2
SHEET 19 of 21
DATE: 31Oct2018
FILE NO. 07.02-19

Lap Splice Lengths - Bars in Compression
Splice Lengths of Bars in Compression - AASHTO 5.10.8.4.5a

Concrete f’c ≥ 3.0 ksi f’c < 3.0 ksi
lcb With ties With spirals Other cases lcb
m = 0.83 m = 0.75 m = 1.0 m = 1.33
Bar Size 0.5*fy*db lc = m*lcb lc = m*lcb lc = m*lcb lc = m*lcb
3 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1’-0” 1'-3"
4 1’-3” 1’-1” 1’-0” 1’-3” 1'-8"
5 1’-7” 1’-4” 1’-3” 1’-7” 2'-1"
6 1’-11” 1’-7” 1’-5" 1’-11” 2'-6"
7 2’-4” 1’-10” 1’-8” 2’-3” 2'-11"
8 2’-6” 2’-1” 1’-11” 2’-6” 3'-4"
9 2’-10” 2’-5” 2’-2” 2’-10” 3'-9"
10 3’-2” 2’-8” 2’-5” 3’-3” 4'-3"
11 3’-7” 3’-0” 2’-8” 3’-7” 4'-9"
Notes:
1. The length of lap, lc, shall not be less than 12”.
2. Where ties along the splice have an effective area not less than 0.15 percent of the product
of the thickness of the compression component times the tie spacing, m = 0.83.
3. Where bars of different size are lap spliced in compression, the splice length shall not be less
than the development length of the larger bar or the splice length of the smaller bar.

DATE: 31Oct2018
LAP SPLICE LENGTHS – BARS IN COMPRESSION FILE NO. 07.02-20
Welded Wire, Shear Reinforcement and Mechanical Devices
For deformed / welded wire fabric, shear reinforcement and mechanical anchorage devices, and
any other situations not covered in the chapter, see the current AASHTO LRFD specifications.

DATE: 31Oct2018
WELDED WIRE, SHEAR REINF. AND MECH. DEVICES FILE NO. 07.02-21
Marking System for Reinforcement in Bridges
Reinforcing bars must have identification on engineering drawing to avoid confusion and to
facilitate proper placement of bars in various parts of the structure.
The Structure and Bridge Division has adopted a standardized marking system. This system
makes it convenient for the fabricator to fabricate, bundle, tag, and deliver the reinforcing bars, as
well as provides the convenience of bar sizes provided on all detailed drawings.
All reinforcing bars are to be designated by a six-character mark which will be used on the
engineering drawings and reinforcing steel schedules. The marking system will consist of a group
of letters and numbers.
The first character consists of a letter to indicate the major part of the structure in which the bar is
located. The type of structure element is usually indicated by the following letters.
A - Abutments M - Median
P - Piers E - End (usually used for slab end
S - Superstructure Slab bars on skewed slabs)
R - Railing, Parapet B - Concrete Beam
The second character consists of a letter to indicate the type of reinforcing bar or its more precise
location within the major structural element. The bars are usually indicated by the following
letters:
F - Footings B - Bent, Backwall, Spiral, Slab, Terminal Wall

S - Stirrups, Seats, Slab N - Nose
V - Vertical T - Temperature, Terminal Wall, Tie, Transverse
P - Pads C - Caps, Slab (straight)
H - Horizontal P - Diaphragm
W - Wingwall, Sidewalk D - Diaphragm
L - Longitudinal K - “K” Parapet
Third and fourth characters consist of two numbers to designate the bar size, such as:
04 - #4 bar
06 - #6 bar
11 - #11 bar
The fifth and sixth characters consist of two numbers to designate the order in the same group of
bars, such as:
01 - first bar in the lettered series

02 - second bar in the lettered series
03 - third bar in the lettered series
Examples: #8 Bar in pier footing: PF0801

#4 Bar in pier footing: PF0402
#5 Bar in pier footing: PF0503

DATE: 10Mar2015
IDENTIFICATION SHEET 1 of 2
MARKING SYSTEM FOR REINFORCEMENT IN BRIDGES FILE NO. 07.03-1
Marking System for Reinforcement in Bridge (Cont’d)
Additional marks also can be used to clarify the drawing but will not be used with the reinforcing
schedules. Examples are:
N.F. - Near Face

F.F. - Far Face
E.F. - Each Face
1 E.F. - One Each Face
Bottom
Top
A number followed by a dash before the mark can be used to indicate the number of bars in the
same place when only one bar is visible on the drawing.
Several sample designations are explained below:
THE FOLLOWING NOTES SHALL BE PLACED ON THE REINFORCING STEEL

SCHEDULE(S):
NOTES: Dimensions in the bending diagram are out-to-out of bars.
If fabrication of deck slab bars is not possible for the length detailed and multiple bars are
required, bars shall have the least number of Class B splices possible. Splices shall be located
approximately at points of contraflexure, and splices in alternate bars shall be located in different
bays.
Full length straight bars (top and bottom) may be substituted for truss bars (SB Series) in the
deck superstructure at no extra cost to the Department.
These notes are automatically placed on the Reinforcing Steel Sheets when the
VDOT MDL program is run and a plot request is made.

DATE: 10Mar2015
IDENTIFICATION SHEET 2 of 2
MARKING SYSTEM FOR REINFORCEMENT IN BRIDGES FILE NO. 07.03-2

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TABLE OF CONTENTS – REINFORCING STEEL

TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INTRODUCTION

07.TOC-1 Table of Contents – Chapter 7 ................................................................. 31Oct2018

REINFORCING STEEL PROPERTIES

07.01-1 Physical Properties and Bar Length ......................................................... 31Oct2018

LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS

07.02-1 Basic Development Lengths – Bars in Tension ....................................... 31Oct2018

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8½ x 11.

07.03-1 Marking System for Reinforcement in Bridges ........................................ 10Mar2015

* Indicates 11 x 17 sheet; all others are 8½ x 11.

Several major changes to past practices are as follows:

#3 3/8 or 0.375 0.11 0.376 1.178

#4 1/2 or 0.500 0.20 0.668 1.571

#5 5/8 or 0.625 0.31 1.043 1.963

#6 3/4 or 0.750 0.44 1.502 2.356

#7 7/8 or 0.875 0.60 2.044 2.749

#8 1.000 0.79 2.670 3.142

#9 1⅛ or 1.128 1.00 3.400 3.544

#10 1¼ or 1.270 1.27 4.303 3.990

#11 1½ or 1.410 1.56 5.313 4.430

#14 1¾ or 1.693 2.25 7.650 5.316

#18 2¼ or 2.257 4.00 13.600 7.088

Reinforcing Steel Bar Length:

REINFORCING STEEL PART 2

REINFORCING STEEL PART 2

Basic Development Length ldb = 2.4dbfy/(f’c)

4. For the requirements for bundled bars, see AASHTO 5.10.8.2.3.

REINFORCING STEEL PART 2

Modification factors which increase development length ld:

Reinforcement location factor (rl)

Concrete density modification factor (

 Normal weight concrete 1.0

Modification factors which decrease development length ld:

Excess reinforcement factor (er) As-required /As-provided

Reinforcement confinement factor (rc) shall satisfy

ktr = transverse reinforcement index = 40Atr/(sn)

s = maximum center-to-center spacing of transverse reinforcement within ld (in.)

n = number of bars developed along plane of splitting

wc = unit weight of concrete (kcf)

REINFORCING STEEL PART 2

LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS

MOD. DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

FILE NO. 07.02-3

LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS

MOD. DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

FILE NO. 07.02-4

LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS

MOD. DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

FILE NO. 07.02-5

LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS

MOD. DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

4. For the requirements for bundled bars, see AASHTO 5.10.8.2.3.

5. The maximum size of the coarse aggregate is assumed to be 1 inch.

FILE NO. 07.02-6

LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS

MOD. DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

4. For the requirements for bundled bars, see AASHTO 5.10.8.2.3.

5. The maximum size of the coarse aggregate is assumed to be 1 inch.

FILE NO. 07.02-7

LAPS AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS

MOD. DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS – BARS IN TENSION

4. For the requirements for bundled bars, see AASHTO 5.10.8.2.3.

5. The maximum size of the coarse aggregate is assumed to be 1 inch.