Pradeep SINGH

Advanced surveying using

Total Station
 Advanced Surveying
• The area of Surveying is progressing at a rapid state than any divisions
under Civil Engineering.

• The traditional survey methods had changed in response to rapid

advancements in technologies. Fast developments in Computer
Technology and Information Technology totally erased the concept of
traditional surveying methods.

• Introduction of Total Station, Electronic Distance Measurements

(EDM), Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information
System (GIS), Remote Sensing, and Aerial Photogrammetry gave a
new concept “Spatial Information Technology” or simply
“Geoinformatics”
 Electronic Theodolite

Horizontal and Vertical angle Reading

• An electronic Theodolite measures horizontal

and vertical angles and display the values
using an LCD display.
• The values can be stored in the inbuilt memory
of the Theodolite or can be stored using
external storage devices.
 Distomat

A Distomat is an electronic device that measure the distance between a Theodolite and a
target (Prism) using electromagnetic radiations. When a distomat is fixed with an
electronic theodolite it serves as a total station
Distomat and Distomat fixed Ordinary and Electronic Theodolites
What is a Total Station??
• It is a combination of an electronic Theodolite, an
electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and a
microprocessor with memory unit.
• Electronic theodolite calculates horizontal angle and
vertical angle. EDM calculates horizontal distance,
vertical distance and sloping distance. CPU calculates
co-ordinates under the target with reference to the total
station co-ordinate, instrument height and target height.
Total Station - New Model [Old model Total Station] Older versions were having a
separate data recorder

The Original name of this machine was electronic Tacheometer, 30 years ago
Hewlett -Packard introduced the name Total Station
Wild –Total Station
1990 Model and
data collector
 Advantages of Total Station…
1. Quick setting of the instrument on the tripod using the optical plummet
/ Laser Plummet
2. On- board area computation programme to compute the area of the
field.
3. Greater accuracy in area computation because of the possibility of
taking arcs in area computation.
4. Graphical view of plots and land for quick visualization.
5. Coding to do automated mapping.
6. Enormous plotting and area computation at any user required scale.
7. Integration of data base.
8. Automation of old maps.
9. Full GIS creation (using Map info software)
10. Local language support.
 Disadvantages of Total Station…

1. Their use does not provide hard copies of field notes. Hence, it
may be difficult for the surveyor to look over and check the work
while surveying.
2. For an overall check of the survey, it will be necessary to return
to the office and prepare the drawings using appropriate software.

3. They should not be used for observations of the sun, unless

special filters, such as the Troelof’s prism, are used. If not, the
EDM part of the instrument will be damaged.
4. The instrument is costly, and for conducting surveys using total
station, skilled personnel are required.
Principle of Total Station
 Principle of EDM
• EDM calculates the distance by measuring
the phase shift of a radiated electromagnetic
wave from the Main unit of EDM and
measures the phase shift after the wave
reflected back to EDM through the reflector
which is positioned at a measurement point
• Automatic Total Stations.

➢
Most common Total station used now-a-days.

➢
They sense both the horizontal and vertical angles electronically
and measure the slope distances, compute the horizontal and
vertical components of those distances, and determine the co-
ordinates of observed points.

➢
To compute the coordinates of observed points, it is necessary to
properly orient the instrument to some known direction such as
true north, magnetic north or to some known bearing.
 Advancement in Total Station Technology…
• Servo – Driven and Robotic Total Station.

➢
Their added functionality makes them suitable for intense mapping.

• Servo – Driven Total Station.

➢
Are particularly appealing where automatic pointing is
desired.
➢
Done by using motors to aim and position the instrument.
• Robotic Total Station.
➢
Can be set up over a control point and left
there while the surveyor carries the prism
to the various points that are to be located.
➢
The instrument itself will track the prism
when the surveyor presses a button at his
position and the instrument will quickly
and accurately take the necessary readings.
➢
Have the advantages of being controlled
from the prism point, thus making coding
and quality control at the point being
measured, which greatly influences the
usability and quality of the data.
 Automatic Target Recognition…
• Utilizes an infrared light bundle sent coaxially through the
telescope.

• In such types of instrument, the telescope must be pointed roughly

at the target prism first, either manually or under software control
and then the instrument will do the rest.

• ATR comes with a lock-on mode, where the instrument, once

sighted at the prism, will continue to follow the prism as it is moved
from station to station.
TOTAL STATION (A.T.R)
(Automatic Target Recognition)
Latest Total Station Based Technologies

Total Station Integrated with GPS.

Advantages:

1. A full survey solution

2. Fast and precise surveying
3. Initialization is fast and precise
4. Cross checking of the work is
possible in the field itself.
5. Mixed mode surveying
 Imaging Total Station

• Built in with two digital cameras for capturing digital images

(Terrestrial Photogrammetry), Long Range EDM for simultaneous
digital mapping and topographic surveying.
3D Laser Scanner with Total Station Features

• Laser ScanStation features a full horizontal and vertical

field of view like Total Station

• Capture Range - 300m, 90% surface reflectivity combines

with a bundle of narrow beams and ultra scanning
capabilities to handle the vast majority of typical site for
reflector less measurements
Reflectors…
• Reflectors are used to reflect the transmitted
signals from an EDM instrument.

Single Prism
(1.7m – 3.5 km)
Reflecting
Prism
Reflectors Multiple Prism (1.7m – 5.5km)
Reflecting Tape
(1.7m - 250m)
 Classification of prism according
to shape…
• Mini Prism

• J P Mini Prism

• Round Prism

0
• 360 Prism
Rays used in Total Station…

Infra-red rays..
--For sighting..
--Invisible rays..
Rays
Red Laser..
--For centering..
--Visible rays..
 APPLICATION OF TOTAL STATONS
IN VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
• Survey Field • P W D/ other civil
Survey Department Organizations
• Field measurement Book • For Levelling
From1970/Digitization • Best Fit alignment for
• Re-Survey new roads
• Land acquisition • Cut/Fill Calculations
 APPLICATION OF TOTAL STATONS IN VARIOUS
ORGANIZATIONS
• Forestry • Costal
• Plantation survey Management
• Extant of • Maintaining coastal zone
Encroachment etc..
• Disaster • Defence
• Construction,Missile
Management lanchuing,azimuth etc..
• Satellite azimuth
• Land slides, Dam settings, observation,Antenna
Dam monitoring etc.. erection etc..
Industrial applications of Total Station

Alignment of shafts,Building Blocks

Ship Building
Industrial applications of Total Station

Alignment of main shaft of air craft

Production of Machineries
 Trimble PENTAX SOKKIA
Instruments….
• Leica
• Sokkia
• Topcon
• Pentax
LEICA
• Trimble PENTAX

• Nikon
• Kolida
• Sanding
• South etc…
 Important Parts of Total
Stations
1) Optical sight
2) Integrated guide light EGL
(optional)
3) Vertical drive
4) Battery
5) Battery stand
6) Battery cover
7) Eyepiece; focussing graticule
8) Focussing telescope image
9) Detachable carrying handle with mounting screws
10) Serial interface RS232
11) Foot screw
12) Objective with integrated Electronic Distance
Measurement (EDM); Beam exit
13) Display
14) Keyboard
15) Circular level
16) On/Off key
17) Trigger key
18) Horizontal drive
 Total Station Setup (General)-1
1. Set Job
i. Setup the instrument over a known / arbitrary station,
Level the instrument and switch on the TS. Release both
horizontal and vertical locks. Adjust the telescope to best
fit to surveyor’s eye and make cross-hair sharp and clear
ii. Open a new file. Give name of the work, name of
surveyor, input date and time if necessary and input
temperature and atmospheric pressure if necessary.
iii. Input unit for measurement (degrees, minutes,
seconds and meters) and prism constant
 Total Station Setup-2
2. Set Station

i. Input name of the station over which the total station is

setup. Input coordinates of the station in Easting, Northing
and Height (or ellipsoidal height) (0, 0, 0 or 1000, 1000,10
etc.,)

ii. Measure height of the instrument and input that value

into the total station.
 Total Station Setup-3
3. Orientation
i. Place a prism rod on a point to which the TS is to be
oriented. Through the telescope of the TS sight the
target point and then make horizontal angle zero/give
the bearing of the line of sight /give the coordinate of
the points in Easting and Northing.
ii. Input the target height(height of prism rod), point id
of the target and its parameters according to
manufacturer’s directions.
iii. Start the work.
 Observation session
The Observer records all numerical data and a little text data in the Total Station.
Even then, the observer should record some graphic information and details of
the point in a field book. Following is a suggested list for the survey records.
• 1. Place, date and time
• 2. Surveyor’s name
• 3. Temperature, atmospheric pressure
• 4. Station coordinate (E0, N0, H0), UTM by GPS and Hi
• 5. Backsight coordinates (Slope Distance, Vertical and Horizontal Angels),
(E, N, H), UTM by GPS and Height of reflector.
• 6. Azimuth mark HZ, Sketch of telescope view.
• 7. Sketch map of the sight and measured objects
• 8. Description of measurement.
Point ID number, object and Height of reflector. Repeat this for each object, or
group of points measured with different prism height.
• 9. Backsight coordinates measured again at the end.
 LIST OF SYMBOLS
• T.S. = Total Station
• PtID = Point ID
• IR = Infrared laser
• RL = Red Laser
• Hz = Horizontal angle
• ΔLin = Distance down a baseline
• ΔOff = Distance off of a baseline
• East = Easting
• North = Northing
• Height = Elevation
• E0 = Station Easting
• N0 = Station Northing
• H0 = Station Elevation
• hi = Height of instrument as measured from the
ground surface to the “tilting” or “Trunion” axis.
• hr = Reflector height
• EDM = Electronic Distance Measurement
 Precautions to be taken while using
a Total Station…
• Always carry the total station in a locked hard case
even for a very short distance. Take the total station
out of the hard case only for fixing it firmly on a tripod
for taking observations.

• Do not move or carry a tripod with the total station

fixed on it, except for centering.

• Use both hands to hold the total station handle.

• Never release the handle before the total station is
fixed with the tripod’s fixing screw.

• Set up the tripod as stable as possible.

• Always keep the top of the tripod, the bottom and top of
the tribrach and the bottom of the total station clean and
away from shock and impact.

• Take maximum care when the tribrach is removed from

the total station.

• Do not make the total station wet.

 Errors in Total Station…
• Pointing Errors.
• Uneven Heating of the Instrument.
• Collimation Errors.
• Vertical Angles and Elevations.
• Atmospheric Corrections.
• Optical Plummet Errors.
• Adjustment of Prism Poles.
• Recording Errors.
• Angles.
Softwares used….
• Down loading software.
»Leica Geo-
office tool
»Leica Survey office
»Data Link – Pentax
»NTS-Com - South
• Working software.
»LisCAD
»Auto-Plotter
Leica….
Leica….
• Leica – TC407 is from
switzerland
• 407 means 400 series with 7”
accuracy.
 Levelling up of a Total Stations
1.Extend the legs of the tripod as far as is required and tighten the screws firmly.
2. Set up the tripod so that the tripod plate is as horizontal as possible and the legs of
the tripod are firm in the ground.
3. Now, and only now, place the instrument on the tripod and secure it with the
central fixing screw.
After setting up the instrument, level it up approximately with the bull’s-eye bubble. Turn
two of the footscrews together in opposite directions. The index finger of your right
hand indicates the direction in which the bubble should move Now use the third
footscrew to centre the bubble
To check, rotate the instrument 180°. Afterwards, the bubble should remain
within the setting circle. If it does not, then readjustment is required user
Application programs

Surveying

This programmes is used for the measurement

of an unlimited number of points.
Surveying…
• Used for locating points or preparing plans…

MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

SURVEYING

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION NO:

SELECT ‘ENH’

ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES

C
 C

OK

ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

D
 D

MANUAL ANGLE SETTING

---BRG: 000 00’00” (USING HZ=0)
---HR: m
---POINT:

SIGHT ORIENTATION POINT AND

PRESS ‘ALL/REC’

START

SIGHT SURVEYING POINTS AND

PRESS ‘ALL’

E
 E

RESULT:- PtID:-
HR:- m
HZ:-
V:-

:- m

:- m

:- m

E :- m
N :- m
H :- m
 Remote heights
The height difference
between a ground point
and a high point can be
calculated at the touch of a
button.
Remote Height…
• To find the vertical distance of the object…

MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

REMOTE HEIGHT

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION NO:

SELECT ‘ENH’

ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES

C
 C

OK

ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

D
 D

MANUAL ANGLE SETTING

---BRG: 000 00’00” (USING HZ=0)
---HR: m
---POINT:

SIGHT ORIENTATION POINT AND

PRESS ‘ALL/REC’

START

SIGHT BASE POINT OF OBJECT AND

PRESS ‘ALL’

E
 E

SIGHT TOP POINT OF

OBJECT

POINT 1:-
POINT 2:-
:- m
:- m

SELECT OK (FOR RECORDING)

OR
SELECT ‘BASE’ (FOR NEW
OBJECT)
Application programs

AREA

Determine the boundary points in clockwise direction .

The area is calculated automatically at the touch of a button.
AREA & VOLUME…
• To find the area of the plot with respect to
minimum 3 points…
MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

AREA & VOLUME

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION NO:

SELECT ‘ENH’

ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES

C
 C

OK

ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

D
 D

MANUAL ANGLE SETTING

---BRG: 000 00’00” (USING HZ=0)
---HR: m
---POINT:

SIGHT ORIENTATION POINT AND

PRESS ‘ALL/REC’

START

SIGHT MINIMUM 3 POINTS AND

PRESS ‘ALL’

E
 E

SELECT VOLUME

ENTER HEIGHT
DIFFERENCE

OK

SELECT ‘RESULT’

F
 F

POINTS:-
AREA:- m2
AREA:- ha
PERIMETER:- m
VOLUME:-m3

SELECT ‘ADD Tg’ (FOR CONTINUATION

OF WORK)
OR
SELECT ‘NEW AREA’ (FOR NEW WORK)
Reference Line…

• To set out perpendicular offset to a line…

MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

REFERENCE LINE

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION NO:

SELECT ‘ENH’

ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES

C
 C

OK

ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

D
 D

MANUAL ANGLE SETTING

---BRG: 000 00’00” (USING HZ=0)
---HR: m
---POINT:

SIGHT ORIENTATION POINT AND

PRESS ‘ALL/REC’

START

SIGHT FIRST POINT AND PRESS

‘ALL’

E
 E

SIGHT SECOND POINT AND

PRESS ‘ALL’

SELECT ‘STAKE’

ENTER LINE AND OFFSET

VALUES OF PtID

OK

F
 F

ROTATE HZ TO BECOME0000’00”
USING HORIZONTAL DRIVE

SIGHT AND ADJUST THE POIN T

PRESS ‘DIST’

LOCATE THE POINT

PRESS ‘REC’
Tie distances

The Programme determines the distance and

height difference between two points.
Tie Distance…
• To find , , and Grade between 2 objects…
• 2 methods:
➢
Polygon method
2
1 3 4 1-2, 2-3, 3-4
➢
Radial method
2 3
1
4 5
1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5
• Grade = (Level difference between 2
points / Total distance) * 100

MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

TIE DISTANCE

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION NO:

SELECT ‘ENH’

ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES

C
 C

OK

ENTER INSTRUMENT HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

D
 D

MANUAL ANGLE SETTING

---BRG: 000 00’00” (USING HZ=0)
---HR: m
---POINT:

SIGHT ORIENTATION POINT AND PRESS

‘ALL/REC’

START

SELECT POLYGON/ RADIAL

E
 E

SIGHT FIRST POINT AND

PRESS ‘ALL’

•SIGHT SECOND POINT AND

PRESS ‘ALL’

POINT 1 :-
POINT 2:-
GRADE :- ٪
:- m

:- m

:- m

F
 F

SELECT New Pt 1 (FOR NEW WORK)

OR
New Pt 2 ( FOR CONTINUATION OF
WORK)
OR
POLYGON/ RADIAL
Free-station surveys

Calculate the position and height of the Instrument

station from reference at least two points
Free Station…
• To find the co-ordinates of station with respect to
minimum 2 known points…
MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

FREE STATION

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET ACCURACY LIMIT

SELECT ‘SET’

START

ENTER STATION DATA

STATION :-
Hi :- m

C
 C

OK

ENTER TARGET DATA

PtID :-
Hr:- m

OK

ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES

D
 E

OK

SIGHT PtID AND PRESS ‘ALL’

SELECT ‘ COMPUTE’

THE INSTRUMENT WILL DISPLAY STANDARD DEVIATIONS IN EAST,

NORTH, HEIGHT AND ANGLE AND “DO U WANT TO PROCEED?”
PRESS ‘YES’

F
 F

STATION CO-ORDINATES
STATION :-
Hi :- m
Eo :- m
No :- m
Ho :- m

OK
Stake out

Programme calculate the required elements to stake

out points from co-ordinate or manually entered
angles ,
horizontal distance and heights
Stake Out…
• To fix points on the ground with respect to 2 known points…
• 3 methods:
1. FIND Method
➢
The instrument will contain the details
of the points i.e the station point and
orientation point.

2. ENH Method
3. B and D Method (Bearing and Distance
Method)
1.FIND Method…
MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

STAKE OUT

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION NO:

SELECT ‘FIND’

OK

C
 C

ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

CO-ORDINATES

ENTER B.S PtID

D
 D

SIGHT B.S PtID AND PRESS

‘ALL’

START

SELECT PtID / ENTER SEARCH NO:

OK

MAKE HZ =0000’00”

E
 E

SIGHT AND
ADJUST THE
POINT

PRESS DIST

LOCATE THE POINT

AND PRESS ‘REC’
2. ENH Method…
MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

STAKE OUT

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME, OPERATOR

NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION NO:

SELECT ‘ENH’

ENTER ‘ENH’ VALUES

OK

C
 C

ENTER INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

CO-ORDINATES

ENTER B.S PtID

D
 D

ENTER ‘ENH’ VALUES OF

B.S PtID

OK

SIGHT B.S Pt ID AND PRESS ‘ALL’

START

ENTER SEARCH NO:

E
 E

ENTER ‘ENH’ VALUES OF

SEARCH NO:

OK

MAKE HZ =0000’00”

SIGHT AND ADJUST THE POINT

PRESS ‘DIST’

LOCATE THE POINT AND

PRESS ‘REC’
3. B and D Method…

MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

STAKE OUT

SET JOB

---ENTER JOB NAME,

OPERATOR NAME, REMARKS.

OK

B
 B

SET STATION

ENTER STATION
NO:

SELECT ‘ENH’

ENTER ‘ENH’
VALUES

OK

C
 C

ENTER
INSTRUMENT
HEIGHT

OK

SET ORIENTATION

D
 D

MANUAL ANGLE SETTING

---BRG: 000 00’00” (USING HZ=0)
---HR: m
---POINT:

SIGHT ORIENTATION POINT AND PRESS

‘ALL/REC’

START

SELECT B and D

E
 E

ENTER BEARING AND

DISTANCE TO TARGET
PtID:-
Brg:-
:- m

SIGHT AND ADJUST THE POINT

PRESS ‘DIST’

LOCATE THE POINT AND PRESS ‘REC’

Programs in
Kolida….
REM…
• To find the vertical distance of the object…

MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

REM

INPUT R.HT

SELECT ‘*’ AND EDM

SELECT ‘PRISM’ AND

‘ESC’

B
 B

SIGHT THE REFLECTOR AND SELECT ‘MEAS’

AND ‘SET’

SIGHT THE TOP POINT OF THE OBJECT

VD:- m

SET HD (FOR NEW

OBJECT)

C
 C

NO R.HT

SELECT ‘*’ AND EDM

SELECT ‘NON PRISM’

AND ‘ESC’

D
 D

SIGHT THE BASE POINT OF OBJECT

AND SELECT ‘MEAS’ AND ‘SET’

SIGHT THE TOP POINT OF THE

OBJECT

VD:- m

SET HD (FOR NEW

OBJECT)
AREA…
• To find the area of the plot with respect to
minimum 3 points…
MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

AREA

FILE DATA

MEASUREMENT

SIGHT MINIMUM 3 POINTS AND

SELECT ‘MEAS’ AND ‘SET’

B
 B

AREA :- m2

SELECT ‘UNIT’ (HECTARES,

Ft2 , ACRES)
MLM- Missing Line Measurement…
• To find , , and Grade between 2 objects…

MENU

PROGRAM

A
 A

MLM

Don’t Use

Select A-B, A-C

Or
A-B, B-C

SIGHT FIRST POINT AND SELECT SIGHT SECOND POINT AND

‘MEAS’ AND ‘SET’ SELECT ‘MEAS’ AND ‘SET’

D Hd :- m
D Vd :- m

D Hd :- m
D Vd :- m
Data Collect
To collect the details from the ground for
preparing plan, area, profile, c/s etc.

MENU

DATA COLLECT

A
 A

Select file name

Fn :-

•Occ pt
Pt :-
Id :-
Inst. Hgt :-

Select OCNEZ
Select NEZ(enter NEZ value)

Rec (yes)

B
 B

Back sight

Pt :-
Id :-
R. Hgt :-

Select BS

Select NEZ(enter NEZ value)

Ok
Sight BS point select MEAS, NEZ
& SET

C
 C

Select FS /SS
(Fore sight /Side shot)

Bisect point and

press ALL
Lay Out…
To fix the points on the ground with respect to minimum
2 known points.

List Method
MENU

LAYOUT

A
 A

SELECT FILE NAME

(FROM LIST)

OCC. Pt INPUT

SELECT OCCUPIED POINT (FROM LIST)

OK

BACKSIGHT

B
 B

SELECT B.S NO:

(FROM LIST)

OK

SIGHT B.S POINT AND SELECT ‘YES’

LAYOUT

SELECT SEARCH POINT NO: (FROM

LIST)

C
 C

SELECT ANGLES

ROTATE THE INSTRUMENT TO MAKE

dHR=0000’00”

SIGHT AND ADJUST THE POINT

PRESS ‘DIST’ AND MODE

LOCATE THE POINTS AND FIX THE

POINTS ON THE GROUND
Lay Out…
To fix the points on the ground with respect to minimum
2 known points.

NEZ Method
MENU

LAYOUT

A
 A

SELECT FILE NAME

OK

OCC. Pt INPUT

NEZ

ENTER NEZ VALUES OF THE STATION

POINT

B
 B

OK

BACKSIGHT

NEZ

ENTER NEZ VALUES OF B.S

OK

C
 C

SIGHT B.S POINT AND SELECT ‘YES’

LAYOUT

NEZ

ENTER NEZ VALUE OF SEARCH POINT

OK

D
 D

ROTATE THE INSTRUMENT TO MAKE

dHR=0000’00”

SIGHT AND ADJUST THE POINT

PRESS ‘DIST’

LOCATE THE POINTS AND FIX THE

POINTS ON THE GROUND
Resection…
• To find the co-ordinates of station with respect to
minimum 2 known points…
MENU

LAYOUT

A
 A

ENTER FILE NAME

OK

SELECT NEXT PAGE

NEW POINT

RESECTION

B
 B

ENTER NEW POINT NO: (STATION)

NO.01:-

NEZ

ENTER NEZ VALUE OF FIRST POINT

OK

C
 C

SIGHT FIRST POINT AND SELECT ‘DIST’

NO.02:-

NEZ

ENTER NEZ VALUE OF SECOND POINT

OK

D
 D

SIGHT SECOND POINT AND SELECT ‘DIST’

THE INSTRUMENT WILL DISPLAY THE ERROR

IN dHD and dZ

SELECT ‘CALC’

SELECT ‘NEZ’

THE INSTRUMENT WILL DISPLAY THE

NEZ VALUES OF STATION

REC. (YES)