REVIEW FISIOLOGI

SISTEM RESPIRASI
Bagian Fisiologi

Departemen Biomedik

Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter

FKIK UIN Alauddin Makassar

2019
RESPIRATION
• Movement of air in and out of the lungs, commonly called breathing, or
ventilation

• Exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood, called
external respiration

• Transport of gases by the blood between the lungs and body cells

• Exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells, also called internal
respiration

• Oxygen (O2) use and production of carbon dioxide (CO2) by body cells as
part of the process of cellular respiration
RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
• Ventilation

• Diffusion

• Transportation

• Acid Base Regulation

Ventilation
Ventilation (2)
Changes in lung volume,
alveolar pressure, pleural
pressure, and
transpulmonary pressure
during normal breathing.
LUNG VOLUME AND CAPACITY
• VT = 500ml

• IRV = 3000ml

• ERV = 1100ml

• RV = 1200ml

• IC = VT + IRV

• FRC = ERV + RV

• VC = VT + IRV + ERV

• TLC = IC + FRC
Anatomical Dead Space
Non-Respiratory
Air Movement
RESPIRATION
CONTROL
RESPIRATION
CONTROL (2)
SISTEM KEMORESEPTIF PERIFER

• Badan karotis à Nervus Hering à

Nervus Glossopharyngeus

• Badan aorta à Nervus Vagus

Dorsal Respiratory Group

• Po 2 arteri
DIFFUSION
• Driven by concentration gradients:
– differences in partial pressure of the individual gases.

• Movement of O2 and CO2 between the level of the

respiratory bronchiole and that of the alveolar space
depends only on diffusion.
• The distances are small, so diffusion here is fast.
GAS TRANSPORT
• When PO2 is high, as in the pulmonary capillaries, O2 binds with the
hemoglobin, but when PO2 is low, as in the tissue capillaries, O2 is released
from the hemoglobin. Is is the basis for almost all O2 transport from the
lungs to the tissues.
Reveals the amount of haemoglobin
saturation at different PO2 values.
In Review
1) Oxygen is transported in the blood primarily
bound to haemoglobin though a small amount
is dissolved in blood plasma.
2) Haemoglobin oxygen saturation decreases.
1) When PO2 decreases.
2) When pH decreases.
3) When temperature increases.
In Review
Each of these conditions can reflect increased
local oxygen demand. They increase oxygen
uploading in the needy area.
3) Haemoglobin is usually about 98% saturated
with oxygen. This reflects a much higher
oxygen content than our body requires, so the
blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity seldom limits
performance.
In Review
4) Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood primarily as bicarbonate ion.
This prevents the formation of carbonic acid, which can cause H+ to
accumulate, decreasing the pH. Smaller amounts of carbon dioxide are
carried either dissolved in the plasma or bound to haemoglobin
• pH 7.35-7.45

• PaCO2 35-45

• [HCO3-] 22-27
WASSALAM, THANK YOU