CAMERA BASED REAR VIEW DISPLAY FOR

DRIVES OF FOUR WHEELERS

Presented by : Sunita Kumari

: Manjunath
 AGENDA

 BACKGROUND INFORMATION APPLICATIONS AND OBJECTIVES

 SYSTEM LEVEL STUDY
 EXISTING SYSTEMS,IF ANY
 HOW DO THEY WORK: WORKING PRINCIPLE
 SCHEMATIC LAYOUT,BLOCK DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS
 IMAGES,VIDEO CLIPS AND REFERENCES
 TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL: PRELIMINARY STUDY
 CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND RISK FACTORS
 COST FACTORS: AFFORDABILITY
 DIFFERENT OPTIONS AND RELATIVE RATING
BACKGROUND INFORMATION APPLICATIONS AND OBJECTIVES

A Rear view camera is a special type of video camera that is produced specifically
for the purpose of being attached to the rear of a vehicle to aid in backing up, and
to alleviate the rear blind spot. Backup cameras are alternatively known as
'reversing cameras' or 'backup camera'. It is specifically designed to avoid a
Backup collision. The area directly behind vehicles has been described as a "killing
zone" due to the associated carnage.
The first back up camera was used in the 1956 Buick Centurion concept car,
presented in January 1956 at the General Motors Motorama. The vehicle had a
rear mounted television camera that sent images to a TV screen in the dashboard
in place of the rear-view mirror. The first production automobile to incorporate a
back up camera was the 1991 Toyota Soarer Limited (UZZ31 & UZZ32), which was
only available for the Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) and not on its U.S.
counterpart, the Lexus SC. The Toyota system used a colour EMV screen, with a
rear spoiler mounted CCD camera..
The system was discontinued in 1997. In April 2000, Nissan's Infiniti luxury
division introduced the RearView Monitor on the 2002 Q45 flagship sedan at the
2000 New York International Auto Show. Introducing coloured onscreen guide
lines as a parking distance parameter, the RearView Monitor operated from a
license-plate mounted camera in the trunk, that transmitted a mirrored image to
an in-dash (7 inch) LCD screen. It was available as optional equipment upon North
American market launch in March 2001. The 2002 Nissan Primera introduced the
RearView Monitor back up camera system to territories outside Japan and North
America
Backup cameras are common on vehicles that tow difficult-to-see trailers, such as
motorhomes. Recently, with the rise in popularity of in-dash DVD players and GPS
navigation systems which aid in justifying the expense of adding a color LCD
display to the driver's seat, they have become much more common, often
available as optional factory accessories on standard passenger trucks and sport
utility vehicles, as well as aftermarket accessories. Inside the vehicle, the display is
typically wired to automatically sense when the transmission is set in reverse,
showing the backup view while in reverse, and showing the map (or other
content) at all other times.
Backup cameras are produced in different varieties depending on the application.

 For large vehicles such as motorhomes, camera systems with built-in

servomechanisms allow the driver to remotely pan and tilt the camera.
 Built-in audio intercoms (one-way or two-way) are used in addition to the
camera system for communicating with a spotter outside the vehicle -
common when backing large trailers or launching boats.
 Night vision cameras use a series of infrared lights for backing in the dark,
when the positioning or the intensity of the vehicle's white reverse lights are
insufficient for this purpose.
 Portable or semi-permanent all-in-one camera systems (also known as
dashboard cameras) are sold typically for small vehicles that don't have
displays permanently installed in the dash. Such systems consist of a small
portable screen that hangs from the sun visor above, and a length of wire to
reach the cameras.
 License-plate-frame versions permit permanent installation without any
permanent vehicle modifications.
 Custom cameras are produced to fit specific makes and models of vehicles.
For example, for the Hummer H2, a specialized camera exists that replaces a
factory tail light and matches the original vehicle style. Other custom
cameras replace a brake light with a combination device that contains a
camera while still illuminating as a brake light.
 Backup or Reversing Cameras can be added as aftermarket additions to
vehicles that do not come with factory-fitted systems. They are available in
both wired and wireless versions.
 Backup or Rear-Camera Displays in the Rearview mirror can be used in
vehicles to detect activity behind the car to "avoid the tooling, software,
hardware, and testing costs associated with integrating the display/feature in
other areas of the vehicle."
 SYSTEM LEVEL STUDY & WORKING PRINCIPAL

The design of a backup camera is distinct from other cameras in that the image
is horizontally flipped so that the output is a mirror image. This is necessary
because the camera and the driver face opposite directions, and without it,
the camera's right would be on the driver's left and vice versa. A mirrored
image makes the orientation of the display consistent with the physical mirrors
installed on the vehicle. A backup camera typically sports a wide-angle or
fisheye lens. While such a lens spoils the camera's ability to see faraway
objects, it allows the camera to see an uninterrupted horizontal path from one
rear corner to the other. The camera is typically pointed on a downward angle,
to view potential obstacles on the ground as well as the position of
approaching walls and docks, rather than straight back.
 EXISTING SYSTEMS,IF ANY

Rear view camera is coming as different attachment of the four wheeler

SCHEMATIC LAYOUT,BLOCK DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS
 REFRENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_camera