VoLTE Interfaces Protocols IMS Stack

Gy Sh Ro
Gx Cx
Ici SIP Rx
UT IMS Sv
LTE
Mr ISC
Mj Mw
Mi Mg
http://TelecomTutorial.info
LTE / VoLTE IMS Protocols Interfaces
LTE (4G) IMS PSTN / Voice

Network Network Network
LTE RTP
LTE IMS IMS
User Plane Control Plane User Plane Control Plane
Diameter
Ex : S1 , S5, SGi Ex : S1 , S10 , S11 , S6 Ex : Gm , SIP , Izi Ex : Sh , Ro , Cx , Rx , Sv ,
ISC , Mw , Mg , Mi
SIP / SDP
UDP , TCP , SCTP
IMS Protocol
LTE Protocol
IP Layer
Stack
Stack
MAC / Data Link Layer
Physical / Ethernet
SCTP Vs UDP
SCTP ( Stream Control

UDP ( User Datagram Protocol )
Transmission Protocol )
• Requires Strong / Robust Media connectivity • Suited for Non-Reliable Media
• Provides Super Reliable Communication • Does not guarantee that Data in the order on
• Connection-oriented protocol similar to TCP receive
• Provides facilities such as multi-streaming • Minimal message-oriented transport layer
and multi-homing protocol
• Better performance and redundancy • Enables two hosts to connect and send short
• S1AP , X2AP , Diameter ( S6 , Gx , Gy ) messages to one another
• Best Suited for Control Plane & Close Reliable • User Plane : S1U , GTPv1U ( S5 , S8 )
Network such as Billing , Charging & • Control Plane : GTPv2C ( S5 , S8 )
Authentications • Best Suited for Long Distance & Open
Networks such as Roaming etc..
LTE / IMS Protocols Interfaces
• BICC
LTE (4G) IMS PSTN / Voice • ISUP
Network Network Network • SIP-I
LTE User LTE Control IMS User IMS Control

Plane Plane Plane Plane
• S1MME • Sh
• S5/S8 • Ro
• S10 • Cx
• S1U • S11 • Rx
• S5/S8 • S6a • Sv
• SGi • Gx • Gm • ISC
• Gy • SIP • Mw
• X2 • Izi • Mg
• SGs • Mi
• Mj
• Mr / Mr‘
GTPv2C , • UT
GTPv1U , S1AP , Diameter , • Ici
SGi AP (X2AP ,
SGSAP , S1AP ) SIP & SDP , HTTP ,
RTP , RTCP
Diameter , Megaco
VoLTE IMS Connectivity Overview
DIAMETER IMS Core
WORLD HSS
SIP
OCS
LTE Network
WORLD
MME
PCRF
IMS Voice
SGw PGw Network Network
Diameter , Control Plane

SIP Protocol , Control Plane
User Plane
SIP & Diameter Protocols
SIP ( Session Initiated

Diameter
Protocol )
• Used for Controlling Voice / Multimedia Calls • Evolution of RADIUS (AAA) Protocol -
& Uses RTP / RTCP for media plane Authentication, authorization, and accounting
• SIP manages set-up/establishing, tying (AAA) services
together, and tear-down/ terminating of • Reliable & Secure ( Runs on TCP / SCTP )
multimedia communications • Supports Failover mechanism to maintain
• 5 Functions of SIP :- a) User Location b) User redundancy
Availability c) User Capabilities d) Session Setup e) • Support for Proxy & Relay Agents
Session Management
• Support for Capability Negotiation via
Mandatory / Optional AVPs
• Provides Dynamic discovery of Peers
LTE Network – Protocols & Links LTE User LTE Control
Plane Plane
• S1MME
• S5/S8
• S10
• S1U • S11
• S5/S8 • S6a
• SGi • Gx
• Gy
• X2
MME • SGs
IMS
SGw PGw
Network
Internet
LTE Network Voice
• MME is only control Plane Network
• SGW / PGW is handling Media
S6a – LTE Protocols & Links
S6 Interface ( MME to HSS )
• Diameter Link connects MME to HSS
• Used for :-
DIAMETER • Authentication of User
• Download User Profile ( APN Allowed .. )
MME S6 HSS
IMS
SGw PGw
Network
Internet
Voice
Diameter , Control Plane , SCTP Network
SGs-AP , Control Plane , SCTP
GTP , Control Plane , UDP
User Plane
Gx & Gy – LTE Protocols & Links
Gx & Gy Links
• Gx : Diameter Link connects PGW to PCRF
• Used for QOS , Traffic Prioritization
• Gy : Diameter Link connects PGW to OCS

• Used for Balance Reservation , Internet Quota
Allocation & Management , Wallet for Services
MME S6 HSS
IMS
SGw PGw
Network
Gx Internet
Gy
Voice
Diameter , Control Plane , SCTP PCRF Network
OCS
User Plane
DIAMETER http://TelecomTutorial.info
GTP Interfaces – LTE Protocols & Links
GTP Interfaces GTP Interfaces – S10 , S11 , S5/S8
• GPRS Tunneling protocol is an important IP/UDP
based protocol used in GSM, UMTS and LTE core
MME
S10 • S10 : MME to MME

• S11 : MME to SGw
• S5 : SGw to PGw ( Local Network )
• S8 : SGw to PGw ( Roaming Network )
MME
S6 HSS
S11
S5 S8
IMS
SGw PGw
Network
Gx Internet
Gy
Voice
OCS
User Plane
S1MME / S1U – LTE Protocols & Links
S1 Interface
• The S1 interface in LTE is used between EnodeBs and
the EPC
MME
S10 • S1-MME : EnodeB to MME ( Control Plane )

• S1U : EnodeB to SGw ( User Plane )
MME S6 HSS
S11
S5 S8
IMS
S1U SGw PGw
Network
Gx Internet
Gy
Voice
OCS
User Plane
SGi Link – LTE Protocols & Links
SGi Interface
• SGi link is IP / TCP Interface Used as Exit path for
Traffic from LTE Networks to :-
MME • Internet
S10 • IMS Network
MME S6 HSS
S11
S5 S8
IMS
S1U SGw PGw SGi
Network
Gx Internet
Gy
Diameter , Control Plane , SCTP PCRF

OCS
SGs-AP , Control Plane , SCTP Voice
Network
User Plane
SGs Link – LTE Protocols & Links
SGs Interface
• Runs on SGsAP Protocol over SCTP
• Connect : MME to MSC
MME • Used for CS Fall of Voice calls where VoLTE is Not
S10 MSC Available . Also used for SMS & USSD
SGs
MME S6 HSS
S11
S5 S8
IMS
S1U SGw PGw SGi
Network
Gx Internet
Gy
Voice
OCS
User Plane
Complete LTE Network – Protocols & Links
MME
S10 MSC
SGs
MME S6 HSS
S11
S5 S8
IMS
S1U SGw PGw SGi
Network
Gx Internet
Gy
Voice
OCS
User Plane
IMS Core
HSS
OCS
MME
PCRF
IMS Voice
SGw PGw Gm Network Network

User Plane
IMS User IMS Control
Plane Plane
• Sh
• Ro
IMS Core • Cx
• Rx
• Sv
• Gm • ISC
HSS TAS MRF
•
•
SIP
Izi
•
•
Mw
Mg
MMTEL • Mi
OCS • Mj
• Mr / Mr‘
S6
I/S-CSCF • UT
Gy BGCF
• Ici
MME
PCRF
Gx
SGw PGw
SBC MGW BICC/ ISUP / SIP-I Voice
P-CSCF / ATCF MGCF / Network
/ ATGW IM-MGW
IBCF/ TrGW Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Rx DIAMETER
Rx
3GPP TS 29.214
IMS Core Creation of an appropriate
policy for a session for
HSS TAS Incoming or Outgoing Calls
MRF
MMTEL on Network via PCRF
OCS PCRF to P-CSCF
S6
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF
MME
PCRF
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
P-CSCF / MGCF / Network
ATCF / ATGW IM-MGW
Diameter , Control Plane IBCF/ TrGW
Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Cx DIAMETER
Cx
3GPP TS 29.228 , 29.229
IMS Core
I/S-CSCF communicates with
HSS to get user profile ,
HSS TAS MRF
Supports in user registration
MMTEL & Authentication
OCS
S6
Cx
I/S-CSCF to HSS
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF
MME
PCRF
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
ATCF / ATGW IM-MGW
Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Sh DIAMETER
Sh
3GPP TS 29.328 , 29.329
IMS Core
TAS download user profile
from HSS and enables
HSS Sh TAS MRF
service for user
MMTEL
OCS
TAS to HSS
Cx
S6
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF
MME
PCRF
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
ATCF / ATGW IM-MGW
Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Ro DIAMETER
Ro
IMS Core
TAS communicates with
OCS & Prepaid Platform
HSS
Sh
TAS MRF
for Online charging of
Ro MMTEL Voice Calls
OCS
S6
TAS to OCS
Cx
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF
MME
PCRF
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
ATCF / ATGW IM-MGW
Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Gm SIP / SDP
Gm
IMS Core
Enables connectivity
between the UE and the IMS
HSS Sh TAS
MRF
network for registration,
Ro MMTEL authentication, encryption,
OCS Cx and session control
S6
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF UE to P-CSCF
MME
PCRF
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
Gm P-CSCF / MGCF / Network
ATCF / ATGW IM-MGW
Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Mw SIP / SDP
Mw
IMS Core
Used to exchange messages
between CSCFs
HSS Sh TAS
MRF
( Ex : P-CSCF to S-CSCF )
Ro MMTEL
OCS Cx
P-CSCF to I/S-CSCF
S6 x-CSCF to x-CSCF
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF
MME
PCRF Mw
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
ATCF / ATGW IM-MGW
Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Mx SIP / SDP
Mx
IMS Core
Used for the interworking with
another IMS network, This is
HSS Sh TAS
MRF
used by CSCF to send SIP
Ro MMTEL message from BGCF to the
OCS Cx IBCF in the other network
S6
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF I/S-CSCF to IBCF
MME
PCRF Mw Mx
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
ATCF / ATGW IM-MGW
Ici / Izi Other IMS
User Plane Network
Mg SIP / SDP
Mg
IMS Core
Enables Interworking with
Circuit Switched Network to
HSS Sh TAS
MRF
the CSCF
MMTEL
Ro
I/S-CSCF to MGCF
OCS Cx
S6
Gy I/S-CSCF BGCF
MME
PCRF Mw Mx Mg
Rx
Gx MGW
SGw PGw
SBC MGCF /
BICC/ ISUP / SIP-I Voice
Gm P-CSCF / ATCF Network
IM-
/ ATGW MGW
User Plane Network
Mi SIP / SDP
Mi
IMS Core
Serving CSCF to forward the
SIP/SDP messages to the
HSS Sh TAS
MRF
Breakout Gateway Control
Ro MMTEL Function for the purpose of
OCS Cx MGCF selection for interworking
S6 with Circuit Switched networks
I/S-CSCF Mi BGCF
MME
Gy
I/SCSCF to BGCF
PCRF Mw Mx Mg
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
Gm P-CSCF / ATCF MGCF / Network
/ ATGW IM-MGW
User Plane Network
Mj SIP / SDP
Mj
IMS Core
Allows the Breakout Gateway
Control Function to exchange
HSS Sh TAS
MRF
SIP/SDP messages with the
Ro MMTEL MGCF for the purpose of
OCS Cx interworking with Circuit
S6 Switched networks
I/S-CSCF Mi BGCF
MME
Gy
BGCF to MGCF
PCRF Mw Mx Mg Mj
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
SBC MGW
BICC/ ISUP / SIP-I Voice
Gm P-CSCF / ATCF Network
/ ATGW MGCF /
Diameter , Control Plane IM-MGW
User Plane Network
ISC SIP / SDP
ISC
IMS Core
SCSCF Interact with the
HSS Sh TAS MMTel supplementary
MRF
Ro MMTEL services implemented
on the TAS
ISC
OCS
S6
Cx
S-CSCF to TAS
Gy I/S-CSCF Mi BGCF
MME
PCRF Mw Mx Mg Mj
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
/ ATGW IM-MGW
User Plane Network
Mr &
SIP / SDP
Mr’ Mr Mr’
IMS Core
Allow interaction with the
media resource (MRF) for
HSS Sh TAS Mr’ MRF
specific supplementary services
Ro MMTEL (e.g. conference call)
OCS Cx ISC Mr Mr : SCSCF – MRF
S6
Gy I/S-CSCF Mi BGCF Mr' : TAS – MRF
MME
PCRF Mw Mx Mg Mj
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
/ ATGW IM-MGW
User Plane Network
Ut XCAP
Ut
3GPP TS 24.623
IMS Core
Ut Allows user configuration of
the supplementary services
specified for VoLTE service
Ro MMTEL to Handset Directly
OCS Cx ISC Mr
S6
UE – TAS
Gy I/S-CSCF Mi BGCF
MME
PCRF Mw Mx Mg Mj
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
/ ATGW IM-MGW
User Plane Network
Sv GTPv2
Sv
IMS Core
Sv is a new special SV
interface is introduced to
support SRVCC functionality
S6 Ro MMTEL
MSC
OCS Mr
MME to MSC
Cx ISC
Sv
Gy I/S-CSCF Mi BGCF
MME
PCRF Mw Mx Mg Mj
Rx
Gx
SGw PGw
/ ATGW IM-MGW
User Plane Network
LTE / VoLTE IMS Network
TAS Mr’ MRF
MME MMTEL
Sh
Ro
HSS ISC Mr
S10
MSC
Sv
SGs
S6 OCS Cx
I/S-CSCF Mi BGCF IMS
MME
Gy
PCRF
Mw Mx Mg
Mj Core
S11 Rx
Gx
SBC MGW
SGw PGw SGi P-CSCF / ATCF
S1U Gm MGCF /
/ ATGW
IBCF/ TrGW IM-MGW
S5 S8
Diameter , Control Plane To Other To CS / PSTN

SIP Protocol , Control Plane IMS Networks Networks
User Plane Ici/Izi BICC/ ISUP/SIP-I
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VoLTE Interfaces Protocols IMS Stack

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VoLTE Interfaces Protocols IMS Stack

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Gy Sh Ro

LTE (4G) IMS PSTN / Voice

SCTP ( Stream Control

LTE User LTE Control IMS User IMS Control

DIAMETER IMS Core

Diameter , Control Plane

SIP ( Session Initiated

• Gy : Diameter Link connects PGW to OCS

S10 • S10 : MME to MME

S10 • S1-MME : EnodeB to MME ( Control Plane )

Diameter , Control Plane , SCTP PCRF

Diameter , Control Plane

Diameter , Control Plane To Other To CS / PSTN

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