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Suleiman,(c.1090 - 1100)
Gane,(c.1130 - 1140)
Musa,(c.1140 - 1160)
Birama,(c.1160 - 1180)
Sumanguru,(c.1200 - 1234)
Ghana Empire
Ghana Empire or Wagadu, the actual name, was founded by the Mande speaking Soninke. Ghana meaning "war chief" wa
beginning was around the fourth or fifth century, but possibly as a state during Roman North African times, supported by
Contents
1. 1 Origins
2. 2 Architecture
3. 3 Economy
4. 4 Religion
5. 5 List of Kings(Ghanas)
Origins
Sources on Ghana are retrieved from Spanish Arab and African Berber/Arab writers of the 10th and 12th Century, oral tra
the Roads and Kingdom) by al-Bakri provides the most vivid accounts. Information also comes from oral sources related b
According to oral traditions, the kingdom had its beginning with founding ancestor Dinga. Diabe Cissé tricked Dinga into m
all kings or maghans would come from the Cissé Clan.
Administration
Kumbi-Saleh was its capital, divided into two section, a town for muslim traders and a section for th
prosperity, Kumbi-Saleh was the largest West African city before 1240 A.D., with a population of 15
Ghana ruled over numerous states and people, who paid taxes. Its strength came from its superior organization and iron
The empire was divided into four provinces run each by a commander called fado. The fado came from one of the aristoc
Architecture
At Kumbi Saleh, locals lived in domed-shaped dwellings in the king's section of the city, surrounded by a great enclosure.
mosques (as described by al-bakri), one centered on Friday prayer. The king is said to have owned several mansions, one
rooms, was two stories high, and had a staircase, with the walls and chambers filled with sculptures and painting.
Economy
Ghana became powerful by controlling the gold trade, mined at the Wangara region.
Ghana became wealthy by taxing all imports and exports. They taxed all salt, gold that came into the empire and all that w
production, property of the king. Fixed periodical quantities were released to control value.
Religion
The ghana was regarded a divine king, whose well-being affected the whole society. Bida, a sacred python was worshippe
fertile, oral tradition had it that a virgin had to be sacrifice from each province. This sacrifice was a pact that Diabe Cissé r
sacred creature in African ethos.
Kings were buried with unique ritual traditions. On the death of a ghana, a hut of wood would be constructed. The ghana
were burried with him. Individuals would then cover the hut with mats and cloth. Dirt would later be thrown on the hut u
be dug around the mound, leaving one access point to the tomb.
Decline
By the 11th century, Ghana was on the decline. Invasion by Almoravid Berbers was onced believed to be the cause of the
reason for the decline is more complex and factors more varied.In 1076, the capital was sack by invading Almoravids. This
independence. Takrur, Diara, Kaniaga all broke away. In addition, trade routes were altered. The trans-Saharan trade goin
was completely broken. The emperor had authority over a few provinces. By 1235, most of the territories were incorpora
List of Kings(Ghanas)
Related Article: Soninke Numeration , Soninke Common Names , Almoravid Empire , Mali Empire ,
Works Cited
Davidson, Basil, Buah, F. K. ,and Ajayi, J.F. Ade(1966). A History of West Africa. Doubleday:New York. Library of Congress C
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