DE LA SALLE LIPA

1962 J.P. LAUREL, MATAAS NA LUPA, LIPA CITY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT # 3

CLAMPING CIRCUIT

NAME: MARAVILLA, VAN GASPER C. DOP: 9/29/17

COURSE AND YEAR: BS EE 3rd YEAR DOS: 10/13/17

SUBJECT AND SECTION: ELEX-001 O3A

SCORE

ENGR. RAMON FLORES IV

INSTRUCTOR
II. OBJECTIVES:

• TO CALCULATE, DRAW AND MEASURE THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF

CLAMPERS

III. THEORY:

CLAMPERS ARE CREATED TO CLAMP ALTERNATING INPUT

SIGNAL TO A SPECIFIC LEVEL WITHOUT ALTERING THE PEAK TO
PEAK CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WAVEFORM. THE MAIN
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A CLAMPER AND A CLIPPER IS THAT
CLAMPERS HAVE A CAPACITIVE ELEMENT IN IT. A DAMPER
CONTAINS A CAPACITOR, A DIODE, AND A RESISTOR SOMETIMES
WITH A DC BATTERY.

IV. EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS USED:

QUANTITY DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER RANGE

1 OSCILLOSCOPE LODESTAR 40 MHz
(MOS 640B)
1 DMM FLUKE 300 mV –
1000 V
1 RESISTORS: 100-Ω ----------- 100-Ω
1 RESISTORS: 1-kΩ ----------- 1-kΩ
1 RESISTORS: 100-kΩ ----------- 100-kΩ
1 SILICON DIODE ----------- 0.7 V
1 CAPACITOR 1µF -----------
1 1.5-V D CELL AND
HOLDER
1 DC POWER SUPPLY ALEXAN 50 - 60 Hz
FUNCTION
1 GENERATOR GW INSTEK 1 - 1M Hz
(GFG – 8020H)
V. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

VI. SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS

VII. GRAPH

-5.46 V

FIGURE 3-3. SKETCH OF VO FROM CALCULATED RESULTS (PART 2D)

VERTICAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 V/DIV
HORIZONTAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 MS/DIV

0.547 V

FIGURE 3-4. SKETCH OF VO FROM MEASURED RESULTS (PART 2E)

 0V

FIGURE 3-5. SKETCH OF VO FROM CALCULATED RESULTS (PART 2H)

VERTICAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 V/DIV
HORIZONTAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 MS/DIV

0.245 V

FIGURE 3-6. SKETCH OF VO FROM MEASURED RESULTS (PART 2I)

 -0.8 V

FIGURE 3-7. SKETCH OF VO FROM CALCULATED RESULTS (PART 3D)

VERTICAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 V/DIV
HORIZONTAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 MS/DIV

-0.953 V

FIGURE 3-8. SKETCH OF VO FROM MEASURED RESULTS (PART 3E)

 2.5 V

FIGURE 3-9. SKETCH OF VO FROM CALCULATED RESULTS (PART 3H)

VERTICAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 V/DIV
HORIZONTAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 MS/DIV

1.5 V

FIGURE 3-10. SKETCH OF VO FROM MEASURED RESULTS (PART 3I)

 3.467 V

FIGURE 3-11. SKETCH OF VO FROM CALCULATED RESULTS (PART 4B)

VERTICAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 V/DIV
HORIZONTAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 MS/DIV

0.7 V

FIGURE 3-12. SKETCH OF VO FROM MEASURED RESULTS (PART 4C)

 0.7 V

FIGURE 3-13. SKETCH OF VO FROM CALCULATED RESULTS (PART 5E)

VERTICAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 V/DIV
HORIZONTAL SENSITIVITY = 0.5 MS/DIV

-0.7 V

FIGURE 3-14. SKETCH OF VO FROM MEASURED RESULTS (PART 5G)

 VIII. FINAL DATA SHEET:

TABLE 2-1. CALCULATED AND MEASURED VALUES

PART 1
VT 0.7 V
PART 2
B.
VC (CALCULATED) -2.58 V
VO (CALCULATED) -5.46 V
C.
VO (CALCULATED) 0.547 V
F.
VC (CALCULATED) 4V
VO (CALCULATED) 0V
G.
VO (CALCULATED) 0.245 V
PART 3
B.
VC (CALCULATED) 1.8 V
VO (CALCULATED) -0.8 V
C.
VO (CALCULATED) -0.953 V
F.
VC (CALCULATED) 2.5 V
VO (CALCULATED) 1.5 V
G.
VO (CALCULATED) 0.3467 V
PART 4
B.
VO (CALCULATED) WHEN VI = +4V IS 0.7 V
VO (CALCULATED) WHEN VI = -4V IS 0.7 V
VO (CALCULATED) WHEN VI = 0 V IS -0.7 V
PART 5
A.
t (CALCULATED) 1000 MS
B.
T (CALCULATED) 1 MS
T/2 (CALCULATED) 0.5 MS
C.
5t (CALCULATED) 5000 MS
D.
5t (CALCULATED) 50 MS
F.
5t (CALCULATED) 5 MS
IX. DISCUSSION:

OUR GROUP GATHERED THE MATERIALS THAT WE NEEDED

WHICH ARE THE OSCILLOSCOPE, DIGITAL MULTIMETER, RESISTORS,
SILICON DIODE, CAPACITORS THOUGH THESE LAST 3 ITEMS ARE
COMBINED INTO ONE CIRCUIT BOARD, D CELL AND HOLDER, AND
FUNCTION GENERATOR.

THE FIRST PART OF OUR EXPERIMENT IS TO DETERMINE THE

THRESHOLD VOLTAGE FOR THE SILICON DIODE USING THE DIODE-
CHECKING CAPABILITY OF THE DIGITAL MULTIMETER OR A CURVE
TRACER. WE ROUNDED OFF THE DATA TO HUNDREDTHS PLACE
WHEN RECORDING.

WHEN WE ARE SETTING-UP THE MATERIALS IT SEEMED SO HARD

BECAUSE THE ARE SO MANY OF THEM. THAT IS WHY OUR
PROFESSOR DEMONSTRATED TO US HOW THE THINGS ARE TO BE
SET. AFTER THAT WE WERE THOUGHT HOW TO USE THE
OSCILLOSCOPE AND FUNCTION GENERATOR.

WE CONSTRUCTED THE NETWORK OF FIGURE 3-1 AND

RECORDED R. THEN WE USED THE GATHERED DATA TO FIND Vc AND
Vo IN THE “ON” STATE.

AFTER THAT WE DID THE SAME THING BUT NOW IN THE “OFF”
STATE.

USING THE OSCILLOSCOPE, WE SKETCHED THE EXPECTED WAVE

FORM FOR Vo

WE THEN REVERSED THE DIODE TO GET THE VALUE OF Vo AND Vc

IN THE “ON” STATE.

REPEATING THE PREVIOUS STEP NOW IN THE “OFF” STATE WE

CALCULATED THE VALUE OF Vo AND Vi.

USING THE DATA GATHERED WE SKETCHED THE WAVEFORM FOR

THE VALUE OF Vo.

THE NEXT PART OF THIS EXPERIMENT IS TO REPEAT THE FIRST

PART BUT WITH A DC BATTERY NOW. EVERYTHING WILL JUST BE
REPEATED BUT NOW WITH THE DC BATTERY INCLUDED IN THE
CIRCUIT.
 FIGURE 3-1 WILL BE SET AGAIN WITH THE INPUT SIGNAL BEING AN
8 Vp-p SINUSOIDAL SIGNAL WITH THE SAME FREQUENCY WHICH IS
1000Hz.

THE PREVIOUS RESULTS WILL NOW BE USED TO SKETCH AN

EXPECTED OUTPUT WAVEFORM FOR Vo AND WHEN Vi IS IN ITS
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PEAK VALUE.

USING THE LAST GATHERED VALUE, WE USED THE

OSCILLOSCOPE TO VIEW THE OUTPUT WAVEFORM OF Vo.

THEN WE DETERMINED THE TIME CONSTANT FOR THE NETWORK

OF 3-1 FOR THAT INTERVAL OF THE INPUT SIGNAL THAT CAUSES THE
DIODE TO ASSUME THE “OFF” STATE.

THESE ARE THE DATA THAT WE WERE ABLE TO GATHER:

PART 1
VT 0.7 V
PART 2
B.
VC (CALCULATED) -2.58 V
VO (CALCULATED) -5.46 V
C.
VO (CALCULATED) 0.547 V
F.
VC (CALCULATED) 4V
VO (CALCULATED) 0V
G.
VO (CALCULATED) 0.245 V
PART 3
B.
VC (CALCULATED) 1.8 V
VO (CALCULATED) -0.8 V
C.
VO (CALCULATED) -0.953 V
F.
VC (CALCULATED) 2.5 V
VO (CALCULATED) 1.5 V
G.
VO (CALCULATED) 0.3467 V
PART 4
B.
VO (CALCULATED) WHEN VI = +4V IS 0.7 V
VO (CALCULATED) WHEN VI = -4V IS 0.7 V
VO (CALCULATED) WHEN VI = 0 V IS -0.7 V
PART 5
A.
t (CALCULATED) 1000 MS
B.
T (CALCULATED) 1 MS
T/2 (CALCULATED) 0.5 MS
C.
5t (CALCULATED) 5000 MS
D.
5t (CALCULATED) 50 MS
F.
5t (CALCULATED) 5 MS

X. CONCLUSION

THIS EXPERIMENT IS JUST A MIRROR OF THE PREVIOUS ONE WITH

JUST THE CLAMPERS INSTEAD OF CLIPPERS. AT THE PREVIOUS
EXPERIMENT WE THOUGHT THAT IT WILL BE HARD TO GATHER DATA
BECAUSE WE ARE NOT USED TO USING THOSE EQUIPMENTS LIKE
THE OSCILLOSCOPE AND THE FUNCTION GENERATOR.

BUT DURING THIS EXPERIMENT WITH THE EXPERIENCE FROM THE

LAST EXPERIMENT WE ARE NOW ABLE TO USE THE EQUIPMENTS TO
PERFORM THE STEPS AND FIND THE NEEDED DATA TO PROCEED TO
SKETCHNG THE GRAPHS AND FINDING THE NEEDED VALUES IN THE
TABLE.
1. HOW DOES THE WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-3 COMPARE WITH THE
EXPECTED WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-4?
- FIGURE 3-3 IS NEGATIVE WHILE FIGURE 3-4 IS POSITIVE.

2. HOW DOES THE WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-6 COMPARE WITH THE

EXPECTED WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-5?
- FIGURE 3-6 HAS HIGHER VOLTAGE THAN FIGURE 3-5.

3. HOW DOES THE WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-8 COMPARE WITH

EXPECTED WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-7?
- FIGURE 3-8 AND 3-7 ARE BOTH NEGATIVE VOLTAGES.
- FIGURE 3-8 IS LESSER THAT 3-7.

4. HOW DOES THE WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-10 COMPARE WITH THE

EXPECTED WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-9?
- FIGURE 3-9 AND 3-10 ARE BOTH POSITIVE VOLTAGES
- FIGURE 3-9 IS HIGHER THAN 3-10.

5. HOW DOES THE WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 6-12 COMPARE WITH THE

EXPECTED WAVEFORM OF FIGURE 3-11?
- FIGURE 3-11 AND 3-12 ARE BOTH POSITIVE VOLTAGES.
- FIGURE 3-12 IS HIGHER THAN 3-11.

6. FOR GOOD CLAMPING ACTION, WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR THE

TIME INTERVAL SPECIFIED BY 5T TO BE MUCH LARGER THAN T/2
OF THE APPLIED SIGNAL?
- SO THAT THE CLAMPING ACTION WILL BE MORE EFFICIENT.

7. HOW DOES THE 5T CALCULATED IN PART 5E COMPARE TO T/2 OF

THE APPLIED SIGNAL? HOW WOULD YOU EXPECT THE NEW VALUE
OF R TO AFFECT THE OUTPUT WAVEFORM Vo?
- 5T IS 10 TIMES BIGGER THAN T/2
3-11SIG?