Q1) Define the terms solid solution, compound and mixture.

Mention different types of

solid solutions.

i. Solid solution : It is an alloy in which solid solute atoms are distributed in the solvent
structure
ii. Compound : A substance consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different elements in
definite proportions joined by chemical bonds into a molecule. The elements cannot be
separated by physical means.
iii. Mixture : Two components which are soluable together with each other and which don’t
react chemically, will form a mechanical mixture each metal of alloy solidities
independently and they don’t allow other element into crystal structure.
iv. Different types of solid solutions are substitutional solid solution and Interstitial solid
solution.

Q2 ) Draw cooling curves for pure metals and solid solution.

Q3) Explain the allotropy of iron with the help of cooling curves.

Ans) Gamma iron is a face-centered cubic allotrope that forms when molten iron is cooled to
1394°C. This form has the lowest volume and is the densest. ... Gamma iron can dissolve the
highest amount of carbon, thus forming the high-carbon steels and cast iron.

Q4) What is phase diagram? Mention its applications.

Ans) The phase in material is a region that differ in its microstructure and composition from
another region.

 Homogeneous in crystal structure and atomic arrangement.

 Have same chemical and physical properties.

 Applications:
i. Phase diagrams are useful to metallurgists for selection of alloys with a specific
composition and design and control of heat treatment procedures that will produce
specific properties.
ii. which is useful for understanding precipitation strengthening in Al-Cu alloys.
iii. Phase diagrams indicate the relationship between the phases present, alloy
composition, and temperature under conditions of slow heating or cooling.

Q5) How plain carbon steels are classified?

Steels are classified as

i. Plain carbon steels.

ii. Alloy steels.
 iii. Tool steels.

Plain carbon steels are classified s

a. Based on carbon content.

b. Based on type of structure.

Based on carbon content, they are classified as

a) Low carbon steels

i. Dead Mild steels
ii. Mild steels
b) Medium carbon steels
c) High carbon steels

Q6) Write applications and properties of high carbon steel?

 Applications: High carbon steel remains popular for a wide variety of uses. This type of
steel is preferred in the manufacturing of tools such as drill bits, knives, masonry nails,
saws, metal cutting tools and woodcutting tools.
 Properties: The steel quite brittle and much less ductile than mild steel. The high carbon
steel has good wear resistance, and until recently was used for railways. It is also used for
cutting tools, such as chisels and high strength wires.

Q7) Explain about Ductile cast iron.

Ans) Ductile Iron is a type of cast iron known for its impact and fatigue resistance, elongation,
and wear resistance due to the spherical (round) graphite structures in the metal.

 Ductile Iron is also called ductile cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, or nodular cast
iron.
 Production of ductile iron is in the form of ductile iron pipe, used for water and sewer lines.