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and constellations.

Sadly, I didn't get to hear any


The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar astrotheological myths growing up, as the information
was not available to me. I didn't find out about
By Acharya S/D.M. Murdock and N.W. Barker
astrotheology until I was an adult. Your typical
Thank you for your interest in the Astrotheology Calendar. comparative religion or theology course doesn't discuss
The purpose of this calendar is to share with you a basic astrotheological concepts much, if at all. Hopefully,
history of ancient concepts, practices and dates venerating that will change. You'll probably have to request it.
the sun, moon, planets, stars and constellations that you may Recently, thanks to Acharya and others, more light
have never heard before or, at least, not from an has been shed on the subject, making it far more
astrotheological perspective. We hope to inspire an interest in widely available today.
archaeoastronomy, ancient history, mythology and
In ancient times, many thousands of years ago, people
astrotheology. The calendar used is the Gregorian, which is
were so fascinated by the heavens that they created
solar based, and with it we will introduce you to information carvings, petroglyphs, stone monuments (like
relating to astrotheology in a light, easy-to-understand format
Stonehenge) and elaborate myths and symbols about
with sources for further reading.
them. The sun, moon, planets, stars and
Although they are often overlooked, calendars constitute one constellations were all personified with symbols and
of the most important cultural artifacts of human creation. myths. This fact is important because, as it turns out,
Not only do they order our lives, which is in itself an extremely astrotheology is intrinsically interwoven into the
important function that allows for life on Earth to proceed origins of many ancient religions and has historical
with regularity, but the study of the history of calendars also links to our most popular religions today. Those
reveals very important developments in the field of connections are far too vast to discuss here, so further
comparative religion and mythology, as well as the recommended reading is included. In the meantime, I
predominantly astrotheological nature of many of have always found calendars fascinating too, and I can
humankind's faiths. tell you that a calendar is a fantastic way to see the
ancient astrotheology in action.
Inspiration for the Calendar-Our Connection to
With that, we hope you will enjoy the Astrotheology Calendar!
Nature
In introducing the Astrotheology Calendar, I (Acharya) would What is Astrotheology?
like to direct you to how my friend N.W. Barker brought this From the preceding comments, you can get a feel for what
project to my attention, by quoting him: astrotheology is, i.e., the observation and reverence of natural
Ever since I was a kid, I have always been amazed by phenomena, including celestial bodies such as the sun, moon,
the stars. A full moon, as well as the sunrise and planets, stars and constellations. Broadly speaking, however,
sunset, can be absolutely wonderful to observe. I we can incorporate general nature worship into the term as
heard many stories and myths growing up but none well, such that "astrotheology" could be used to describe the
quite as fascinating as those coming from an ancient global religion as a whole, which also personified
astrotheological perspective. Simply put, astrotheology perceived spirits in elements such as wind, water, fire and
is: "Theology founded on observation or knowledge of earth, as well as anthropomorphizing animals, such as the
the celestial bodies," i.e. the sun, moon, planets, stars crocodile, hawk and ibis in Egypt, or the monkey and

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elephant in India. Frequently, natural substances that And:


merited reverence from the ancients, such as grain and wine,
The branch of archaeology that deals with the
were assigned a genius, daemon or divinity of some sort. The
apparent use by prehistoric civilizations of
most obvious entities in the astrotheological religion are the
astronomical techniques to establish the seasons or
celestial bodies, which include planet Earth, while their
the cycle of the year, esp. as evidenced in the
influence and presence are often inextricably linked to other
construction of megaliths and other ritual structures. 2
natural phenomena such as the growth of plants, the harvest
time and the ripening and fermenting of grapes. Animals too The recognition of cyclical patterns in the movements of
are affected by the celestial bodies such as the sun and moon. heavenly bodies inspired the ancients to create massive stone
Hence, the reverence of all of these entities and elements as monuments that served as both temples and calendars to
expressed in numerous sacred celebrations is included in the mark the seasons, solstices, equinoxes, new and full moons,
definition of astrotheology. solar and lunar eclipses, and more.
In order to give meaning to and pass along knowledge about Many people are aware of the archaeoastronomical alignments
these entities and elements, the ancients personified and of the temple site at Stonehenge in England, while myriad
attached colorful stories to them. They also incorporated this more such discoveries have been made in numerous places in
ancient astrotheology and nature-worshipping religion into Europe, South America and elsewhere around the world. In
their daily lives, and entire cultures were built upon them, this regard, an observatory discovered in 1991 at Goseck,
such as the Egyptian, but also the Greek and Roman to a Germany, reveals itself to be a 7,000-year-old temple of the
large extent. sun, likewise combining both astronomy and theology to
produce astrotheology. This find is just 23 kilometers from
Thus, in ancient times sundry stories were passed on from
Nebra, where a 3,600 year-old "sky disc" was discovered in
one generation to the next, instructing them about the natural
2002. Other recent discoveries include the 13 solstice-
world and guiding them when to plant and when to harvest
marking towers at Chankillo, Peru, dating to 2,300 years ago,
food, as one important example. Converting natural
as well as a possibly extremely old site in South Mrica called
phenomena into myth was thus an easy way to relay the
"Adam's Calendar" that appears to be a manmade stone
cycles of the sun, moon, planets, constellations, etc., onto
later generations, enabling them to keep time. calendar marking various celestial phenomena.
In his book In Search of Ancient Astronomies, Dr. Edwin
Archaeoastronomical Alignments Krupp, astronomer and director of the Griffith Observatory in
One of the most prevalent aspects of the ancient Los Angeles, nicely sums up the global, astronomically aligned
astrotheological culture is the astronomical alignment of monuments:
megalithic buildings and other artifacts, as studied through At Stonehenge in England and Carnac in France, in
the discipline of archaeoastronomy, also called astroarchaeology. Egypt and Yucatan, across the whole face of the earth
Archaeoastronomy has been defined as follows: are found mysterious ruins of ancient monuments,
monuments with astronomical significance. These
The study of the knowledge, interpretations, and
relics of other times are as accessible as the American
practices of ancient cultures regarding celestial objects
Midwest and as remote as the jungles of Guatemala.
or phenomena. 1 Some of them were built according to celestial alignments;

t American Heritage Dictionary. 2 Random House Dictionary.

2 www.StellarHousePublishing.com
The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar
others were actually prectswn astronomical The Sun
observatories... Careful observation of the celestial
rhythms was compellingly important to early peoples, In addition to being encapsulated in stone, the ancient
and their expertise, in some respects, was not equaled astrotheology can also be found in marvelous myths from
in Europe until three thousand years later. around the globe, as discussed by ancient authors such as
the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus (90-21 BCE), who,
While serving as temples to the gods and goddesses perceived writing about Egypt, remarked:
to inhabit the heavenly bodies and other natural phenomena,
these monuments often essentially functioned as calendars Now when the ancient Egyptians, awestruck and
that marked the movements of the sun, moon, planets, stars wondering, turned their eyes to the heavens, they
and constellations. These artifacts reflect not only concluded that two gods, the sun and the moon, were
archaeoastronomy but also astrotheology and astromythology. primeval and eternal; and they called the former
Osiris, the latter Isis ... 4
What is a Myth? So abundant was the solar mythology in particular that the
When we say that ancient religion is composed of myths, we Roman scholar Macrobius (c. 400 AD/CE) asserted the
are not being dismissive of either the cultures themselves or predominant religion of his time to constitute essentially
the knowledge possessed by them. On the contrary, myths are "heliolatry" or sun worship:
full of meaning that has proved itself highly important to ... All the gods of the Greek and Roman mythology
human civilization, providing along with colorful and represent the attributes of the one supreme divine
imaginative tales much practical information that would have power-the sun. 5
been difficult to pass along otherwise. Rather than merely
meaning something is "false," the term myth may be defined There were indeed numerous gods and goddesses of the
as follows: ancient world who were either viewed directly as solar deities
or who possessed clear and significant solar attributes, such
... a traditional or legendary story, usually concerning as:
some being or hero or event, with or without a
determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, Asclepius, Adonis, Amaterasu, Amun, Apollo, Ares/Mars,
esp. one that is concerned with deities or demigods Arinna, Attis, Baal/Bel, Bacchus/Dionysus, Balder, Brahma,
and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of Buddha, Dumuzi, Hades, Hathor, Helios, Hephaistos/Vulcan,
nature.3 Hercules, Hermes, Horus, Hu, lao/Yahweh, Indra, Inti, Isis,
Janus, Jason, Jesus, Krishna, Mithra, Molech, Moses, Neith,
As shown by the esteemed mythologist Joseph Campbell and Odin, Orion, Orpheus, Osiris, Pan, Perseus, Quetzalcoatl, Ra,
others over the centuries, myth ranks as a very important Samson, Saturn, Serapis, Shamash, Shiva, Sol, Surya,
facet of human culture that has enriched significantly entire Tammuz, Thor, Thoth, Viracocha, Vishnu, Zeus/Jupiter,
civilizations. In addition to communicating interesting aspects Zoroaster and many more gods, goddesses, godmen, heroes
of the human psychological, emotional and spiritual and prophets.
landscape, mythmaking has epitomized much highly germane
and useful knowledge, without which mankind could scarcely Many of the myths associated with these gods and goddesses
progress. possess solar meaning, serving, for example, as allegories for

4 Diodorus/Murphy, 14.
3 "Myth," Dictionary.com. 5 Macrobius, 5.

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the sun's annual journey along its ecliptic, passing through • His birth is announced by a star in the East and
the 12 months and constellations of the zodiac, as well as the attended by "wise men."
seasons of the year. • At age 12, he is a child teacher in the Temple, and at
In a number of places, the myth of the sun can be 30, he is baptized.
summarized as follows: In the winter, when the days are the • He is presented "sun gifts" such as gold, frankincense
shortest, the sun is a baby. As "he" moves towards the spring, and myrrh.
when the days and nights become the same length, the sun • The sun has 12 "companions," "helpers" or "disciples."
attains young adulthood. As he reaches the summer solstice, • He performs miracles, exorcises demons and raises the
when the days of the year are the longest, he achieves full dead.
manhood, and then begins the decline towards old age, after • He battles with or is tempted by the "Evil One" or
the days become shorter than the night following the autumn "Prince of Darkness."
or "fall." Eventually the sun "dies" and is reborn again at the • The day star is the "Light of the World" who "cometh
winter solstice. on clouds, and every eye shall see him."
• He is the "Savior of mankind."
Summarizing this mythos, Macrobius related that the
• The sun wears a corona, "crown of thorns" or halo.
Egyptian year was depicted as follows:
• He "walks on water," signifying the sun's reflection.
Little child= Winter solstice. • He is "crucified" at the equinoxes between two
Young man = Spring equinox. "thieves," which are zodiacal signs.
Bearded man = Summer solstice. • The day star is "buried" for three days in a "tomb" or
Old man = Autumnal equinox. 6 "cave," is "born again" (Christmas) or "resurrects"
In the Egyptian mythology, the sun's daily voyage can be (Easter).
described as follows, from my book Christ in Egypt: As the sun • He is to reign for one thousand years, a solar cycle.s
progresses through the day and night, "he" becomes a As I write in my book The Christ Conspiracy, the sun has been
number of characters-or changes his epithets and considered the "Savior of the World," because it rises and
characteristics, as it were, as he merges with other gods- brings light and life to the planet. It has been revered for
beginning with the rising sun, Horus, who at noon becomes causing seeds to burst and -thus giving its life for plants to
Re, who at sunset becomes Tmu or Atum, who at midnight grow; hence, it has been seen to sacrifice itself in order to
becomes Osiris, who becomes Horus at sunrise, and so on. 7 provide fertility and vegetation. The sun is the "tutelary genius
The following are the characteristics of the "God Sun": of universal vegetation," as well as the god of cultivation and
the benefactor of humankind. When the sun "dies" in the
• The sun is born on December 25th (or the winter winter, so does the vegetation, to be "resurrected" in the
solstice) in a manger. spring. The first fruits, vine and grain were considered
• He is of royal descent, and his mother is the "Great symbols of the sun's strength and were ritualistically offered
Virgin." to the divine luminary. The solar heroes and gods were said to
be teachers as well, because agriculture, a science developed

6 Lockyer, Nature, v. 47, p. 229.


7 Murdock, Christ in Egypt, 56.
s See "Thousand-Year Cycle Signals in Solar Activity," Solar Physics.

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out of astronomy, freed mankind to pursue something other perfectly divided into four. One of the earliest artifacts we
than food, such as other sciences and the arts. 9 possess is the 21,000-year-old "Venus of Laussel," a figurine
of a voluptuous female or "goddess" holding a hom with 13
Today, the sun is often taken for granted because we see it so
marks, undoubtedly denoting both the lunar months of the
often and because we think of it as an inanimate ball of gas.
year and the yearly menstrual cycle.
Once we reach those long, cold, gloomy winters, we become
more aware of the day star's increasing absence. Indeed, The gravitational pull of the moon may likewise be present in
where would we be without the sun? We would not last long; lunar mythology, such as, perhaps, the biblical myth in which
nor would plants and animals. In reality, the sun is far more the solar hero Samson's hair is cut by the lunar goddess
than just an eternally burning, giant gas ball, since all life on Delilah. This biblical tale possesses the knowledge also found
Earth depends on it in a variety of ways. Plant life relies upon in another widespread myth depicting the lunar goddess
the sun's light energy to create photosynthesis, which enables giving birth to the sun: To wit, the moon reflects the sun's
plants to grow, providing us and animals with food. light.
Photosynthesis is also crucial for maintaining normal levels of
oxygen in the atmosphere, producing air to breathe. So, it is The Zodiac
fair to say that without the sun, life would not exist as we
One of the most common religious artifacts around the world
know it today. The ancients abundantly recognized these facts
is that of the cross, appearing in a wide variety of forms. This
as well. For billions of years, the sun has shared its light,
sacred cross frequently symbolizes the four seasons with the
warmth and energy, bringing forth all manner of life on Earth. sun in the center, such as we see in the Celtic version. These
The Moon four seasons are divided into sections of three months each,
creating an image of the sun jn the center surrounded by the
As is the case with the solar orb, there exist many myths "holy 12." These 12 "companions," "helpers" or "disciples"
about the moon from numerous cultures throughout history. represent not only the months but also the hours of the day
Therefore, we have selected just a few prominent examples and night, as well as the signs of the zodiac.
that clearly reveal astrotheological aspects. For instance, in
As I write in Christ in Egypt:
the myth of the Egyptian god Osiris, who in addition to
embodying the life force and water also was both solar and ... the association of the sun god with "the Twelve"
lunar, the deity "lives" to the age of 28, after which he is tom constitutes a common motif, based on both the
into 14 pieces by his enemy Set/Seth, symbolizing in this case months of the year and the 12-hour divisions of day
the serpent of the night sky. The "age" of 28 or so represents and night. Indeed, we find the theme of "the Twelve" in
the lunar month, while the 14 pieces, of course, reflect the a number of other cultures, including the 12 Olympian
days of the month when the moon wanes. Lunar mythology gods of Greece, as well as those of the Romans, along
may likewise be revealed in stories involving the number 30, with the 12 adventures of Gilgamesh, the 12 labors of
as in the "age" supposedly attained by Jesus before his death, Hercules and the 12 Tribes of Israel, all of which
but in reality denoting the days in a lunar month according to symbolize the months of the year and/ or the zodiacal
some ancient calendars. signs. The same can be said of the Christian Twelve.1o
The number seven also rates as important in lunar myths, as Significant aspects of the ancient astrotheology were therefore
it signifies the days of the week of a 28-day lunar month based on the 12 zodiacal divisions of the year.

9 Acharya, CC, 149-150. w Acharya, CIE, 261.

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The origin of the zodiac can be traced to at least 5,000 years Gerald Massey, The Natural Genesis (II, 379)
ago in Mesopotamia, while it reached its present form in
The ancient Egyptian calendar starts with the month of
Babylon and then Greece.
"Thoth," which around the year 3000 BCE would have been on
Lunar Calendars June 21st, with the heliacal rising of the star Sirius and the
beginning of the summer solstice. 11 Having been composed
One major reason for this calendar is to demonstrate the originally of only 360 days, with flve "epagomenal" days added
ancient astrotheology, while another is to show possible later, the Egyptian calendar was "wandering" or "vague"
correspondences between the holidays of various cultures, because it was short a quarter day. The lack of this extra
including connections between ancient feast days and those of quarter day caused the calendar to diverge from the actual
currently favored faiths such as Judaism, Buddhism, solar year by one day every four years. What this fact means
Hinduism, Christianity and Islam. is that every holiday in the wandering Egyptian calendar
would have occurred eventually on each day of the solar year,
In analyzing possible correspondences between celebrations,
completing a cycle every 1,460 years. Mter several attempts,
however, it must be kept in mind that some of the holidays of
the wandering/vague Egyptian calendar was flnally flxed in
certain cultures vary, based on lunar phases, including the
25 f 26 BCE with the establishment at the behest of Roman
Chinese, Buddhist, Greek, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and
Emperor Caesar Augustus of the Alexandrian Calendar, which
Zoroastrian. What this fact means is that the months in a
is largely the same as the Coptic Calendar in use to this day.
lunar calendar may begin on each new moon, with the year
commencing on the flrst new moon after the summer solstice, While modern conversions of the Egyptian festivities often
as it was in ancient Greece, for example. place the Egyptian New Year on August 1st, when it is averred
by some that Sirius now rises heliacally, for purposes of our
Therefore, unless we know exactly what year a particular
study the various Egyptian festival dates have been converted
holiday was instituted so we can calculate the lunar
to when they would have occurred after they were flxed with
calendars, it would be impossible to conclude that such a fest the Alexandrian Calendar, specifically to the 3Qth or 31st year
could be founded upon any of the roving dates purely because
of Augustus's reign, which corresponds to 1 AD ICE.
of the day on which they fall. Nevertheless, there remain other
factors, such as the popularity of a festival and its general For example, in several Egyptian papyri the flrst day of the
placement vis-a-vis the solar calendar, which may indicate a year-1 Thoth-is listed as the birthday of the sun god Ra-
possible appropriation by other cultures, religions, etc. Horakhty. Again, in the year 3000 BCE, that date
Moreover, the inclusion here of these lunar-based corresponded to June 21st, the heliacal rising of Sirius as well
commemorations is useful for other interesting and important as the summer solstice. When the Egyptian Wandering Year
developments. was flxed with the introduction of the Alexandrian Calendar, 1
Thoth corresponded to what is now August 30th in the
Egyptian Gregorian calendar. By the year 1 AD/CE, Ra-Horakhty's
birthday fell on August 29th, where it has been placed in the
"The lost language of celestial allegory can now be
Astrotheology Calendar.
restored, chiefly through the resurrection of ancient
Egypt; the scriptures can be read as they were This conversion to the year 1 AD ICE is due to our interest in
originally written, according to the secret wisdom, and when the festivities may have been observed in the flrst
we now know how history was first written as
mythology." u Brier, 225.

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centuries of the common era, during which much Christian conflrmed by Dr. Jakob Krall, who, concerning the extensive
doctrine and tradition was established, including many feast festival calendar found at Medinet Habu, remarked:
days.
We are led to the same conclusion by a consideration
Presuming that at least some of the important remembrances of the festivals given in the calendar of Medinet-Habu.
recorded in the various Egyptian calendrical papyri were still They are almost without exception the festivals which
in currency during the 1st century AD f CE, we are interested in we have found in our previous investigation of the
seeing whether or not they may have had an effect on the calendars at Esne and Edfu to be attached to the same
creation of other holidays, such as the Roman or Christian. days. We know already the Unya festival of the 17th
and 18th Thoth, the festival of Hermes of the 19th
This assumption may be reasonable in consideration of the
Thoth, the great feast of Amen beginning on the 19th
fact that, for instance, the day on which the Egyptian sister-
Paophi, the Osiris festivals of the last decade of
goddesses Isis and Nephthys weep and wail over Osiris's
Choiak, and that of the coronation of Horuz [sic] on
death in earlier calendrical inscriptions and papyri is the the 1st Tybi. 12
same as that which the Greek historian Plutarch (46-120
AD/CE) reported at that time: 17 Athyr/Hathor. Much of the information here concerning the Egyptian festival
days comes from the Cairo Calendar, a papyrus found at
Interestingly, in an inscription from the temple site of Dendera
Cairo that contains an Egyptian "astrology calendar" or "book
the date for this apparently same commemoration is 29
of fate" and dates to around 1200 BCE. 13 Not all of the "festival
Khoiak, a completely different month, obviously, which
days" recorded in the Cairo Calendar represent actual
corresponded in the Alexandrian Calendar to December. In
celebrations, as the calendar was more like a horoscope in the
this regard, we include here both dates for this important
sense that it was largely for private use and daily
event, upon which so much of Egyptian religion in particular
consultation, not for the establishment of public festivals and
and life in general depended.
feasts. Some of the festival days listed there, of course, were
In any event, having determined that the date in certain genuine "holidays" that were celebrated en masse.
calendrical inscriptions and that related by Plutarch are the
Where the Cairo Calendar has been used in the Astrotheology
same, it is reasonable to assume that other such events
Calendar, the notation next to an Egyptian commemoration is
likewise continued to be commemorated on the same Egyptian
(C). Holidays included from the calendar fragments in the
dates by Plutarch's time, not long after the Alexandrian
Lahun archives of the pyramid-temple of Sesostris II (fl. c.
Calendar was created and these were flxed in time.
1897) are labeled (L).1 4 The designation (A) after an Egyptian
As another example, the Roman holiday of the Advent of Isis holiday denotes the calendar on the temple erected by
occurred on June 2nd (7 Tybi), as related by Plutarch. The flrst Ramesses II (b. c. 1303 BCE) at Abydos. 15 The notation (H)
time in the Roman Era when 7 Tybi fell on June 2nd was signifles the papyrus from the Hibeh collection, which was
during the reign of Augustus. Hence, since we are interested created in the third century BCE, while (CD) represents the
in that very time, we will use his reign to date the other Can opus Decree (239 BCE). Egyptian festivities listed from the
commemorations found on different Egyptian calendrical calendar at Dendera are marked (D), while (E) connotes the
papyri, specifically settling upon the 30th or 31st year because
of its significance as the flrst year of the common era. 12 Lockyer, 276.
13 Depuydt, 111.
The continuity of the various calendars over the many
14 See El-Sabban, 9-10.
centuries during which the Egyptian culture thrived is further 1s See El-Sabban, 58.

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calendar from the site of Esne. Again, all of these celebration lamentation over him, his subsequent restoration and
days have been converted to the Gregorian for the year 1 the rejoicing over his resurrection is among the Near
AD/CE. Eastern templates for the Christ myth. This theme of a
dying young (harvest/vegetable) God (common
One thing to keep in mind as concerns the Egyptian feast
throughout the Middle east) is also reflected in the
days is that a number of Egyptian gods were largely solar in
legends of Tammuz, and is referenced in the Bible as
nature, including Ra, Osiris and Horus. Also, the "Ennead"
"women weeping for Tammuz" even in the temple of
who are celebrated on several days comprise groups of gods
the Hebrew God.16
and goddesses that vary in number from eight or nine to 12.
It is important to note the phrase "Christ myth" here in the
Sumerian/Babylonian context of a scholarly debate, as it is frequently and
erroneously claimed that "no real scholar doubts the
The few Sumerian and Babylonian celebrations included here
are based not on a particular calendar as with the Egyptian historicity of Jesus Christ." While many mainstream scholars
~e clearly unacquainted with the extensive scholarship done
but represent traditions recorded in ancient texts. The
m the field of Jesus mythicism, it is evident from such
incorporation of the Sumerian goddess Inanna in the
remarks concerning the "Christ myth" that numerous such
Astrotheology Calendar is important because her myth tells of
scholars over the past several decades have indeed been
he~ "death" ~d descent into the underworld, three days after
aware of the mythological nature of at least certain aspects of
whtch she nses again. Her evident nativity near the winter
solstice is telling, obviously, as to her possessing not only the gospel tale.
fertility but also solar attributes.
Greek/Roman
The Babylonian god Marduk's battle with the monster Tiamat
A number of the Greek and Roman celebrations listed in this
is included here as well, as another example of an
calendar undoubtedly preceded the tum of the common era
~strotheological myth. Marduk's passion is highly significant
while a few of the Roman days in particular may have bee~
m the s~udy of Christian origins, as indicated in the following
fixed after that time, possibly in light of increased knowledge
concemmg the Babylonian spring festival of "Akitu":
of the Greek, Egyptian and other festivities.
In Babylonian religion it came to be dedicated to
Most of the Roman and Greek holidays included here have
.Marduk's victory over Tiamat. Marduk in the myth
been checked with accepted academic sources. Those that
enacted in the festival is preserved in the so-called
have not yet been verified with ancient primary sources are
Marduk Ordeal Text (KAR 143). In this myth, Marduk
marked with (U), for "unverified." This notation does not mean
appears as a life-death-rebirth deity, reflecting the
that the dates are invalid, however.
festival's agrarian origin based on the cycle of sowing
and harvesting. He is imprisoned in the underworld Pagan/Wiccan/ Celtic
and rises again on the third day. The obvious parallel
to the death and resurrection of Christ celebrated at A number of the Pagan holidays-usually Celtic, Welsh or
Christian Easter has been noted at an early time, and other northern European-are the most difficult to verify,
elaborated in detail by [Heinrich] Zimmem in his 1918 because there is less primary source material from which to
editio princeps. [Svend] Pallis (1926) rejected some of draw. These dates often represent reproductions based on
the Christological parallels noted by Zimmem, but
continued to stress that the death of Marduk, the t6 "Akitu", Wikipedia.

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tradition not necessarily recorded literarily or the Thus, in a number of cases, such as that of St. Denis and St.
documentation of which has not survived the centuries of Brigid, the saints were undoubtedly pre-Christian gods
destruction. 17 (Dionysus) and goddesses (Brighid). Like other supposed
saints, St. Denis was said to have been beheaded; however,
This present work is not meant to be a scholarly exercise in
"beheadings" in ancient myth often have to do with a
proving a thesis, so the sources used and contentions made
constellation backdropping the rising sun, thus appearing
are not as stringent as they were for my book Christ in Egypt,
"heliacally," or having some other such position along the
for example. Nevertheless, the majority of the feast days here
horizon or ecliptic.
have been double-checked and verified.
As another example, although "St. Nicholas" is treated as a
While the dates for PaganjWiccan festivals may not be exact
"historical" figure, skepticism is warranted in such a
in some cases, the figures involved, at least, are all ancient
pronouncement, especially regarding individuals in the early
and not fabricated in modern times. For example, the festival
Church who are purported to be involved in miracles.
of the dying-and-rising god Tammuz, for whom the Hebrew
Knowing that so many mythical figures from the pre-Christian
women wept (Ezek 8:14), occurred in early Spring, but the
world were adopted into the Catholic pantheon as "saints,"
exact day is not specified.
one must proceed with caution as concerns accepting claims
As is the case with other cultures and religions-in some to "historicity," particularly with the earlier figures such as
instances because of calendar variations-exact dates are at "01' St. Nick." Indeed, it seems that St. Nicholas derived a
times impossible to determine, and a significant number of number of his significant characteristics from the Norse god
celebrations fell on different days in sundry places and eras. Odin, and some have postulated that the Christian "saint" is
in fact a remake of Odin, Wotan, etc.
Like various Greek and Roman celebrations, certain Pagan
holidays that have not yet been verified by me from scholarly The myth of Odin, in fact, is notable in that the god is hung
texts and primary sources are marked with (U). on a tree and stabbed in the side, while between two ravens, a
bird that that in legend is depicted as a "thief." This story
Christian/ Catholic resembles the Christ myth in significant aspects.
Major Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter are In one more instance of the Christianization of ancient
founded upon Pagan celebrations and possess obvious astrotheological religion, the feast days of the archangel and
astrotheological significance. In addition to these festivals, saint Michael-clearly a mythical figure-have been assigned
incorporated here are a number of feast days of Christian for the following reasons:
"saints," because these individuals are either clearly mythical,
This feast [November 8) spread over the entire Greek
usually based on pagan gods and goddesses whose worship
Church, and the Syrian, Armenian, and Coptic
the Church was attempting to co-opt, or partially historical,
Churches also adopted it. It is currently the principal
with their names and/ or biographies altered for the same
feast of St Michael amongst the Eastern Christians ....
reason of superseding Pagan gods and goddesses. Their feast
Other feasts of St Michael at Constantinople were:
days are included in order to provide insight into what they
October 27, in the "Promotu" Church; June 18, in the
may have replaced in the non- and pre-Christian festival
Church of St Julian at the Forum; and December 10,
calendars.
at Athaea.
17 It is claimed that the Druids, for example, considered it "profane"
to record their rituals in writing.
The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 9 www.StellarHousePublishing.com
The Catholics of Egypt placed their life-giving river, the their appearance in the historical record, if we were able to
Nile, under the protection of Saint Michael; they determine it absolutely.
adopted the above Greek feast and kept it on
November 12. On the twelfth of every month they The Solstices, Equinoxes and Peak Days
celebrate a special Commemoration of the Archangel
The most obvious astrotheological observances are those of
Michael. In addition, on June 12, when the Nile river the solstices, both winter and summer, and the equinoxes,
commences to rise, they keep as a day of obligation the spring or vernal and fall or autumnal. These times of the year
feast of "St Michael for the rising of the Nile. "18 are called in modem Paganism and Wicca the "quarter days,"
A number of these dates relate to Osiris, god of the Nile. "solar festivals" or "Lesser Sabbats." Other important
astrotheological days are termed "peak days," which occur
Holidays of Christian saints that evidently revolve exclusively near the midway point between the solstices and equinoxes.
around historical figures and not ancient gods and These four peak days are also called "cross-quarter days," "fire
goddesses-therefore unlikely to possess astrotheological festivals" or "Greater Sabbats" in Paganism and Wicca. These
significance-have been omitted. eight days together compose the "Wheel of the Year" or the
Where space permits, the identification of holidays as "Sunwheel."
Christian has been included as "Xtian," "Catholic" or Concerning these days N. W. Barker remarks:
"Orthodox." Otherwise, the average reader will likely be able to
determine which holidays are Christian. I enjoy celebrating the natural world that surrounds
us with family and friends. Nature gives us plenty of
Zoroastrian opportunities to celebrate life throughout each year.
There are eight festivals associated with the seasons.
Zoroastrianism is an important religion to include in this
We have the four Solar festivals which fall on the
calendar because much of it is overtly astrotheological in
solstices and equinoxes, marking the start of each new
nature. Modem Zoroastrians follow multiple calendars, the season. And we have the four Celtic Fire festivals
Fasli, Qadimi or Shensai, which are marked here (F), (Q) and
marking the peak of each season and tied to the
(S). For purposes of space, the words "Ghambar" and
phases of the moon. Together the Solar Festivals and
"Jashan" have been omitted. The Zoroastrian calendars the Fire Festivals make up the Sunwheel of the year.
change on an annual basis, and several of the dates were not
readily verifiable for 2010. Hence, some Zoroastrian holidays The quarter days and cross-quarter days of the yearly
are also marked with the abbreviation (Zor). Sunwheel are as follows:
The order of the entries on each day in the Astrotheology • Winter solstice is also called "Yule." It begins on
Calendar largely depends on the era in which they first would December 21st and ends at midnight on December
have been celebrated in antiquity, using the best 24th.
approximation. In cases where the holidays are ongoing into • Summer solstice or "Litha" begins on June 22nd and
modem times, however, such as the Zoroastrian, which may ends on June 25th.
or may not reproduce an ancient date because of the • Spring equinox or "Ostara" occurs on March 21st or
divergent calendars, the holidays may be placed lower down 22nd.
than they would have been, according to a strict chronology of • Fall equinox or "Mabon" occurs on September 21st or
22nd.
1s "Michael [archangel]," Wikipedia.

The 20 10 Astrotheology Calendar 10 www.StellarHousePublishing.com


• Winter peak is also called "lmbolc" and occurs on Feb history of its name, while the history of names for the days of
2nd the week is as follows:
• Spring peak is "Beltane" and occurs on April 30th to
• The first day of the week, Sunday, was obviously
May 1st.
named after the day star, the sun.
• Summer peak or "Lughnasa" occurs July 31st to Aug • The next day, Monday, was named for the moon,
1st.
originally being "Moonday."
• Fall peak or "Samhain" occurs on October 31st. • The third day of the week, Tuesday, is styled after the
It should be noted that in modem Pagan/Wiccan celebrations Teutonic/Germanic war god Tiu or Tiw, who in the
the southern hemisphere is included, and these feast days Roman mythology is the god Mars, as in the French
would follow the opposite calendar date. For example, in "Mardi."
Australia, the winter celebration of Imbolc occurs on July 31st • Wednesday was named after the Teutonic/Germanic
or August 1st and so on. In general, these southern storm god Odin or Woden, hence "Wodensday."
hemisphere celebrations are not marked in the Astrotheology • Thursday takes its name from the Norse thunder god
Calendar because of space considerations. Thor.
The solstices are said here to begin and end on dates three • Friday likewise is named after a Scandinavian deity,
days apart because the ancients believed the sun "died" or the goddess of love Freya, whose equivalent in Rome
was otherwise immobilized at these times, before being was Venus. Hence, in French the day is "Vendredi."
"reborn" or "resurrected" three days later. This myth was • Saturday is styled after the Roman harvest god,
based on the perception that the "sun stands still"-the Saturn.
meaning of the Latin word solstice-because its shadow on For the description of month names, as well as commentary
the sun dial changed minimally before the day star's long about notable days in each month, please see the back matter
journey in the opposite direction. following the actual calendar. This material is placed at the
The equinoxes too share certain myths that reflect a triduum end so that you can refer to it without taking down the
or three-day period, such as the resurrection at springtime of calendar.
the solar I nature god or goddess after three days in the
underworld. Hence, it was claimed that a number of gods,
including Attis and Christ, were resurrected after midnight on
March 24th or the morning of March 25th, 19 nonetheless
signifying the renewal of life at the vernal equinox.

Days of the Week


While much Western culture has been Christianized, the days
and months of the Gregorian calendar remain named after
ancient Pagan gods and goddesses. Each month in the
Astrotheology Calendar will have a short introduction of the

19 Gaster, 633; Senn, 90.

The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 11 www.StellarHousePublishing.com

.....
January 2010
-
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(A)=Abydos Calendar 1 Solemnity of Mother 2 Nativity of Inanna


I (C)= Cairo Calendar
of God (Xtian) (Sumerian) (U)
(F)=Fasli Calendar I Circumcision of Christ Coming of Isis from
(U) =Unverified
(Zor) =Zoroastrian l Maidhyarem I Mid-
Winter (f)
Phoenicia (Roman) (U)

3 Festival of Ship of Isis 4 Day Gods are Joyful 5 Birthday of Dionysus 6 Osiris-Aion's Birth 7 Old Coptic 8Justicia. Day/ 9 Day Isis & Nephthys
(Roman) with Offerings of (Greek) Christ's Birth (Armenia) Christmas/ Goddess of Justice weep for Osiris in
Festival of Pax/Peace Sekhmet(C) Fest oflsis's Ship (Rome) Epiphany /Theophany Nativity of Christ (Roman) (U) Busiris (C)
Goddess (Roman) Uayeb/ 5-Day Month Epiphany of Kore (Egypt) Three Kings (Catholic) (Orthodox) Uayeb ends (Maya) Festival of Janus (Roman)
be,-ins (Mava)

10 Going Forth of 11 Going Forth of Shu 12 Going Forth of 13 Holiday in Restau/ 14 Midvintersblot 15 Feast of the Ass/ 16 Concordia/Peace
Nun (C) to Count the Crew (C) Nun to the Gods (C) Gods go to Abydos (A) (Norway) Vestalia (Rome) Day (Roman)
Baptism of Christ Juturnalia/ Goddess of Compitalia/ Household (C) Makar Sankranti/ Surya Pongall Sun God Bahman/Day of
(Catholic) Wells & Springs (Roman) Deities (Rome) Lohri Fire Festival Solstice (Hindu) Animals (Zor)
Day (Hindu)
(Sikh)

17 Day of Felicitas/ 18 Day to Honor 19 Timkat/Epiphany 20 Establishing of the 21 Day of Yngona 22 St. Vincent's Day 23 Day of Thoth
Good Luck Goddess Surya/ Sun God & (Ethiopian Orthodox) Great Cow (C)
I (Danish) (U)
I (Catholic) taking an Oath (C)
(Roman) (U) Goddess (Hindu) (U) Saraswati Puja (Hindu) St. Agnes/Ines's Day Duruthu Puja Day of Banba/Earth
(Catholic) (Hindu/Sri Lankan) Goddess (Irish Celtic)
Capricorn ends Aquarius begins (U)

24 Day of an 25 Crossing over with 26 Day Ptah lifts Ra's 27 Day the Gods 28 Lenaea/Feast of 29 Day of Pax & 30 Tu Bishvat/"Tree"
Appearance in the Sight Nun from the Nile (C) Heaven (C) receive Ra (C) Dionysus (Greek) Irene/Peace Festival New Year Qewish)
ofHu (C) Conversion of St. Paul Day of Cernunnos/ Feast Day of Ish tar Upelly-As/Fire & Sun (Roman) (U) Mahayana New Year
Paganalia (Roman) (Catholic) Horned God (Celtic) (Babylonian) (U) Festival (Scottish/ Sadeh/Mid-winter
(U) Norse) (U) (Zor) 0

31 Raising the Djed


Pillar for Osiris (A) (C)
Imbolc Eve (Gaelic)
February 2010
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday I Thursday
I Friday Saturday

(A)=Abydos Calendar 1 Brighid' s Feast Day 2 Peak Winter 3 Day of Sui-Minerva (U) 4 Going Forth of the 5 Feast Day ofNeith (C) 6 Festival of Aphrodite
(C)=Cairo Calendar
(Celtic) Imbolc/ Lughnassad Setsubun/Day of Sun Udjat-Eye (Sun/Moon) Day ofTyche/Goddess (Greek/Roman) (U)
(F)=Fasli Calendar
St. Brigid' s Day Candlemas (Catholic) Goddess Amaterasu for Singing in of Luck (Greek) (U)
(L)=Lahun Calendar
(Catholic) Purification of Mary (Shinto/ Japanese) Heliopolis (C) Feast Day of St. Agatha
(U)=Unverified
Losar IN ew Year begins Presentation of Christ St. Blaise Day (Christian)
(Tibetan) in the Temple (Xtian) (Catholic)

I
I 7 Proceeding of 8 Parinirvana/ 9 Feast of Apollo 10 Day of Awakening 11 Day of Keeping the 12 Feast of Artemis/ 13 Day of Mourning
Sekhmet to Letopolis (C) Buddha's Death (Greek/Roman) (U) Isis by Ra (C) Things of Osiris 's Diana (Greek/ Roman) the God (C)
Day of Selene/Semele (Buddhist) St. Apollonia' s Day St. Paul's Shipwreck Wabet (C) (U) Parentalia begins
(Greek/Roman) (U) (Catholic) (Christian) Feast of Our Lady of Maha Shivaratri (Hindu) (Roman)
St. Maroun's Day Li Chum/Spring Lourdes (Catholic) Powamu/Fest of Bean
(Lebanese Catholic) Festival (Chinese) I
I Goddess (Pueblo/Hopi)

14 Juno Februa 15 Day of the Birth of 16 Celebration of 17 Day of Ishtar 18 Day Gods Descend 19 20 Going Forth of
(Roman) Cattle (C) Victoria/ Victory (Babylonian) (U) into the River (C) Min/ Fertility & Bull
Lupercalia/Fertility Clean/ Ash Monday Goddess (Roman) (U) Quirinalia/ Ascension Spenta Armaiti/Earth God (C)
(Roman) Great Lent begins Shrove Tuesday /Mardi of Romulus (Roman) Day (F)
St. Valentine's Day (Catholic) Gras (Catholic) Ash Wednesday (Xtian)
Lent begins (Catholic) Aquarius ends Pisces begins
Chinese New Year I
21 Feast of Sokar in 22 Feast of Osiris at 23 Uproar among 24 Anthesteria/ Fest of 25 Great Burning (L) 26 Anthesteria ends 27 Equirria/ Festival of
Restau (C) Abydos(A) Children of Geb (C) Dionysus begins Entering into Heaven & Mawlid al-Nabi/ Mars (Roman)
Parentalia ends Carista/Feast of Dear Terminalia/Day of (Greek) the Two Banks (C) Birthday of the Prophet Feast of Esther /Purim
(Roman) Kindred (Roman) Janus Terminus/God Regifugium I Sacrifice Mohammed (Muslim) begins (Jewish)
Feralia/ All Souls of Endings (Roman) of Year King (Roman)
(Roman)

28 Holi/ Phalgun
Purnima (Hindu)
Day of Zamyaz/Earth
Goddess (Persian) (U)
Purim ends (Jewish) 0
L --
March 2010
I
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
I
Thursday II Friday
------~--------------
Saturday

(C) = Cairo Calendar 1 Going Forth of Neith 2 Day of Jubilation of 3 Day when Ra's Eye 4 Day of Making Way 1 5 Day of Judgment in 6 Day of the Coming
(F) = Fasli Calendar
from Sais (C) Osiris (C) calls the Followers (C) for the Gods by Khnum 'I Heliopolis (C) of Thoth (C)
(S)=Shensai Calendar
Matronalia/Feast of Going Forth of Anubis Aegir /Festival of Sea (C) Navigum Isidis/Vessel Day of Mars (Roman)
(U) =Unverified
Juno (Roman) (C) God (Celtic) (U) Feast of Rhiannon/ I of Isis (Roman) (U)

t
(Zor) = Zoroastrian
Feast of Iduna Ceadda/Holy Wells Mother Goddess
(Scandinavian) (U) Goddess (Celtic) (U) (Celtic/Welsh) (U) I
--------~--------------------~-------·--·--·----

7 Day the Dead go 8 Day of the Feast of Going Forth by 10 Day of Making 11 Day of Rebellion in 12 Day of Opening 13 Purification Feast
about in the Necropolis Nut (C) Thoth & His Spirits (C) Health (C) I
the Shrine (C) the Windows & Court (Balinese)
(C) Diasia/Fest of Zeus Feast of the 40 Martyrs Feast of Adonis & Day of Herakles/ at Karnak (C)
Junonalia/Day of Juno (Greek) (Catholic) Aphrodite (Greek) (U) I
Hercules (Greek/ Feast of Marduk
(Roman) Festival of the Earth I Roman) (U) (Babylonian) (U)
Goddess (Chinese)
f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - · - - - - - - - - - --
14 Feast of Nut/Sky 15 Day of the Rebirth 116 Bacchanalia/ Feast 17 Liberalia (Roman) 18 Birthday of I 19 Feast Day of Horus I 20 Vernal Equinox
Goddess (C) of Nut (C) I of Dionysus (Roman) St. Patrick's Day Apophis (C) I in Kemwer (C) I Nowruz/ "New Day"
Equirria/Mars Festival Attis/Procession of the I,, Hamaspathmaidyem/ (Catholic) Sheela-Na-Gig (Irish) Festival of Minerva/ (Persian)
(Roman) Reed- Bearers (Roman) I
All Souls (S) Chahar Shanbeh Suri (U) Quinquatrus begins ~Chunfen/Vernal
Mamuralia/Old Year Anna Perenna/New 1 (Persian) (Roman) - Equinox begins (Chinese)
Death (Roman) Year (Roman) ~~--------------1----------ti----------+-S-t._J_o_se_p_h_'s_D_____ay_(_X_tian) Pisce_s _
en_~_s- - - - -
21 Nowruz (F) 22 Asklepia (Greek) 23 Greater Dionysia 24 Feast of Osiris at 25 Anabasis (Greek) I 26 Day of the Feast in 1
27 Day of Smiting the
Ostara (Celtic) Festival of Attis/ begin (Greek) Abydos (C) (A) Hilaria/Emergence of I Busiris (C) Enemies who Rebelled
Paucar Raymi (Inca) Cybele continues Quinquatrus ends Day of Blood (Roman) Attis (Roman) ' Plowing Day (Slavic) against their Mistress (C)

~~~ ~~~~/R~'s C_r_e_~_~_n_D_~_~_t_b_n_)_~ ~ ~·-(_U_) ~_B_a_~_·_~_d_C_~_e_l_e


Passion Sunday (Xtian) (Roman)
Procession of the Tree- Birthday (Hindu) Feast of Annunciation/ (Roman)
_____ _______ _____
Aries Begins Bearers (Roman) Conception of Christ Lazarus Saturday (Xtian)

28 Palm Sunday (Xtian) 29 Festival of Ishtar 30 HanumanJayanti 31 Day Horus is Well I


Khordad Sal I (Babylonian) (U) (Hindu) when the Red One sees II

Zoroaster's Birthday Birthday of Artemis I Magha Puja (Buddhist) His Form (C)
(F) (Greek) (U) I Passover begins Eve of Venus Festival 1

Birthday of Kuan Yin I (Jewish) Q (Roman) 1

(Buddhist) Feast of Luna (Roman)


I 1
April 2010
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(C)=Cairo Calendar 1 Veneralia/Venus 2 Going Forth of Min 3 Persephone/


(L)=Lahun Calendar
Festival (Roman) into the Tent in Proserpina' s Rise
(U)=Unverified
Holy I Maundy Festivity (C) (Roman)
(Zor) =Zoroastrian
Thursday (Catholic) Good Friday (Xtian) Lent Ends (Catholic)
Tin Hau/Queen of Holy Saturday
Heaven (Hong Kong) (Catholic)

4 Magna Mater I 5 Sham El N essim 6 Christ's Nativity 7 Blajini/ Day of Spirits 8 Day of Cond~cting 9 Day the Crew goes 10 Happy Day in the
Megalesia begins (Egyptian) (Mormon) (Romanian) (U) Osiris in His Ship to with the Gods to look Eastern Horizon of
(Roman) Festival of Fortuna Abydos (C) for Confederates of Heaven (C) (L)
Easter Sunday (Xtian) (Roman) Farvardigan/ All Souls Set/Seth (C) Magna Mater I
Chunfen ends Easter Monday (Catholic) (Zor) Megalesia ends
(Chinese) Passover ends (Jewish) Vesak (Japanese) (Roman)

11 Going Forth of 12 Going Forth of Set (C) 13 Festival of Libertas 14 Ra Goes Forth in 15 Day Ra repels 16 Victory 17 Day of Killing of
Kephri (C) Cerealia/ Festival of (Roman) Barque across Heaven (C) Rebels against their Celebration (L) Children of Bedesh (C)
Baking Diana's Bread Ceres begins (Roman) Songkran New Year Summer Day's Feast Master (C) Day of Apollo (Greek) Eroteia (Greek)
(Roman) (U) Maha Thingyan/Water begins (Buddhist) (Norse) (U) Fordicalia/Festival of (U) Matsyendranath/ Rain
Anahita/ Goddess of Festival begins Baisakhi/Harvest (Sikh) Tellus Mater (Roman) God (Nepal) (U)
Love (Armenian) (U)

18 Day of making
(Buddhist)

19 Day of Set's 20 Day of Cutting out 21



Palilia/Parilia/Day
Songkran ends

22 Day Sekhmet is 23 Vinalia/Day


Maha Thingyan ends

24 Day the Gods are


Offerings at Abydos to Rebellion against Sobek's Tongue (C) of Shepherd God Pales Angry in the Land of honoring Venus Satisfied adoring
the Spirits (C) Onnophris (C) Feast of Aphrodite (Roman) Temhu (C) (Roman) Onnophris (C)
Delphinia (Greek) (Greek) (U) Ardavisht/Fire Fest St. George's Day Luna Regia (Gnostic)
Cerealia ends All Saints (Irish Medieval) (Zor) (Xtian) (U)
Aries ends Taurus beP"ins
--
25 House of Ra, Osiris 26 Feast of Horus, 27 28 Floralia/ Day of 29 30 Peak Spring <= St. James the Great
(Eastern Orthodox)
& Horus (C) Son of Osiris (C) Goddess Flora begins Feast of Ra-neb-dedet/
Festival of Robigalia/ (Roman) Fertility (C)
Fertility Goddess Theravada New Year Brauroneia/Fest of
(Roman) Artemis (Greek)
St. Mark's Day (Xtian) 0
May 2010
-Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(C)=Cairo Calendar 1 Bona Dea/Maia


(U) =Unverified (Roman)
(Zor) =Zoroastrian Beltane/Walpurgis
Feast of St. Joseph the
Worker (Catholic)

2 Followers of Horus 3 Sacrifice to Leucaspis 4 Sacrifice to 5 Day the White One 6 7 8 Day of Mens/Mind &
in Foreign Lands (C) (Greek) Tritopatores/Three of Heaven proceeds Consciousness (Roman)
Olympeia (Greek) Bona Dea (Roman) Elder Gods (Greek) Upstream (C) . Homed God (Wiccan) (U)
Maidhyozarem/ Mid-
l St. John the Apostle
Spring (Zor) (Orthodox)

9 Day of Cutting out 10 11 Second Festival of 12 13 Third Festival of 14 Day of Counting by 15 Mercuralia/Day of
Sobek's Tongue (C) Lemuria/ All Souls Lemuria/ All Souls Thoth (C) Mercury (Roman)
Festival of Lemuria/ All (Roman) (Roman) Sacrifice Day to the
Souls (Roman) Ascension Day Tiber River (Roman)
(Catholic)

16 Day of Vomiting 17 Sacred to 18 Feast of Pan 19 Thargelia/ Birthday 20 Thargelia/Birthday 21 Agonalia/ Festival of 22
Things back from the Aphrodite, Hermes, (Greek) of Artemis (Greek) of Apollo (Greek) Veiovis (Roman)
Boat(C) Hercules & Eros (Greek) Sacred Day of Apollo Shavuot/Pentecost I Vesak/ W esak/ Buddha
Festival of Dea Dia (Roman) Qewish) Pumima (Buddhist)
(Roman) Taurus ends Gemini begins

23 Rosalia (Roman) 24 Heimdal (Norse) 25 House of Ra, Osiris 26 27 Day Heart of the 28 Feast Day fixed in 29 Day Geb & Nut are
Pentecost/Whit (U) & Horus (C) Gods listens Well (C) Heaven & Earth (C) Judged (C)
Sunday (Xtian) St. Cyril! Methodius Day of Apollo (Greek) Bendideia/ Goddess of Ambarvalia/Fest of
Day (Xtian) (U) 0 Moon & Hunt begins Fertility Goddess Ceres
(Greek/Thracian) (Roman)

30 Trinity Sunday 31 Day Horus avenges


(Xtian) Osiris (C)
All Saints (Orthodox)
June 2010
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(C)=Cairo Calendar 1 Festival of Carnal 2 Shapatu/Sabbath of 3 Festival of Cataclysmas 4 Kallynteria/Feast of 5 Day of Catching
(U)=Unverified
Goddess of the Heart Ishtar (Assyro- (Greek) (U) Athena (Greek) Birds & Fish by the
(Roman) Babylonian) (U) Bellona/War Goddess Followers of Ra (C)
Day of Tempestas/ (Roman)
Goddess of Storms Corpus Christi
(Roman) (Catholic)
--
6 Damna/ Goddess of 7 Plynteria/Fest of 8 Festival of Mens/ 9 Day of Fighting (C) 10 11 Matralia/Day of 12 Going Forth of
Sacred Stones (Irish) Athena (Greek) Goddess of Mind & Feast of Vesta (Roman) Mater Matuta (Roman) Osiris from His House
(U) Vestalia/ Day of Vesta Consciousness (Roman) Feast of St. Columba of Day of Fortuna (C)
Asperit/ Hearth Iona (Catholic) (Roman) Day ofZeus (Greek)
Goddess begins Feast of the Sacred (U)
(Roman) Heart (Catholic)

13 Judging of the 14 Arrephoria/ 15 Day of the Living 16 Ludi Piscataril 17 Day Crew rests 18 Festival of Anna 19 Day Everyone is
Great Ones (C) Mysteries of Athena Children of Nut (C) Festival of Fishermen seeing Enemy of (Roman) (U) Pacified by Akhet-
Lesser Quinquatrus of (Greek) Vestalia ends (Roman) (Roman) Master (C) Eye/Sun Disk (C)
Minerva (Roman) Day of Jagannath Duanwu/Solstice Day of Eurydice Day of All Heras/
(Hindu) (U) (Chinese) (Greek) (U) Minerva (Roman)
Day of Vidar (Norse) (U) Midsummer Eve
- --

20 Going Forth of 21 Summer Solstice 22 Day of Purifying & 23 Skirophoria/ Feast 24 Inti Raymi!Winter 25 Day of Great Feast 26 Day Gods &
Neith (C) begins Offering in Busiris (C) of Athena (Greek) Solstice (Inca) in Southern Heaven (C) Goddesses spends in
Cerridwen (Celtic) Litha (Celtic) Day of Cu Chulainn, St. John's Eve St. John's Day Bouphonia/ Dipolia/ Festivity & Great Awe
Summanus/Thunder Yule (Southern Son of the Sun (Celtic) (Catholic) (Catholic) Oxen Sacrifice (Greek) in Sacred Temple (C)
God (Roman) Hemisphere) (U) Summer Solstice ends Ludi T aurii/ Bull Partial Lunar Eclipse
Midsummer Day Gemini ends Cancer begins Games (Roman) 0
27 Day of Divine 28 Day of Hem era 29 Hathor' s Return 30 Day Every Goddess
Majesty's Anger (C) (Greek) (U) whence She came (C) Temple in Uproar (C)
Initium Aestatis/ Vidovdan/St. Vitus's Hercules Musarum
Summer Fest (Roman) Day (Serbian Xtian) (Roman)
Sun Dance (Native Feasts of St. Peter &
American) Paul (Catholic)
July 2010
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
I -
(C)=Cairo Calendar I 1 Sailing of the Gods 2 Massacre of the 3 Day the Gods are
(Q)=Qadimi Calendar
after the Majesty of the 1 Goddess Followers (C) Happy because Ra is at
(U)=Unverified Peace with the Akhet-
Goddess (C)
(Zor) =Zoroastrian
Day of Felicitas Eye/Sun Disk (C)
(Roman)

4 Day of Pax/Peace 5 Day of Introduction 6 Reception of Ra (C) 7 Sailing of Ra 8 Day of the Anger of I 9 Day Horus hears 10 Day of transporting
Goddess (Roman) of the Great Ones by Ludi Apollinares/ Westward (C) Horus's Eye (C) Words (C) Maat to Shrine by Ra
Ra (C) Games of Apollo begin Consualia/Festival of N onae Caprotinae I Shab-e- Bar at/ (C)
Poplifugia/Flight of the (Roman) the God of Sowing Fertility (Roman) I Ascension of the
People (Roman) (Roman) Vitulatio/ Joy (Roman) Prophet (Muslim)

I
11 Day of Escape of 12 Going Forth of 13 Ludi Apollinares 14 Aphrodisia/ Festival 15 Ullambana ends I 16 Coming from 17 Honos/Honor/
I
Fugitive Eye (C) Maat & Ra (C) ends (Roman) of Aphrodite (Greek) I (Buddhist) Heliopolis of the Sepa Victoria (Roman)
St. Benedict Day St. Peter's Day/ Ullambana/ Ghost (U) Ti-Tsang/Earth-Store ofTura (C) Day of Amaterasu
(Catholic) Petrovdan (Serbian Festival begins Bodhisattva (Buddhist) Our Lady of Carmel (Shinto)
Orthodox) (Buddhist) (U) (Catholic)
Total Solar Eclinse

18 Day of the 19 Day of the Great 20 Jamshedi Noruz/ 21 Sailing on the River 22 Day of Creating 23 Festival of Mut in 24 House of Ra, Osiris
Children of Bedesh (C) Enemy of Sekhmet (C) New Year (Q) & Tearing down the Misery & Bringing Shera (C) & Horus (C)
Lucaria/ Sacred Grove Sirius Rising Enclosure Wall (C) Terror into Existence (C) Neptunalia (Roman)
(Roman) Lucaria/Sacred Grove Kronia (Greek)
(Roman) Mary Magdalene Day
I
Cancer ends Leo begins

25 Furrinalia/Water 26 Sleipnir (Norse) 27 Going of Goddess 28 Procession of 29 Day the Temple 30 Transporting the 31 Day the Dead One
Festival (Roman) Lailat al Bara'a/ 12th to Heliopolis of Ra (C) Sopdu & His Followers becomes Festive (C) Rejuvenated One to Goes about in
Khordad Sal! Imam (Muslim) St. Pantaleon Day ' (C)
I Restau (C) Cemetery & Arrives on·
Zoroaster's Birthday Khordad Sal (Q) Maya (Catholic) Day of Gloosca/ Earth (C)
I !
(Q) New Year 0 Buddhist Lent Day Creator God (Micmac) Lammas/Lunasa Eve
(Thai) (Celtic)
I I
August 2010
i
I
Friday Saturday
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
r-- -
1 Peak Summer 2 Day of Anahita/ 3 Day of repelling the 4 Destruction in the 5 Sacrifice Day for 6 Holiday for 7 Adonia/ Mourning
Lughnassadh/ Lammas Goddess of Love Crew in the Delta (C) Presence of Ra' s Salus/ Goddess of defending Horus (C) for Adonis (Greek) (U)
(Celtic) (Persian) (U) Followers (C) Health (Roman) Feast of Vartavarh/ Panathenea (Greek)
Feast of Spes (Roman) Aphrodite (Armenian)
Fast in Honor of the Transfiguration of the
Virgin Mary (Catholic) Lord (Catholic)

8 Going Forth of Ra to 9 Vinalia Rustica/ 10 Opisconsivia/ 11 Day the Crew leads 12 Day the Eye of 13 Cleansing & 14
Propitiate Nun (C) Festival of Venus Opalia/ Goddess of the Rebels (C) Horus is Complete (C) Renewal of Noble
Eve of the Festival of (Roman) Abundance (Roman) Ramadan begins Lychnapsia/Birthday of Ones (C)
Venus (Roman) Day of Sol Indiges (Muslim) Isis (Egypt/Roman) Nemoralia/Rites of
Sacrifice to Sol/Sun (Roman) Hercules Invictus Diana (Roman)
(Roman) (Roman) Vertumnalia (Roman)

15 Festival of Vesta 16 Metageitnia/ 17 Abet-offerings to 18 Day the God is 19 Day the Gods Sail 20 21 Feast of Min (C)
(Roman) (U) Festival to Apollo the Gods in the established in Front of (C) Consualia/ Festival of
Assumption of Blessed (Greek) (U) Presence of Ra (C) Ra's Crew (C) Vinalia Rustica/Venus Sowing (Roman)
Virgin Mary Portunalia (Roman) & Jupiter (Roman)
Dormition of the Festival of Diana J amshedi N oruz (S)
Theotokos (Orthodox) (Roman) (U) Leo ends Virgo begins

22 Holiday in the 23 Last Day of Year 24 Birth of Osiris (C) 25 Birth of Horus (C) 26 Birth of Set (C) 27 Birth of Isis (C) 28 Birth of Nephthys
Temple of Sokar, on (C) Eleusinia begin (Greek) Opisconsivia/ Opalia/ Ilmater I Day of Water Eleusinia ends (Greek) (C)
the Estate of Ptah (C) Vulcanalia (Roman) Mania (Roman) Goddess of Abundance Goddess (Finnish) (U) Volturnalia/Waters Assumption of Virgin
Nu Kwa/Life Goddess Ghost Festival (Chinese) (Roman) (Roman) Mary (Orthodox)
(Chinese) Khordad Sal! Birth of Day of Consus/ Grains
Zoroaster (S) 0 (Roman) (U)

29 Birth of Ra- 30 Day the Ennead go 31 (A)=Abydos Calendar


(C)=Cairo Calendar
Horakhty (C) before Ra (C)
I Rising of SD-ius (A) Festival of Charisteria/
(S)=Shensai Calendar
(U)=Unverified
Beheading of John the Thanksgiving (Roman)
I Baptist (Catholic)
September 2010
--:--
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(C)=Cairo Calendar 1 Gods Go in a 2 Gods are Peaceful in 3 Maiden of the Four 4 Welcoming the
(F)=Fasli Calendar
Contrary Wind (C) Heaven (C) Directions I Lakon Rising of the River (C)
(L)=Lahun Calendar
Juno Regina (Roman) Grapevine Festival/ (Hopi) (U)
(S)=Shensai Calendar
Ecclesiastical Year Day of Ariadne &
(U)=Unverified
begins (Orthodox Dionysus (Greek) (U)
(Zor) =Zoroastrian Krishna's Birth (Hindu)
Christian) I
5 Going Forth of Ra 6 Day of Pacifying the 7 Going Forth of Hedj- 8 Going Forth of Great 9 Niketeria/Victory 10 Day of Killing of 11 Coptic New Year
(C) Hearts of Those on the Hotep/ Goddess of Flame/Fire Cobra (C) (Greek) Meret Shemat/ Ganesha Festival
Day of Jupiter Stator Horizon in front of Ra Weaving (C) Nativity of Our Lady Rosh Hashanah begins Goddess of Music (C) (Hindu)
(Roman) (C) Day of Goddess Daena (Catholic) Qewish) Rosh Hashanah ends
Laylat al Kadr /New (Parsee) (U) Chaand Raat/Moon Ramadan ends/Eid al Qewish)
Year (Muslim) Nh:rht (Muslim) Fitr (Muslim)

12 Day of Rage of Set 13 Lectisternia/ Meal 14 Day offering to 15 Day Horus judged 16 Ennead in Festivity 17 Followers of Horus 18 Feast of Osiris (C)
battling Horus (C) Couches for Gods Sobek taken away (C) greater than Set (C) in front of Ra (C) & Set in Conflict (C) Yom Kippur Qewish)
(Roman)
Paitishahem I Harvest
Wag Festival (L) (A)
Boedromia/ Apollo in
I Feast of Thoth (A) Feast of Drunkenness
(L)
Festival (F) Distress (Greek) (U) Feast of Demeter
Holy Cross Day (Xtian) (Greek) (U)
~-- -----~----------

19 Day Ra swallows 20 Day of Causing the 21 Eleusinian 22 Autumnal 23 Epidauria (Greek) (U) 24 Day of Peace 25 Gods are Happy
all Gods (C) Heart ofRa's Enemy to Mysteries (Greek) Equinox Day of Apollo/Ceres
I between Horus & Set when Seeing Children
Procession of Osiris (L) Suffer (C) Quilla/ Coya Raymi Going Forth of (Roman) (C) of Nut (Horus & Set)
Demokratia/ Day of Quetzalcoatl (Inca) Sekhmet & Repelling of Sukkot begins (Jewish) Obatala/ Hermaphrodite (C)
Democracy (Aztec) (U) Mabon (Pagan/Wiccan) Set's Confederates (C) Conception of St. John (Yoruban) Day of Horae/Seasons
I
I Celebration (Greek) St. Matthew's Day (Xtian) 0 Libra begins (Greek) (U)

PresenT
Vir11o ends
--- -

26 Venus Genetrix/ 27 Feast of Osiris & 28 Ennead in Festivity 29 Day of the 30 Thoth in
Mother Venus (Roman) Ennead (C) (C) Procession of Horus to ofRa healing Horus's
Day of Moon Hare his Mother Nut (C) Eye (C)
(Chinese) Michaelmas (Xtian) Meditrinalia/Day of
Sukkot ends Qewish) Wine & Health
Goddess (Roman)
-
October 2010
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(A)=Abydos Calendar 1 Day of Fides/ God of 2 Day of Offering to


(C)=Cairo Calendar Trust (Roman) Hedj-Hotep & Montu
(F)=Fasli Calendar Mihragan/Festival of (Weaving & War) (C)
(L) = Lahun Calendar Feast of Osiris &
Mithra (F)
(Zor) =Zoroastrian Ennead (A)

3 Happy Day for Ra in 4 Going Forth of Ra 5 Festival of 6 Day of Jubilation in 7 Day of Bastet (C) 8 Day of fixing the 9 Day of Felicitas
Heaven (C) against Rebellion (C) Mania/Mundus Patet the Heart of Ra (C) Juno Curitis (Roman) Prow on the Sacred (Roman)
Feast of Dionysus/ Fast of Ceres (Roman) (Roman) Sacred Day to Victoria Boat (C) St. Denis's Day
Bacchus/Wine God St. Francis Day I (Roman) Navaratri/Fall Fest (Catholic)
(Roman) (Catholic) begins (Hindu)

14 Mourning of Isis & I 15 Day Anubis inspects 16 Going Forth of Nun


10 Day satisfying the 11 Vinalia/ Meditrinalia/ 12 Going Forth of Ra 13 Day of Osiris/
Hearts of the Great Wine Goddess at Night with His Onnophris (C) Nephthys at Abydos (A) I Funerary Tent (C) to Raise Djed Pillar (C)
Gods with a Feast (C) (Greek/Roman) Followers (C) Day of Osiris & Ennead (A) Oschophoria/Wine Harvest Festival of Navaratri ends
Juno Moneta/Money Proerosia/ Pre-Planting Ayathrem I Feast of the Fontinalia/Water God Harvest/Dionysus ~ (Roman)
Goddess (Roman) (Greek) Herds (F) (Roman) (GrP.P.kl

17 Reckoillng in 18 Nut in Presence of 19 Day of Cutting 20 21 Day of Ursala/ I 22 Finding of 23 Opening & Closing
Presence of Ra & Thoth Atum-Ra-Horakhty (C) Sobek's Tongue (C) Moon Goddess (Slavic) I Rebellion Children in of Windows at Busiris
(C) Day of Goddess of Armilustrium (Roman) (U) Burial Mat (C) Palace (C)
Dasera/Rama's Victory Refreshment (Greek) Gods of Good Luck St. Ursula's Day Feast of Sokar (L)
I
(Hindu) St. Luke's Day (Xtian) (Shinto) (U) (Catholic) J .ihr::. P.nos 0
24 Feasts of Montu & 25 Feasts of Montu & 26 Abanagan/Day of 27 House of Ra, Osiris 28 Day of Baal 29 Return of 30 Xipe Totec/Lord of
Horus (L) Horus (L) Waters (Zor) & Horus (C) (Babylonian) (U) W edjoyet from Dep Death/ Day of the Dead
Feast of the Spirits of Festival of Han Lu Karwa Chauth/Moon Day of St. Simon & (C) (Mexico)
the Air (Hebrew) (U) (Chinese) (U) God Festival (Hindu) Jude (Xtian)
Scorpio begins
- ---~

31 Peak Fall
Trembling of Earth
under Nun (C)
Samhain (Celtic)
Halloween
I November 2010
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(C)= Cairo Calendar 1 Pomona (Roman) 2 Encouragement of 3 St. Hubert's Mass 4 Going Forth of Isis (C) · 5 Day of Blaming of 6 Day of Great
(L)=Lahun Calendar
Samhain (Celtic) Gods of Two Lands (C) (Catholic) the Great Ones (C) Rejoicing in Heaven (C)
(P)=Plutarch
Rite of Hella Festival of the Dead Diwali/Deepavali/ Birthday of Tiamat
(U) =Unverified
(Scandinavian) I (Celtic) Festival of Lights (Babylonian) (U)
(Zor) =Zoroastrian
Hanal Pixan (Maya) All Souls Day (Xtian) I (Hindu)
All Saints Day (Xtian) Day of the Dead (Inca) I
l

7 8 Festival of Mania 9 Sailing Forth of 10 Day the Gods' 11 Old November 12 Day of Ennead 13 Passion of Osiris
(Roman) Osiris to Abydos (C) Hearts are Sad (C) Day (Celtic) I Appearance (C) (C) (P)
Mitrovdan/ St. Old November Eve Vinalia/ Bacchus Day Chhath Festival of Feast of Jupiter (Roman)
Demetrius (Orthodox) (Celtic) (U)
I (Roman) I Surya (Hindu) Festival of Feronia/
Kali Puja (Hindu) Martinmas (British/ Woods & Springs
Celtic/Xtian) (Roman)

14 Day of Strife for 15 Finding of Osiris's 16 Going Forth of 17 Feast of Shu, Son of 18 Raising of Maat to 19 Day Ra Judges (C) 20 Going Forth of Isis,
Geb' s Children (C) Body (P) Bastet in front of Ra Ra (C) See Ra (C) Pompaia/Festival of Who with Nephthys
Day honoring (C) Festival of Ceres Zeus Meilichios Sees Osiris (C)
Children's Goddesses Resurrection of Osiris (Roman) I (Greek)
(Hindu) (U) (P) Day of Ardvi Sura
(Persian)(~
---·-
21 Day of Kulkulcan/ 22 Establishing Djed 23 Judging Horus & 24 Gods in Jubilation 25 Maimakteria/Zeus, 26 House of Osiris & 27 Day Ra is Joyful in
Quetzalcoatl (Maya/ of Atum in He!lven (C) Set (C) over Horus (C) God of Weather Ra(C) His Beauty (C)
Aztec) (U) N ihinahe I Shinj osai Brumalia begins I (Greek) I Ashi Vanguhi I Goddess Periplus of Hathor (L)
I Christ the King Festival of Rice & Saki (Roman) Sacred Day of ofTreasures (Persia) (U)
Archangel Michael Day (Shinto) Adargan/Fire Festival Proserpina/ Persephone Festival for Goddesses of
I (Orthodox) I I

28 Day Gods &


0

Goddesses in Festivity (C)


Day of Sophia (Hebrew)
Scorpio ends

29 Festival of Saturnus
(Roman)
Sagittarius begins

I 30 Day of Andros
I
(Greek) (U)
St. Andrew (Catholic)
(Zor) I
I
(Roman)

r- Light & Fire (Tibet) (U)


--

(U) Day of Skadi/


I
First Sunday of Advent Underworld Goddess
(Catholic) (European) (U) I
--
December 2010
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

(A)=Abydos Calendar (L)=Lahun Calendar


I
1 Going Forth of 2 Day of Ra' s Boat to 3 Day of Rhea (Greek) 4 Festival of Minerva
(C)=Cairo Calendar (P) =Plutarch (Roman)
Hathor (C) overthrow Enemies (C) (U)
(CD) = Canopus Decree (U) =Unverified Festival of Bona Deal Feast of Santa Barbara
Hopi New Year (U) Hannukah begins
(D) = Dendera Calendar (Zor) =Zoroastrian
Qewish) I Cybele (Roman) (Catholic)
(E) =Esne Calendar
(H)=Hibeh Calendar

5 Day of Action by 6 Sinterklaas (Dutch) 7 Feast of Osiris in 8 Day of Bennu (C) 9 Going Forth of the 10 Festival of Lux 11 Day of Bruma/
Thoth (C) St. Nicholas Day Abydos (C) Festival of Osiris begins Great Ones (C) Mundi/ Libertas Goddess of Winter
Faunalia/Forests (Catholic) Al- Hijra/ M uharram I (D) Plerosia/Zeus (Greek) (Roman) (Roman) (U)
(Roman) New Year (Muslim) Bodhi Day (Buddhist) <=Birthday of Agonalia/Feast of Sol
Feast of Lucina (Italian) Immaculate Conception Amaterasus Qapan) (U) (Roman)
St. Nicholas Eve (Catholic) Hannukah ends

12 Feast to Athena 13 St. Lucia Day 14 Mysteries of Osiris 15 Day of Making 16 Day of Looking at 17 Going Forth of 18 Lesser Dionysia
(Greek) (U) (Catholic) begin (A) Embalming Ointment Sun Disc (C) Mysterious Great Ones (Greek)
Coatlique I Mother Koto-hajime/Time Halcyon Days begin for Osiris (C) Day of Sapentia/ to Look for Sun Disc Feast of Epona
Goddess (Aztec) (U) Feast begins 0 apan) (Greek) (U) Consualia (Roman) Wisdom Goddess (C) (Celtic/Roman)
Our Lady of Guadalupe Navidades begin (Roman) (U) Saturnalia begins Feast of Our Lady of
(Catholic) (Puerto Rico) (Roman) Solitude (Mexican)

19 Waiti~g to 20 Funeral of Osiris 21 Winter Solstice 22 Festival! Rising of 23 Night of Mistletoe 24 Nodresnach/ 25 Voyage of Osiris/
Annihilate Horus, begins (D) begins Osiris (H) (CD) (D) (Celtic) (U) Mother Night Goddess Kikellia (CD)
Savior of His Father (C) Tsao Chun/Kitchen lsia/ Feast of Isis Festival of Sokar (D) (E) Day of Semele & I (Anglo-Saxon/ German) Horus/ Aion's Birthday
Pongol I Solstice God (China) Yule/Litha (Celtic) Winter Solstice Dionysus (Armenian) (U) Christmas Eve Sol! Mithra' s Birthday
(Hindu) Yalda/Longest Night Capac Raymi (Inca) (Shinto) (U) Saturnalia ends (Roman) I Winter Solstice ends Yule (Celtic)
(Zor) Sagittarius ends Capricorn begins Christmas Day

26 Resurrection of 27 Periplus ofHathor (L) 28 Halcyon Days end 29 Day of Nymphs 30 Haloa/Day of 31 Day Sekhmet
Osiris/Raising ofDjed (D) Nehebkau Festival (L) (Greek) (Greek) (U) Demeter & Dionysus places Flame in front of
Feast of the Holy Feast of Freya/Frey Holy Innocents Day (Greek) the Great Ones (C)
Family (Catholic) (Norse) (U) (Catholic) Name Day of Day-pa- Watch Night (Xtian)
Death of Zoroaster St. John the Apostle Mirh/ Creator before New Year's Eve
St. Stephen's Day (Catholic) Mithra (Zor) (U)
~----------------~----------------~------------------~----------~----~----------------~-------------------L-----------------~

. :..
As another notable day showing Christianization of Pagan
January holidays, St. Agnesjlnes was supposedly a Christian martyr
beheaded on January 21st. However, in consideration of the
January was named from the Roman double-faced god Janus,
fact that the same day was sacred to an ancient Danish
who was the keeper of doors, also representing sunrise and
goddess by the name of Yngona prior to the advent of
sunset, and facing backwards and forwards.
Christianity,24 it is likely that this Catholic tale was fabricated
Notable days in January include the first, which is New Year's in order to usurp the Pagan holiday.
Day in many locales, as well as the "Solemnity of the Mother
of God" and a traditional date for Jesus's circumcision, The Christian "St. Vincent," whose Feast Day is celebrated on
January 22nd, is claimed to be a remake of the Greek god
Catholic commemorations deliberately placed on this day in
Apollo, another solar deity.
order to Christianize widespread Pagan celebrations.
The birthday of Dionysus can be listed on both the 5th and 6th February
of January, while the god Aion who is born on January 6th is
February was named after the Roman goddess of purity, Juno
called by Joseph Campbell a "syncretistic personification of
Februa or Februata, from the verb februare, meaning "to
Osiris."20 Dionysus was likewise identified with both Aion and
purify." The word "Februa" seems to have some relationship
Osiris in ancient times. In antiquity too, Jesus Christ's
with the Gaelic "Feabhra," which in tum was said to be
nativity was also placed on the 6th or 7th of January, when it
derived from "Fheile Bride," the first day of Spring.
remains celebrated in some factions of the Orthodox Church,
such as in Armenia, as well as the Coptic Church. Concerning The month starts off with a feast day important to Celts which
these dates, Christian theologian Dr. Hugo Rahner remarks: was preempted by the Catholic Church: That of the goddess
Brighid, Brigid, Brigit or Bride, who was turned into "St.
As to the dates, Norden has shown that the change
Brigid." The month is also notable for February 2nd
from January 6 to December 25 can be explained as
representing "Peak Winter," one of the cross-quarter days
the result of the reform introduced by the more
called "lmbolc," "Lughnasad" and "Candlemas," among other
accurate Julian calendar into the ancient Egyptian
titles. In its attempt to supplant this widespread Pagan
calculation which had fixed January 6 as the date of
festival, the Church placed the Purification of Mary and the
the winter solstice.21
Presentation of Christ in the Temple on this day, the
It thus appears that in ancient times these dates of January Purification of Mary in the month named after the purification
5, 6 and 7 represented the winter solstice, which is fitting for of the goddess Juno constituting an obvious appropriation.
sun gods. Indeed, Macrobius later places Dionysus's birth on Candlemas is followed on February 3rd by the feast day of St.
December 25th, again appropriate for a sun god. 22
Blaise, whose name led him to become associated with
January 6th is also the Catholic celebration of the "Three lighting fires. Blaise's story is full of fantastic tales, and it is
Kings," who purportedly attended Christ's birthday but who possible that there was no historical figure under all the
are in actuality mythical and astrotheological figures. 23 myths but that he was himself a Catholic rehash of an earlier
Pagan deity.
20 Campbell, 338. February lQth is supposedly the day of Anahita/ Anaitis, the
21 Rahner, 141. Persian lovejmoon goddess. It has also been the time of the
22 Rahner, 140.
23 See my book Christ in Egypt. 24 Dunwich, WBD, 10.

The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 36 www.StellarHousePublishing.com


Gamelia, when the Greek goddess and god Hera and Zeus's deposed by the Paschal observances. March 22 is the
marriage was celebrated, a popular fest that may have been prima sedes Paschae. )25
deliberately overshadowed by the Catholic Church's
Regarding the Cybele equinox festival, Dr. Marvin W. Meyer
placement on that date of the commemoration of St. Paul's
remarks:
purported shipwreck.
The most well-known Roman festival in honor of the
The inclusion of the feast of Our Lady of Lourdes on February
Anatolian deities [Cybele and Attis] was celebrated in
11th is because Lourdes was traditionally a place of the Greek
the spring, during March. Presumably this festival
goddess Persephone, one of the many faces of the Divine
began to take shape during the first century c.E. Much
Feminine that the Virgin Mary supplanted.
of the evidence for specific components of the festival,
The date of February 14th as a day of love was copied from the however, dates from later cen~uries, so that the
Roman celebration of Lupercalia by the Catholic Church, who following schedule of events most accurately describes
put in its stead the feast day of "St. Valentine," a name for the festival as it was celebrated in the third or fourth
several early Christians, including one who is purported to century C.E. On March 15 the ceremonies opened, with
have led armed mobs in Rumania and Hungary to slaughter the reed-bearers (cannonphon) carrying their reeds into
and rape Pagans. the sanctuary. The cut reeds may have been a
symbolic representation of a feature of the story of
St. Lucia's Day on February 22nd is said to be a
Kybele and Attis: either the abandonment of baby Attis
Christianization of the Roman holiday for the ancient Italian
by the side of a river or his self-castration later in his
goddess of light, Lucia.
life. The next several days of the spring festival were
March spent in fasting from bread, wine, and other food, as
well as abstaining from sexual intercourse.
March was named after the Roman god of war, Mars, also
known as Ares in Greek mythology and Tiu/Tiw in Teutonic or Then, on March 22 the tree-bearers (dendrophon)
Germanic mythology. carried into the sanctuary a pine tree that was freshly
cut and decorated with ornaments such as purple
Along with the notorious Bacchanalia of the Greek god flowers or ribbons and an image of Attis. On that day
Dionysus on March 16th, March is known for its abundant and the day following, the worshipers mourned over
observations of the vernal equinox, which is celebrated in the tree, for it commemorated the death of Attis.
various cultures on March 20th, 21st or 22nd, This latter day According to the sacred myth, Attis castrated himself
was known in ancient times for its important festival of the and died under a pine tree and even could be
goddess Cybel~the Great Mother-which began on March identified with the tree. As the pine tree was cut down
22nd and ended on the 27th, As stated by Rev. Alexander in death, so also was youthful Attis cut down.
Roberts in The Ante-Nicene Fathers (VI, 496):
March 24 was aptly named the Day of Blood (Dies
The festival of Cybele, the "Mother of the Gods," began sanguinis). On this day some of the fanatical
on the 22d of March, when a pine tree was introduced celebrants flogged themselves until they bled and
into the mysteries, and continued, until the 27th, sprinkled their blood upon the image and the altars in
which was marked by a general purification (lavatio), the sanctuary, while others are said to have imitated
as Salmasius observed from a calendar of Constantine
the Great. [An equinoctial feast, which the Church 2s Roberts, A., 496. See also 531, fn 2,
The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 37 www.StellarHousePublishing.com
Attis by castrating themselves. Such painful and AprO
dramatic acts allowed the worshipers to identify with
the passion and death of Attis. The Hilaria on March April is named from the Roman month Aprilis, "perhaps
25 brought renewed joy and hope. There was feasting derived from aperire or Latin for 'to open."' One tradition holds
in honor of the Great Mother and good cheer. At least that the month was named for Aphrodite, the Greek goddess
in some fourth-century celebrations of the Hilaria, of love.
there also may have been affirmations of the Another important Roman festival of the Great Mother /Magna
resurrection of Attis. (CP. the hints in Arnobius, The Mater, called the Megalesia, commenced on April 4th, which
Case Against the Pagans, 5.7, and the denial of Attis's this year happens to coincide with Easter, the Christian
actual return to life. In Firmicus Maternus, The Error celebration of the resurrection of life that supplants the Pagan
of the Pagan Religions, 3.lff., explicit mention is made vernal equinox celebrations. On April 5th, the day of the
of the resurrection of Attis.) The spring festival came to Roman festival of the goddess Fortuna as well as Easter
a close with a much-needed day of rest (March 26) and Monday this year, occurs the very ancient Egyptian spring
a fmal day (March 27) on which the holy image of the festival of Shamo, which dates back some 4,500 years.
Great Mother was bathed in the Almo River.26
Based on Eastern European traditions combining the two, St.
As we can see, there are several important correlations here George's Day on April 23rd was likely contrived to co-opt the
with the Christ myth. Roman festival of Parilia, which occurs two days earlier.3o The
In City of God (28.54), Augustine stated that Christ died on Catholic feast may have been placed on the 23rd to supplant
March 25th.27 The Christian Creation Day on March 25th was the Roman feast of Venus as well, essentially killing two birds
recorded in De Pascha Computus,2s evidently also reflecting with one stone. As is common with saints and prophets, St.
Christ's conception, which was likewise placed on the 25th, George appears to be an amalgam of both mythical and
exactly nine months before "Christmas." As noted, Jesus's historical figures.
resurrection was likewise placed on the 25th of March, while St. James the Great's Feast Day has been placed on April 30th
the Romans had previously celebrated the "Hilaria" on that in the Eastern Orthodox Church and July 25th in the Western.
date, representing the resurrection of life from the death of In consideration of the repeated takeover of Pagan holidays by
winter. It is obvious that the Christian celebrations on this the Church, it is likely that the placement of this feast day on
date constituted an imitation of Pagan vernal equinox festivals. April 30th was in order to "overwrite" the "Peak Spring"
March 27th was an auspicious day, as it was traditionally the celebration of Beltane/Walpurgis. Beltane was named for the
end of the March Roman Cybele festival, the day of the Celtic god of light, Bel or Beli, also known as Belinus in the
"lavatio" or washing of Cybele in the Almo River. When the Roman, who appears to be related to the Phoenician sun god Baal.
calendar was Christianized in the 5th century, Christ's The Catholic commemoration of St. James may also have
Resurrection was placed on March 27th for the specific reason been designed to replace the Artemisian festival of Brauronia,
of usurping the lavatio. 29 explaining the date's significance in the Eastern church in
particular. However, the latter holiday would be based on the
lunar month, so it would be difficult to determine whether or
26 Meyer, 114. See also Borgeaud, 90-91. not it was on the mind of the Christian usurpers. In any
21 Trench, 184.
2s Matthews, 96.
29 Borgeaud, 90. ao Frazer, OF, 415.

The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 38 www.StellarHousePublishing.com


event, in the year 1 AD/CE and subsequently, the Feast of Ra- June
neb-dedet, the Egyptian God of Fertility, fell on the same day
as that which was later established as the Feast Day of St. June is named for the chief Roman goddess, Juno, queen of
James the Great. heaven and wife of Jupiter.
June is the month of the summer solstice, which begins on
May June 21st but which is celebrated for a few days before and
May is named after the Roman goddess of the Spring, Maia, after, including as "Midsummer Day" on the 20th, as well as
mother of the god Mercury, also known as Hermes in the Inti Raymi or the day of the Inca sun god Inti on the 24th. The
Greek mythology. Catholic Church superseded the summer solstice by placing
the nativity of John the Baptist on the 24th, precisely six
May 1st is "Peak Spring," also signifying the "Coming of the months before Christmas Eve, when his "cousin" Jesus-the
Great Ones from the House of Ra," in the year 1 AD f CE, winter sun-was born. In the New Testament, the Baptist's
presuming that the Cairo Calendar was still in currency. Peak mother is six months pregnant when the Virgin Mary
Spring is represented by Beltane or Walpurgis in the conceives (Lk 1:36), and John is later depicted as making an
Celtic/Pagan calendar, a date preempted by the Catholic enigmatic remark concerning Jesus: "He must increase, but I
Church as that of St. Joseph, stepfather of Jesus. The Church must decrease." (Jn 3:30) This statement makes sense when it
apparently also appropriated Walpurgis by claiming it was the is understood that Jesus and John represent the sun at the
feast day of "St. Walpurga," who supposedly lived in England winter and summer solstices, respectively.
in the 8th century but who is evidently the remake of the
fertility goddess Waldborg.31 The placement in June (28th) of Vidovdan or the Feast of St.
Vitus, who is known as the patron saint of dancers, appears
The feast day on April 18th of St. John the Apostle likewise to have been designed to Christianize the "midsummer
may have been placed in order to arrogate Pagan holidays on dancing madness" of the Pagans. Likewise, the placing of the
or around that date. There exists no scientific evidence that feasts of Sts. Peter and Paul on June 29th also served to
the Apostle John as depicted in the New Testament and override Pagan holidays, including possibly the Roman fest of
Christian tradition was a single, historical personage. Hercules Musarum or "Hercules of the Muses."
Like other "Ascension Days," that of Jesus occurs on the day
before the new moon, representing the disappearance of the
July
sun's light as the moon wanes. In 2010, the Christian July was the month of Quintilis ("Fifth") before being named
Ascension Day occurs on May 13th. after the Roman emperor Julius Caesar.
On May 21st of this year occurs the Buddhist celebration of Like that of Jesus, the Ascension of Mohammed also occurs
Wesak/Vesak, which commemorates not only the birth of on the day before the full moon (July 9th in 2010), indicating
Buddha but also his enlightenment and death. This various astrotheological aspects of Islam as well.
"coincidence" of all three milestones happening on the same
date is an indication of the mythical nature of "the Buddha," July 11th in the year 1 AD f CE and for centuries following
who is in reality a soli-lunar godman, as demonstrated in my would have been the "Day of the Escape of the Fugitive Eye"
book Suns of God: Krishna, Buddha and Christ Unveiled. in the Egyptian Calendar, referring to the sun god Ra. Oddly
enough, the Catholic feast day of St. Benedict was also placed
at that time centuries later, peculiar because of the story
31 Encyclopedia Americana, 270. wherein Benedict had turned a temple of the Greek sun god

The 20 10 Astrotheology Calendar 39 www.StellarHousePublishing.com


Apollo into a Christian "oratory of St. John," after which it pagan feast of Aphrodite called Vartavarh (roseflame),
was said that the "enraged god returned to torment him in the retaining the old appellation of the feast, because
form of a black monster with flaming eyes. "32 Christ opened His glory like a rose on Mount Thabor.3s
The heliacal rising of Sirius varies from place to place and era The original Pagan celebration was "an early harvest festival
to era, in this modem era usually occurring on July 20th, celebrated in the western highlands of Asia (Persia, Iran,
although alternative dates include the 26th of July33 and the maybe Afghanistan) dedicated to a goddess called Vartavarh,
first of August.34 The 27th of July is the feast day of the or Roseflame (early chroniclers identified her with Aphrodite,
Catholic St. Pantaleon, who is said to be a Christianized the Greek goddess of love)."36
Italian god.
August 15th is also noteworthy because it was the day of an
The five epagomenal days upon which the gods Osiris, Isis ancient festival of the Roman goddess Vesta, while both the
and Horus, etc., were said to be born are generally placed in Catholic and Orthodox Churches placed festivities of the
the middle of July. However, in the year 1 ADICE, these would Mother of God on that day as well, including the Assumption
not have occurred until the following month. of the Virgin Mary. August 15th is said to have been chosen by
the Catholic Church because on that day the sun rises and
August sets near the constellation of Virgo, the Virgin, whom the
Christian Virgin was designed to supplant.
August was previously called Sextilis ("Sixth") before being
renamed after the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus. Although they are often placed in July, the important five
epagomenal days from the Egyptian calendar constituting the
The first of August represents "Peak Summer," with attendant
birthdays of the children of Geb and Nut would have occurred
Pagan holidays obviously commandeered by the Catholic
from August 24th to the 28th during the year 1 AD ICE.
Church placing the Fast in Honor of the Virgin Mary on this
day. This day of Lammas was also co-opted by the Church as August 29th is another notable day, as it would have served as
the supposed date of St. Peter's miraculous escape from the birthday of the Egyptian sun god Ra-Horakhty and the
prison in the book of Acts of the Apostles. As is the case with beginning of the Egyptian New Year in 1 AD ICE and for
John the Apostle and many others, there is no concrete centuries afterward. The calendar inscription of Ramesses II
evidence of Peter's existence, and he appears to be a remake at Abydos also names this date as that of the Rising of Sirius,
of Pagan deities, including the Roman god Jupiter. which, again, would signify the beginning of the Egyptian New
Year. Meanwhile, centuries later the Catholic Church usurped
As with other Catholic feast days, the Transfiguration of the the day by making it the commemoration of the beheading of
Lord on August 6th was designed to appropriate a Pagan
John the Baptist. However, the Baptist is demonstrably a
celebration, according to the Catholic Encyclopedia ("Feast of mythical figure, and his beheading represents an
the Transfiguration of Christ," August 6th):
astrotheological motif.
The Armenian bishop Gregory Arsharuni (about 690) As Rev. Dr. Robert Taylor remarks:
ascribes the origin of this feast to St. Gregory the
Illuminator (d. 337?}, who, he says, substituted it for a John the Baptist is beheaded on the 29th of August,
because, on the fourteenth and a half of that day, the
32 Seznec, 48.
33 Rayor, 329. 35 Herbermann, 19.
34 Brier, 227. 36 Hill, 190.
The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 40 www.StellarHousePublishing.com
bright Star of Aquarius rises in the calendar of October is full of harvest and wine days. The Zoroastrian/
Ptolemy, while the rest of his body is below; and as the Persian festival of Mihragan or Mehregan on October 2nd is an
direct adversary of Aquarius is Leo, whom I have important date, as it represents the vema! equinox and
shown to be none other than King Herod: so King harvest time, dedicated to the ancient Persian sun god Mithra,
Herod, every 30th of August, at half after two in the whose feast day represents a sort of resurrection and whose
morning, annually repeats the operation, of cutting off birthday was traditionally celebrated at the winter solstice,
John Baptist's head.37 specifically on December 25th, before the Catholic Church
usurped that date.
September
It appears that the placement of the feast day of St. Denis,
September is named after the Latin term for "Seven," septem, Dennis or Denys on October 9th was designed to supersede
because it used to represent the seventh of the 10 months in the Oschophoria/ Oskophoria celebrations of Dionysus, as
the original Roman calendar. well as the other Dionysian festival on the 3rd, as this
In 2010, September 5th is the Muslim festival of Laylat a1 Christian saint is evidently a remake of the Greek god.
Kadr, which is held to be the date when the first verses of the The Feast Day on October 18th of St. Luke, who was
Koran/Quran were received by Mohammed. However, this associated with homs, may be an appropriation of a Pagan
celebration is an evident takeover of an earlier Arab New Year celebration having to do with the Homed God or Heme, also
Festival. Another indication of the astrotheological nature of known in the Celtic as Cemunnos. It seems that the
elements within Islam exists in the celebration of Chaand Ra placement of St. Luke's Day on this date was an attempt to
or "Moon Night," which occurs on the new moon (Sept. 8th). co-opt Pagan harvest and fall festivals.
Interestingly, "Chandra" is the name of the Indian moon god,
whose main festival, Karwa Chauth, falls in October (27th in Another such supplantation occurs on the 21st of October,
with the feast of the Teutonic moon goddess Urschel, as well
2010), about nine days before the Hindu holiday of Diwali.
as the Slavic moon goddess Ursala, being tumed into the
The Jewish celebrations included here, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Catholic St. Ursula's Day. Ursala or Ursula means "Little
Kippur and Sukkot, are likewise based on the phases of the bear," derived from the Latin for "bear," ursus, and these
moon, both Islam and Judaism constituting lunar cults, while moon goddesses may also have been bear goddesses
Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism are largely solar cults. equivalent to the Greek deity Artemis.
September 21st, 22nd and 23rd contain various vernal equinox The placement of the Feast Day of St. Simon & Jude on
celebrations, including the Coya Raymi of the Inca, as well as October 28th may have constituted a Christianization of the
the Pagan/Wiccan Mabon and the Catholic Conception of St. first day of the Celtic month of Ngetal or "Reed." The story of
John, nine months before his birth at the summer solstice. St. the martyrdom of Simon in Britain, as well as his purported
Matthew's Day was also placed on the 21st of September in death also in Persia, having allegedly been sawn in half,
order to preempt the Pagan equinox celebrations. making him the patron saint of woodcutters, causes one to
believe he may be a remake of the Celtic woodcutter god
October Hesus or Esus.
October comes from the Latin/Greek word for "Eight," octo, Halloween, while celebrated in largely Christian countries, is
originally representing the eighth month of the year. an ancient "Peak Fall" festival, one of the many "day of the

37 Taylor, 74.
The 20 10 Astrotheology Calendar 41 www.StellarHousePublishing.com
-
dead" commemorations at this time, which represents a figuring prominently in pre-Christian myths as well as in
transition to the death of winter. Christianity, with Jesus himself identified as a white stag.

November The deliberate takeover of a Pagan festival is evident in the


placement of St. Martin's Day or Martinmas on November
November was named for the Latin word for "Nine," novem, 11th, which was previously the Roman festival of Vinalia,
was originally the ninth month of the Roman year. celebrating the Greek wine god Dionysus/Bacchus and the
The Christian festivals of All Saints and All Souls Days were vine. This appropriation is expressed in an old ecclestiacal
obviously placed in order to usurp the various Pagan peak fall calendar:
festival days. The day after Halloween, All Saints Day is also As the feast of Martinmas occurs at the genial period
called Hallowmas or All Hallow, followed by All Souls Day, of the year when the harvest is in, and cattle are slain
likewise termed the Day of the Dead, as it is in the Maya for the winter season, and new wine is first opened
calendar as well. The Rites of Hella were a Scandinavian and tasted, it followed that Martin became the
festival in which the goddess of the underworld was embodiment of good cheer and inherited some of the
beseeched to raise the dead. characteristics of the ancient Bacchus. There is
certainly a strong resemblance between the Vinalia of
All Souls in the Roman Empire originally occurred on May
the ancients and the Martinalia of the mediaeval
13th, likewise appropriated by Christianity:
period .... an ancient ecclesiastical calendar ... under the
The chosen day, May 13, was a pagan observation of head of November 11 expressly says, "The Vinalia, a
great antiquity, the culmination of three days of the feast of the ancients removed to this day, Bacchus in
Feast of the Lemures, in which the malevolent and the figure of Martin. "39
restless spirits of the dead were propitiated. 38
The celebration of the Passion of Osiris on November 13th is
The commemoration of St. Hubert's Mass on November 3rd is from the date set forth in the Cairo Calendar and Plutarch, 17
said to be the Christianization of a feast day of the popular Athyr/Hathor, as it would have occurred in the Roman
Pagan Horned God, this Catholic "hunter's day" celebrated historian's era. By this chronology, Osiris is resurrected on
with dogs, horns and antlers. Although it is claimed that the 16th of November, whereas the same or similar important
Hubert or Hubertus himself is a remake of the Horned God, festival is also recorded at Dendera centuries earlier as having
his biography indicates he may have been a historical figure taken place from the 18th to the 30th of the month of Khoiak,
who has been reworked to co-opt the Pagan deity and which in Plutarch's time would have corresponded to
religious motifs and celebrations. The apocryphal story of December.
Hubertus becoming a more devout Catholic after being
One of several dates for the alleged birth of Christ, as put
threatened, while out hunting on a Good Friday, with eternal
forth by early Church father Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-
damnation by a stag with a crucifix between its antlers
215 AD/CE), is November 17th or 18th, which actually
sounds like a legend designed to convert the Horned God into
represents the New Year and feast day of the sun in "the
a Christian saint, the stag or deer with antlers associated with
province of Syria. "4 0 Christ's purported November birth is one
the Celtic Cernunnos or Herne. The stag in the Hubert myth
was at times identified as being white, such white stags

39 Walsh, 663.
38 "Lemuria (festival)," en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemuria_(festival) 40 Roll, 77.
The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 42 www.StellarHousePublishing.com
or two days after the resurrection or rebirth of Osiris, indicative of his role in questioning Christ's resurrection, as
according to the Athyr /Hathor dating of that festival. Jesus is the sun, and "Doubting Thomas"-the "Twin"-
symbolizes the time when the day star takes a "stutter step,"
The placement of the celebrations of Christ the King and
unsure whether or not it will return on its long journey back
Archangel Michael on November 21st was likely designed by
to fullness at the summer solstice.
the Catholic Church to preempt a Pagan festival. It is
interesting to note the contention that the Mexican god Likewise noteworthy is the festival of the Egyptian baby sun
Kulkulcan/Quetzalcoatllikewise has his feast on that day. It god Sokar occurring on 26 Khoiak, as related in the Calendar
is possible that the Feast of Christ the King was established in of Hath or at Dendera, 42 corresponding at the turn of the
order to supersede the ancient Mexican festival. common era to December 22nd. The longstanding ritual of
Sokar being carried out of the temple on this day in an "ark"
The Brumalia beginning on November 24th apparently
closely resembles the censored commentary by Church father
constituted a Roman festival celebrating Bacchus, lasting a
Epiphanius (c. 310 I 320-403) concerning the Egyptians
month, while the Brumalia fest that honored Bacchus/
bringing forth the baby sun born of a virgin at the winter
Dionysus on December 25th was evidently a Greek
solstice.
commemoration. The confusion comes from two different
roots for the word brumalia, one of which, bruma, means This Egyptian "Christmas" celebration, styled by Epiphanius
"shortest day." the "Kikellia,"43 has also been called the "Rites of Isis" and has
been asserted elsewhere to begin a few days earlier than
The celebration of St. Andrew on November 30th also likely
December 25th, such as the "true" solstice of the 21st or 22nd,
represents a replacement of a Pagan holiday, as the evidence
corresponding to the Sokar festival.
points to Andrew himself being a rehash of an ancient Greek
god representing manhood or "Andros."41 The winter-solstice celebrations were so important that at
times they exceeded the one or two days of the actual solstice
December in the Gregorian calendar, i.e., December 21st or 22nd. Solstice
celebrations therefore do not necessarily fall on the traditional
December comes from the Latin word for "Ten," decem,
time of the solstice but may occur up to several days before or
originally representing the lOth and final month of the Roman
after, such as is exemplified by the Roman celebration of
calendar.
Saturnalia, which began on the December 17th and ended on
The feast of "Saint Barbara" on December 4th appears to be a the 23rd.
remake of the Roman festival dedicated to the important
Hence, a "winter solstice" birth as asserted for a number of
goddess Minerva, also known in the Greek pantheon as
gods would not necessarily be celebrated on those exact days
Athena. The word barbara in Latin simply means "barbarian
or even on the more commonly accepted date of December
woman," which may have signified the Pagan goddess.
25th, which signifies the end of the three-day period of the
December is full of winter solstice celebrations beginning in solstice, as perceived in ancient times. -
remotest antiquity. For example, the date of December 21st as
The nativity of Inanna and advent 'of Isis-who possesses
the festival of Amaterasu represents her "coming out of the
solar attributes-as well as the winter-solstice celebrations in
cave," a typical solar myth. The placement by the Catholic
Church of St. Thomas's Feast Day on December 21st is India, all of which fall in January, nevertheless representing

42 Cauville, 25.
41 Walker, 32. 43 See my book Christ in Egypt, 84ff.
The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 43 www.StellarHousePublishing.com
. ..,...

the return or rebirth of the sun, provide examples of this time in order to preempt the resurrection of Osiris, which
development. The winter-solstice birthday of the Greek sun would have been fixed to this day, based on its Khoiak date,
and wine god Dionysus was originally recognized in early after the Alexandrian Calendar was created. Also, as Dr.
January but was eventually placed on December 25th, as Arthur Drews remarks, the Corona constellation "becomes
related by Macrobius. Regardless, the effect is the same: The visible at this time on the eastern horizon. "4 5 As I further
winter sun god is born around this time, when the day begins relate in my book Suns of God, the "Northern Crown" or
to become longer than the night. Stephanos Arcticos is the "First Martyr" at the vernal
equinox. 46
In 275 AD/CE, December 25th was formalized by Emperor
Aurelian as the birthday of Sol Invictus, the Invincible Sun, The date of December 27th for the feast day of St. John,
and it is claimed that Aurelian likewise combined the Greek according to tradition the "disciple whom Jesus loved" (Jn
festival of the sun god Helios, called the Helia, with Saturnalia 13:23, et al.), may be a contrivance by the Church to co-opt
as well to establish this solstice celebration. 4 4 the festival of the Egyptian god Nehebkau, who was the right-
hand man of the sun god Ra. Interestingly, Nehebkau is
The highly important Mysteries of Osiris, which begin on the
considered a snake god, i.e., a master of the snake, while
14th of December and end with his resurrection on December
John's legend has the saint being immune to snake venom
26th, follow a winter-solstice pattern similar to the Brumalia,
and miraculously producing a snake from the venom in a
Saturnalia and Christmas celebrations. The facts that this
chalice. Moreover, as I demonstrate in my book Christ in
period comprises several festivities having to do with the
Egypt, the Gospel of John is highly Egyptian in nature and
passion, death and resurrection or rebirth of this prominent
obviously created for an Egyptian audience.
Egyptian sun god, and that the dates for these mysteries
happened to correspond to the winter solstice when the We hope you have enjoyed the 2010 Astrotheology Calendar.
wandering Egyptian Calendar was finally fixed, are For information on next year's calendar and a companion
extraordinary. guide, please go to:
The commemoration of the death of the Persian prophet StellarHousePublishing.com
Zarathustra or Zoroaster during this solstice time (21st or 26th)
is also extraordinary, especially in consideration of the Cool Stuff & Other Websites of Interest
memorial of Osiris's death around the same time. Although Build your own sundial or Stonehenge to celebrate the
many people believe Zoroaster to have been a real person,
solstices and equinoxes:
apocryphal tales surrounding him similar to those of mythical
figures, as well as his very name, which in Greek means forums.truthbeknown.comfviewtopic.php?t=2326
"living star," indicate he too may be a mythical figure, possibly
Sundial Society
a (sun) god made into a prophet, a common act in the ancient
www.sundials.org
world.
December 26th is likewise the feast day of St. Stephen, who Stellarium (Free astronomy program for your computer)
also is likely a mythical figure, possibly based on the www.stellarium.org
Crown/Corona constellation, stephanos in Greek meaning
Winter Solstice Webcast:
"crown." Stephen's Feast Day may have been placed at this
45 Drews, 211.
44 Saperstein, 473. 46 Acharya, SOG, 429-430.

The 20 10 Astrotheology Calendar 44 www.StellarHousePublishing.com


www.newgrange.comjwebcast.htm "The Horned God and Christianity,"
www.wilsonsalmanac.comjhorned_god.html
Circles for Peace
"Imbolc," en. wikipedia.orgfwiki/lmbolc
circlesforpeace.org
"January 24-Paganalia,"
Setting the Summer Solstice Stone: www.blueworld.orgjgreenbriarjindex.php/2009/01/book-
of-daysjjanuary-24-paganalia
www.youtube.comjwatch?v=AyPTmBjQJvQ
"Judith S. Young, Ph.D, Professor of Astronomy,"
"Old News" forums. truthbeknown.comjviewtopic. php?t=2326;
www.archaeoastronomy.com www.astro.umass.edu/ -youngjyoung.html
"June 15," www.wilsonsalmanac.comjbookjjun15.html
Astrotheology videos "Mehregan," en. wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Mehregan
www.stellarhousepublishing.comjvideos.html "Nehebkau," en. wikipedia.orgfwiki/ Nehebkau
www.TruthBeKnown.com "Nova Roma: Calendar of Holidays and Festivals,"
TBKNews. blogspot.com www.novaroma.org/ calendar jjunius.html
www.Freethought Nation.com "October 18," www.wilsonsalmanac.comjbookj oct18.html
"October 28," www.wilsonsalmanac.comfbook/ oct28.html
Sources & Further Reading "Parentalia: Roman religious festival,"
"2010 Calendar of World Religion sacred times," www. britannica. com/ EBchecked/ topic J443487 JParentalia
www.interfaithcalendar .org/ 201 O.htm "Roman Festival Days,"
"Akitu," en.wikipedia.orgjwiki/ Akitu www.purplehell.comjriddletoolsjrfestival.htm
"Ancient Greek Festivals," www.fjkluth.comjfestival.html "Secular Solstice and Equinox Celebrations,"
"Assumption of the Virgin Mary with Roses" image, forums.truthbeknown.comjviewtopic.php?t=2326
www.uvoc.org/ Assumption/ Assumption.html "Thousand-Year Cycle Signals in Solar Activity," Solar Physics,
"Brumalia," en.wikipedia.orgjwiki/Brumalia v. 245, n. 2 (10/07).
"Christian Saints: St. John the Evangelist," "Time and Calendars,"
www.abcgallery.com/ saints/johnevang.html forums.truthbeknown.comjviewtopic.php?t=1243
"Compiled List of Festivals and Sacrifices in Athens," "Ursula: Saint, or bear-goddess?,"
www.numachi.com/ -ccountjhmepajNotes.html www. wilsonsalmanac.comjursula_bear_goddess.html
"Date Converter for Ancient Egypt," aegyptologie.online- "Walpurgis Night," en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walpurgis_Night
resourcen.de JDate_Converter_for_Ancient_Egypt "When-is," http:/ jwww.when-is.com/
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American Heritage Dictionary, Houghton Mifflin, 2000/2009.

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Calendar," Lincoln Children's Books, 2004.

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recording, or otherwise-without written permission except for
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SIMMS.html 1. Religion-Comparative 2. Mythology-History
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Design and layout by D.M. Murdock
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Light ofTradition, John Murray, London, 1908.
0
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Turcan, Robert, The Cults of the Roman Empire, Wiley-
Blackwell, 1997.

The 2010 Astrotheology Calendar 47 www.StellarHousePublishing.com


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