PILOTES

The worked design examples follow the step by step design

and construction process outlined in Chapter of FHWA-NHI-16-
009. The design process floe chart introduced in chapter 2 is
follwed in the worked design examples and is presented herein
as Figure D-1.

Establish global Project

Perfomance requeriments.

Determine bridge geometry,

general substructure locations,
and top of foundations.

Define general site geotechnical

conditions, scour, and
seismicity.

Perform structural modeling and

determine preliminary substructure
loads and tolerable deformations.

Develop and execute subsurface

explotation and laboratory
testing program.

Ing. Jesús Arequipeño Huerta

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 Evaluate information and
determine candidate foundation
systems for further evaluation.

Shallow Foundations
Deep Foundations - Without ground improvement
- With ground improvement
Desing And
Construction Not
Discussed Herein

Select candidate driven

pile foundation types and Evaluate other Deep
sections for futher Foundation systems
evaluation.

For all candidate piles, calculate

nominal and fatored structural
resistences

For all candidate piles, calculate nominal

and factored geotechnical resistances in
axial compression and axial tension versus
Depth. Perform preliminary pile drivability
analyses

Estimate preliminary number of

piles, preliminary pile group size, and
resolve individual pile loads for all
limit states.

Estimate pile penetration Depth for

maximun axial compression loads.
Check group efficiency in axial
compression.

Ing. Jesús Arequipeño Huerta

 Establish mínimum pile penetration
Depth for axial tensión loads. If
conditions warrant, return to Block 8
or Block 11 and modify design.

Establish mínimum pile penetration

Depth for lateral loads. Determine p-y
model and required geomaterial
parameters, then perform lateral load
análisis.If conditions warrant, return to
Block 8 or Block 11 and modify design.

Establish pile penetration depths that satisfy

tolerable deformations. Estimate group
settlement over the mínimum and máximum
rango of pile penetration depths from Blocks
12 to 14 and identify all pile toe elevations
which result in intolerable deformations. If
conditions warrant, modifay design and return
to Block 8 or Block 11.

Check pile drivability to the máximum pile

penetration Depth requirement
established in Blocks 12 through 15. if
conditions warrant, modify design and
return to Block 8 or Block 11.

Determine the neutral plane location and

resulting drag forcé. Check structural
strength limit state for pile penetration
Depth from Block 16. If conditions
warrant, modify design and return to
Block 8 o Block 11.

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 Does estimated total
settlement and diferenctial Redesing one, or
settlement between adjacent No more
substructures.
substructure locations satisfy Return to Block 8
requirements and angular or to Block 11
distortion limint?

Yes

Evaluate economics of candidate

piles, preliminary pile group
configurations, and other factors

Is the preliminary design of No

Return to
all substructure foundations
complete? Block 10

Yes

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 Yes

Refine structural modeling and

determine loads at foundation top
and lateral earth pressure loads on
abutments

Did loads significantly

change, and require No Return to
reevaluation of foundation Block 8 or to
design? Block 11

Yes

For Dynamic elastic analyses,

reevaluate foundation stiffnesses
using unfactored loads in structural
modelto get new foundation loads.

Did loads significantly

change, and require Yes Return to
reevaluation of foundation Block 8 or to
design? Block 11

No
Ing. Jesús Arequipeño Huerta
 Does the design meet all limit
No Return to
state requirements? Block 10

Yes

Design pile cap according to

AASHTO specifications for concrete
structures.

Finalize plans and specifications

including pile quantities, mínimum
pile penetration requierements
from Block 13 througt 15, and
required nominal resistances.

Perform evaluation of
Contractor´s proposed
equipment.

Set preliminary driving criterio.

Drive test piles and assess
constructability.

Ing. Jesús Arequipeño Huerta

 Adjust driving criteia or design.

Drive production piles whith

construction monitoring, resolve
any pile installation problems.

Perform post-construction
evaluation and refinement for
future designs.

Ing. Jesús Arequipeño Huerta