Antennas The Key 2009

Dipole or monopole?
monopole?
half
To transmitter
wave
(GSM module)
length
Dipole shows that antenna Monopole with "mirror"

has two rods on ground plane
2 / Harald Naumann / 06.04.2009

www.roundsolutions.com © Round Solutions GmbH & Co. KG
Benefits of embedded monopoles
Small size
Size interferred by of half wave length only
Assembling direct on PCB
Cost savings by automatic pick and place
Cost savings, because no costs for coaxial

cables needed by using of micro strip lines
Higher reliability by bypassing coaxial

connectors
Q: When to select a monopole?

A: If small size is needed, integration inside the enclosure
or just for cost reduction.
Drawbacks of embedded monopoles
Reasonable ground plane of 3500 to 4500

mm in square needed
Components in the near will interfere and

detune the antenna
Even Epsilon R of plastic enclosure will

have an impact on centre frequency
Antenna could interfere with micro

controller, power supply or any other
component on PCB
Q: How to minimize the risk on embedded monopoles?

A: Select a partner that will help with modules, antennas,
references and GSM testers for final design check.
Practical use of interference
A good example for radio waves and

interference is the musical instrument
Theremin.
The Theremin creates sound by changing

the position of your hands in the
electromagnetic field
In same style components in the near will

interfere and detune your antenna
Lydia Kavina playing
in Ekaterinburg
Q: How to tune the embedded monopole antenna?

A: There are several options. Please take care and follow the
guideline on free space, distance to ground and place for
matching circuit. Please show steps in between to your
antenna partner and ask for their advice.
Examples for embedded monopoles
Antenna GXE477 Antenna GXE475 Antenna GXE472
Tri band GSM Quad band GSM +

Tri band GSM
UMTS 2100
Dimensions Dimensions
in mm: Dimension
in mm:
30 x 6 x 5 in mm:
20.5 x 7 x 3.2
24 x 4.4 x 5.6 mm
Q: Which antenna to select?

A: This depends on cellular bands to by covered and ground
plane you can offer.
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR
VSWR =1 VSWR = 2 VSWR = 3
Practical not Reasonable Already not that

possible practical value nice
Nothing will be Part of wave A lot of energy is

reflected will be reflected not feed to the
antenna
Q: Why VSWR is important?

A: Any energy that is not feed to antenna never has a chance
to be radiated.
Antenna Efficiency
The efficiency of an antenna Q: Why and when antenna

relates the power delivered to efficiency is important?
it and the power radiated or
dissipated within the antenna. A: If efficiency is low, then
A high efficiency antenna has power consumption is

most of the power present at higher. The stand by time
the antenna's input radiated of your product will be less.
away.
You will spend more money
A low efficiency antenna has for bigger batteries.
most of the power absorbed as
losses within the antenna. The products of competition
with better antennas will
Ρ work at locations, where
ε= radiated your product has already to
Ρinput
pass.

Impact of a reduced ground plane
Optimised ground plane

DUT antenna ANT-GXE477
Lenght of ground plane
Good VSWR on GSM 900 and

GSM 1800 MHz band

Impact of a 15 cm smaller ground
plane
Lenght of ground plane cut

by 15 cm
Centre frequency on GSM

900 and GSM 1800 MHz band
still ok
VSWR on GSM 900 is already

less
VSWR on GSM 1800 has not

changed
Q: Why is there no change on GSM 1800?

A: Because wave length is only the half.
Impact of 30 cm smaller ground plane

Lenght of ground plane cut

by 30 cm
Centre frequency on GSM

900 and GSM 1800 MHz band
still ok
VSWR on GSM 900 is already

poor
VSWR on GSM 1800 is still

close the same
Q: Do you know options on optimization?

A: Yes, often we can help with hints and tipps.
Ground plane in praxis
Please do not follow the upper example
Q: Why does my GSM antenna radiates, but my GPS antenna

does not work?
A: Why didn’t your supplier sell you a starter kit;
why didn’t they recommend to take care on ground plane?
Do's and Dont's during development
Never place ground plane or tracks underneath the antenna

Never place the antenna very close to metallic objects
Be careful about the wiring in the finalized product, not too
close to the antenna
A monopole antenna should have a reasonable ground plane to
be efficient
Do the final tuning in the end product, not in free air
Never install a chip antenna in a vastly different layout than the
reference design, and expect it to work without tuning
Do not use a metallic enclosure or metallized plastic for the
antenna
Test the plastic casing for high RF losses, preferably before
production
Never do a cut and paste antenna design and expect it to work
without testing
Do not use very thin PCB tracks, the tracks should be fairly wide
International success stories
Eureka,
Italy for Medical Intelligence,
Canada
e-foxx
Germany
Germany

Customised external antennas
GSM 850/1900 antenna

with American PTCRB
approvel
Narrow band GSM-
GSM-R
antenna on top of
information terminal
Top and back view

of GSM-
GSM-R antenna
Q: Can you help us with antennas that will pass PTCRB?

A: Yes, we can help with standard and customised antennas.
Embedded antenna GSM 900/1800
and ISM 868 for electricity meter
Before After
Result after customisation:

The VSWR for GSM 900 is always better than 1.9
and in GSM 1800 MHz band the VSWR is always better than 1.6.
Enhanced services
Design in aid for embedded antennas
Tuning and Customer
customisation Receipt of Customers Board
of antennas
Tuning
Mount standard part on board and check for shift in characteristics

Development Select an item from the frequency and impedance series to correct
of matching the shift in characteristics
Mount the new part on the board and check characteristics
circuit
Repeat steps 2 and 3 if necessary to get the best results
Development of Standard Measurements
new customised Measure the radiation pattern in the company's anechoic chamber
Check the center frequency, upper and lower band limits as well as
antennas verify the gain.
Make Technical Report
Send a technical report of the test results and a recommendation

for the part to use to the customer.
Customer

Where to buy my antennas?
antennas?
Broadline distributor Special distributor Wireless Solution supplier

30000 components 3000 components 300 components
You get a few parts You get a few You get all parts you need
for your project more parts and it fits always together
Poor support, because Good support, Best support, because

the team has to serve because the team the team has to serve
several lines has to serve a few minimum lines
lines
Q: How to find the best partner?

A: Just divide the number of listed components on line card
by support engineers
Do not burn your money
Be careful when selecting your antenna supplier
First plane the size of PCB and antenna
Doing the other way around can force enormous costs
Better spending money for feasibility study, then loosing the
chance to get GSM operator approval
Take care that GSM operators like Cingular and Vodafone are
looking for antenna efficiency of at least of 40%
Our European wireless paradise will shrink, as soon operators
will use close the same rules than the Americans
Hire resources as soon you run in trouble with your RF design
The best RF amplifier is a good antenna
The best antenna you get by selecting a high position

Tools and services to play with
Q: Where to get all the

tools and services?
A: Please feel free to ask

for measurement equip-
ment, consulting, studies
and development with us.
Please note that we offer

the loaning of GSM
testers and other equip-
ment for premium
customers free of charge.

Why not to use services like
rapid prototyping of enclosures?
Prototype Robust material Polyamide
Very detailed by using

files in format STL
Minimum edge length

of polygons 0,01 mm
Only Euro 350 to 400

for handheld enclosure
Final enclosure
Delivery after 2 - 3 working
days

Why not being a part of a huge
community?
World's biggest forum for wireless
applications
5.000+ members
Support and information

24 hours/7 days a week

Thank you for listening.
More about antennas and services
around at stand
Round Solutions GmbH & Co. KG
Hans-Boeckler-Straße 16
63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
Parliamo italiano +49 6102 79928-220
Kundtjänst på Svenska +49 6102 79928-210
Hablamos el espanol +49 6102 79928-230
English spoken +49 6102 79928-200
German spoken +49 6102 79928-0
Fax +49 6102 79928-199
info@roundsolutions.com
www.roundsolutions.com

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Dipole or monopole?

Dipole shows that antenna Monopole with "mirror"

2 / Harald Naumann / 06.04.2009

Size interferred by of half wave length only

Assembling direct on PCB

Cost savings by automatic pick and place

Cost savings, because no costs for coaxial

Higher reliability by bypassing coaxial

Q: When to select a monopole?

Reasonable ground plane of 3500 to 4500

Components in the near will interfere and

Even Epsilon R of plastic enclosure will

Antenna could interfere with micro

Q: How to minimize the risk on embedded monopoles?

A good example for radio waves and

The Theremin creates sound by changing

In same style components in the near will

Q: How to tune the embedded monopole antenna?

Antenna GXE477 Antenna GXE475 Antenna GXE472

Tri band GSM Quad band GSM +

Q: Which antenna to select?

VSWR =1 VSWR = 2 VSWR = 3

Practical not Reasonable Already not that

Nothing will be Part of wave A lot of energy is

Q: Why VSWR is important?

The efficiency of an antenna Q: Why and when antenna

A high efficiency antenna has power consumption is

ε= radiated your product has already to

8 / Harald Naumann / 06.04.2009

Optimised ground plane

Lenght of ground plane

Good VSWR on GSM 900 and

9 / Harald Naumann / 06.04.2009

Lenght of ground plane cut

Centre frequency on GSM

VSWR on GSM 900 is already

VSWR on GSM 1800 has not

Q: Why is there no change on GSM 1800?

Optimised ground plane

Lenght of ground plane cut

Centre frequency on GSM

VSWR on GSM 900 is already

VSWR on GSM 1800 is still

Q: Do you know options on optimization?

Please do not follow the upper example

Q: Why does my GSM antenna radiates, but my GPS antenna

Never place ground plane or tracks underneath the antenna

14 / Harald Naumann / 06.04.2009

GSM 850/1900 antenna

Top and back view

Q: Can you help us with antennas that will pass PTCRB?

Result after customisation:

Mount standard part on board and check for shift in characteristics

Development of Standard Measurements

Make Technical Report

Send a technical report of the test results and a recommendation

17 / Harald Naumann / 06.04.2009

Broadline distributor Special distributor Wireless Solution supplier

Poor support, because Good support, Best support, because

Q: How to find the best partner?

19 / Harald Naumann / 06.04.2009

Q: Where to get all the